POLYMALEIC ACID HPMA 50% SOLUTION

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is a water-soluble polycarboxylic acid polymer, commonly known as Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, used mainly as a scale inhibitor and dispersant in industrial water treatment systems.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution provides effective calcium carbonate scale control by interfering with crystal growth and deposition in water systems, and exhibits excellent chemical and thermal stability at high temperatures and pH levels.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is suitable for cooling water, boiler water, oilfield water treatment, desalination, reverse osmosis pretreatment, and industrial cleaning applications.

CAS Number: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
Molecular Formula: (C4H4O4)n
Molecular Weight: 116.07 g/mol (monomer); average 800–1000 g/mol (polymer)

Synonyms: HPMA, Polymaleic Acid, Poly(maleic acid), Maleic Acid Polymer, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, (Z)-2-Butenedioic Acid Homopolymer, Maleic Acid Homopolymer, Crease Proofing PMA

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is the homopolymer of maleic acid, produced through the polymerization of maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon at 60 to 200 degrees C followed by hydrolysis.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a relative molecular weight of 400 to 800, is easily soluble in water, has high chemical and thermal stability, and a decomposition temperature above 330 degrees C.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution prevents the deposition of calcium carbonate and sulfate scales by chelating calcium and magnesium ions and causing crystal lattice distortion, which keeps scale soft and reduces the tendency of water to foul.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is very stable in the presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides, and is suitable for alkaline environments.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution effectively prevents the formation and deposition of inorganic salts and metal oxides, enhancing system efficiency and longevity.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a low molecular weight that ensures efficient dispersion and compatibility with other treatment chemicals.

Scale Inhibition Mechanism of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
The active carboxylic acid groups (COOH) of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution chelate with calcium and magnesium ions, occupying crystal lattice growth points or embedding inside the crystal, causing slight deformation of the crystal structure.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution inhibits crystal nucleation and the growth of calcium carbonate, while also causing lattice distortion that keeps the scale soft and greatly reduces fouling tendency.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution can chelate calcium and magnesium ions in water and has lattice distortion ability, which can also improve the fluidity of sludge.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a scale inhibition rate that can reach 98% under effective operating conditions.

Uses of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is used in circulating cooling water systems, low-pressure boilers, desalination flash evaporation devices, oilfield water treatment, reverse osmosis pretreatment, industrial cleaning formulations, and scale-control applications.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is widely used in seawater desalination plants, where its excellent scale inhibition and high temperature resistance make it especially effective.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant in high-temperature and high-alkalinity cooling water systems.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is commonly combined with phosphonates, zinc salts, or other water treatment additives to improve scale and corrosion inhibition performance.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution when used alone is generally dosed at 1 to 15 mg/L; when compounded with EDTMPS in a ratio of 1:3 it can be used for in-furnace water treatment of low-pressure boilers; when combined with zinc salts it can effectively prevent corrosion of carbon steel.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a good effect of inhibiting scale formation and stripping old scale from system surfaces.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is added to cleaning and detergent products to improve dirt dispersion and increase cleaning efficiency.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is used in paint and ink formulations to increase pigment stability and prevent precipitation.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is used as a cement admixture and saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is used as a stabilizer and dispersant in industrial and medical formulations.

Benefits or Advantages of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution provides excellent scale inhibition and dispersing performance with a scale inhibition rate of up to 98% under effective operating conditions.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is stable under high temperature and alkaline conditions, maintaining performance at elevated temperatures where many other scale inhibitors fail.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is compatible with phosphonates, zinc salts, and other polymers commonly used in water treatment programs.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is free from phosphorus and heavy metals, and is readily biodegradable, supporting environmentally responsible water treatment programs.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has high chemical stability at pH 8.3 and above, showing a pronounced solubility limit effect that enhances its performance in alkaline cooling water systems.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution can provide both scale inhibition and corrosion protection functions, especially when combined with zinc salts in a single treatment program.

Features of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is a clear to amber or light yellow to brownish-red transparent liquid with a slight characteristic odor.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a solids content of 48 to 52%, a pH of 2.0 to 3.0 in 1% aqueous solution, and a density of 1.18 to 1.25 g/cm3 at 20 degrees C.

Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is soluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol, and is stable up to decomposition temperature above 330 degrees C.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has a bromine value of 50 mg/g maximum and a flash point of approximately 95 degrees C.

