POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOLAURATE

POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOLAURATE

CAS: 9005-64-5
Molecular Formula: C26H50O10

Molecular Weight (g/mol): 522.68

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, food and cosmetic industries. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate solution has been used in phospho-buffered saline (PBS) solution for washing tissues.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic detergent; useful for removal of peripheral membrane proteins.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan monolaurate. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate's stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. 
As the name implies the ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains, leading to a commercial product containing a range of chemical species.

Food applications
Polysorbate 20 is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops, helping to provide a spreading feeling to other ingredients like SD alcohol and mint flavor.

The World Health Organization has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0–25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.

Biotechnical applications
In biological techniques and sciences, polysorbate 20 has a broad range of applications. 

For example, POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOLAURATE is used:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a washing agent in immunoassays.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding. 
In this major application, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is dissolved in Tris-buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v. 
These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreaction, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubating solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce nonspecific background.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e., to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined with proteins such as BSA).
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used to stabilize proteins purified protein derivative (PPD) solution used in skin testing for tuberculosis exposure
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used for lysing mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined with other detergents, salts and additives.

Pharmaceutical applications
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical applications to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.

Industrial and domestic applications
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used in many brands of baby wipes.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used by philatelists to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp itself.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as wetting agent in rubber balers in the elastomer industry.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used as a shape directing agent to synthesize spheroidal magnetite nanoassemblies.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial oleic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate contains a minimum of 65% of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 96.5% of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate on the anhydrous basis and less than 3% water. 

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic detergent for solubilizing membrane proteins without altering biological activity.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, food and cosmetic industries. 
Although a number of studies have showed its non-toxic impacts on target cells, still, it is essential to investigate its effect on target cells. 
Therefore, in the present study, the anti-cell proliferation and cyto/genotoxicity effects of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate are reported to address the possible mechanism for induction of apoptosis. 
At 40%–50% confluency, A549 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate at a recommended concentration for 24 h. 
After 24 h, to detect apoptosis and DNA damage, the treated cells were subjected to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled annexin V flow cytometry, DAPI staining, comet, and DNA ladder assays. 
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate decreased the growth of treated cells dose and time dependently, and single-strand DNA cleavage has been confirmed by comet assay. 
In addition, morphological alteration of DAPI-stained cells showed clear fragmentation in the chromatin and DNA rings within the nucleus of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate treated cells. 
In addition, flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed DAPI staining assay results and indicated the occurrence of a programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the treated cells. 
These results demonstrate that, despite consideration of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate as a safe non-ionic surfactant, it can induce apoptosis in target cells.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was shown to induce apoptosis in target cells although it was thought to be a safe non-ionic surfactant.

SYNONYMS:

Tween 20
9005-64-5
POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOLAURATE
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate
2-[2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)oxolan-2-yl]-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl dodecanoate
Polysorbate (INN)
1052273-76-3
9005-66-7
Sorbimacrogol laurate 300
2-{2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)oxolan-2-yl]-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethyl dodecanoate
2-(2-(3,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate
2-[2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl dodecanoate
Alkest TW 20
Polysorbate 20 (NF)
Polysorbate 40 (NF)
Polysorbate 60 (NF)
Tween(R) 20
tween (R) 20
Tween 20 (TN)
Tween 40 (TN)
Tween 60 (TN)
SCHEMBL118527
POE (6) sorbitol monolaurate
POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate
CHEMBL371631
Ethoxylated Sorbitan monolaurate
POE (20) sorbitan monolaurate
DTXSID60922815
MFCD00165986
E432
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate Kosher
FT-0645136
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate 20 NF
D05565
D05566
D05567
2-(2-(3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyldodecanoate
2-{2-[3,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethyl dodecanoate