Chemical Properties of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is a polycarboxylic acid polymer in which repeating maleic acid units provide multiple carboxylic acid groups that are responsible for its chelating and crystal modification activity.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is stable under recommended conditions, with low reactivity under normal use, though it may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, or reactive metals.

Thermal decomposition of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution may produce carbon oxides and irritating organic fumes.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution has an InChIKey of VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N and SMILES notation C(/C(=O)O)=C/C(=O)O (maleic acid monomer unit).

Production and Chemical Reactions of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent at 60 to 200 degrees C, followed by hydrolysis of the anhydride groups to yield the final polycarboxylic acid polymer.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution quality control checks parameters such as solid content (≥50%), pH (2.0 to 3.0 in 1% aqueous solution), density (1.22 to 1.25 g/cm3 at 20 degrees C), and bromine value (≤50 mg/g).

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Handling of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution should be handled in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution handling requires avoiding contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, and avoiding breathing mist or spray.

SDS of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Stability and Reactivity of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Chemical stability:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.

Reactivity:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution shows low reactivity under normal use conditions.
It may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, reactive metals, and strong reducing agents.

Conditions to avoid:
Excessive heat.
Freezing.
Direct sunlight.
Contamination.
Prolonged exposure to incompatible materials.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Strong alkalis.
Reactive metals.
Strong reducing agents.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Carbon oxides (CO and CO2).
Irritating organic fumes.

Handling and Storage of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Handling:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Avoid breathing mist or spray.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Store at 2 to 8 degrees C.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Protect from freezing, heat, direct sunlight, and contamination.
Store away from incompatible materials.
Use plastic drums, HDPE containers, or other compatible corrosion-resistant packaging.

First Aid Measures of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulty or irritation occurs, seek medical attention.

Skin contact:
Wash affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical advice if irritation persists.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek medical advice if symptoms occur.

Firefighting Measures of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Specific hazards:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution is an aqueous solution and is not highly flammable under normal conditions.
Decomposition during fire may produce irritating fumes and carbon oxides.

Protective equipment for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear full protective clothing during firefighting operations.

Accidental Release Measures of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Personal precautions:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Use suitable personal protective equipment.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent large spills from entering drains, waterways, or soil.

Cleanup methods:
Absorb with inert material such as sand, earth, or absorbent granules.
Collect into suitable labeled containers for disposal.
Dispose of according to local, regional, and national regulations.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:

Engineering controls:
Use adequate ventilation and eyewash facilities in handling areas.

Eye protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.

Skin protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.

Respiratory protection:
Not normally required under good ventilation.
Use suitable respiratory protection if mist or spray is generated.

Hygiene measures:
Wash hands after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.

Identifiers of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
CAS No.: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
MDL Number: MFCD00284278
InChIKey: VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1-
SMILES: C(/C(=O)O)=C/C(=O)O
Chemical type: Polycarboxylic acid polymer
Function: Scale inhibitor, dispersant, corrosion inhibitor (with zinc salts), cement admixture, cleaning agent

Properties of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Physical state: Liquid
Appearance: Clear to amber or light yellow to brownish-red transparent liquid
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Flash point: Approximately 95 degrees C
Storage temperature: 2 to 8 degrees C
Solubility in water: Soluble
Solubility in methanol: Sparingly soluble
Decomposition temperature: Above 330 degrees C
Thermal stability: Stable up to approximately 200 degrees C in service

Specifications of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Chemical name: Polymaleic Acid (Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride) 50% Solution
Solid content (%): ≥50.0
pH (1% aqueous solution): 2.0 to 3.0
Density (20°C, g/cm3): 1.22 to 1.25
Bromine value (mg/g): ≤50.0
Average molecular weight (polymer): 800 to 1000 g/mol
Molecular weight range: 400 to 800 (low MW grades); up to 10,000 (high MW grades)
Storage conditions: Store at 2 to 8 degrees C in tightly closed HDPE or plastic containers
Typical dosage (alone): 1 to 15 mg/L

Names of Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution:
Polymaleic Acid HPMA 50% Solution
HPMA
Polymaleic Acid
Poly(maleic acid)
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride
Maleic Acid Polymer
Maleic Acid Homopolymer
(Z)-2-Butenedioic Acid Homopolymer
Crease Proofing PMA