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DESCRIPTION:
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is one of the most common food additives.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is a very effective emulsifier, and allows the stabilization of food products.
However, some harmful elements are contained in these components.
SYNONYMS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
E number: E433,Kolliphor PS 80[4] - Kolliphor is a registered trademark of BASF,Alkest TW 80,Scattics,Canarcel,Poegasorb 80,Montanox 80 – Montanox is a registered trademark of Seppic,Tween 80 – Tween is a registered trademark of Croda Americas, Inc.[5],Kotilen-80 - Kotilen is a registered trademark of Kolb AG
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is an additive used in the food industry to modify the texture of the product that contains it.
Its action is more precisely oriented towards the emulsification of two immiscible materials.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) then allows two materials, for example a lipid material and water, to form a single, very homogeneous body.
At the same time, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) also helps prevent the formation of deposits.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) has a plant origin.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is extracted by dehydration of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol present in fruits.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also the case for all additives included in the sorbate family, in particular polysorbate 20 , sorbitan monostearate or E491 .
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is usually found as an oily, slightly viscous liquid, lemon yellow in color with a characteristic odor.
USES OF POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) :
Food:
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is used as an emulsifier in foods, though research[6] suggests it may "profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states."
For example, in ice cream, polysorbate is added up to 0.5% (v/v) concentration to make the ice cream smoother and easier to handle, as well as increasing its resistance to melting.
Adding this substance prevents milk proteins from completely coating the fat droplets.
This allows them to join in chains and nets, which hold air in the mixture, and provide a firmer texture that holds its shape as the ice cream melts.
Health and beauty
Polysorbate 80 is also used as a surfactant in soaps and cosmetics (including eyedrops), or a solubilizer, such as in a mouthwash.
The cosmetic grade of polysorbate 80 may have more impurities than the food grade.
Medical:
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is a surfactant and solubilizer used in a variety of oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as an emulsifier in the making of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also used as an excipient in some European and Canadian influenza vaccines.
Influenza vaccines contain 2.5 μg of polysorbate 80 per dose.
Polysorbate 80 is found in many vaccines used in the United States,[11] including the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is used in the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Middlebrook 7H9 broth.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also used as an emulsifier in the estrogen-regulating drug Estrasorb.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also used in granulation for stabilization of drugs and excipients when IPA binding.
Laboratory:
Some mycobacteria contain a type of lipase (enzyme that breaks up lipid molecules); when these species are added to a mixture of polysorbate 80 and phenol red, they cause the solution to change color, so this is used as a test to identify the phenotype of a strain or isolate
On RODAC agar plates used in microbiological control, polysorbate 80 counteracts disinfectants often found on sampled surfaces, thereby allowing the microbes found on these surfaces to grow
Polysorbate 80 , known by the code number E433 , is a food additive from the emulsifier family.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is an excipient of animal or plant origin, widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics.
This synthetic compound is a viscous, water-soluble yellow liquid.
CHEMISTRY OF POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) :
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid.
The hydrophilic groups in this compound are polyethers also known as polyoxyethylene groups, which are polymers of ethylene oxide.
In the nomenclature of polysorbates, the numeric designation following polysorbate refers to the lipophilic group, in this case, the oleic acid (see polysorbate for more detail).
The full chemical names for polysorbate 80 are:
Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate
(x)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
The critical micelle concentration of polysorbate 80 in pure water is reported as 0.012 mM.[3]
CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80)
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) has the following characteristics:
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is soluble in water
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) belongs to the polysorbate family and is classified among the texturing agents
Its use in organic food products is not authorized
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) does not contain any allergens
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is considered to have moderate toxicity
The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is set at 25 mg/kg/day
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is allowed in diets for diabetics
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) can sometimes be found in special diets such as Halal and Kosher products and culinary preparations for vegetarians, vegans and vegans.
IN WHAT FOODS IS POLYSORBATE 80 FOUND?
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is found in the following types of foods:
• Flavored dairy products
• Coconut milk
• Broths and soups
• Wheat flour-based preparations such as biscuits and cakes
• The ICES
• Chewing gum
• Sauces for salads
• Certain fortified foods such as food supplements
Polysorbates are synthetic products made from sorbitol ( E420 ) in a three-step process.
Water is first removed from the sorbitol to form a sorbitan, which is then partially esterified with a natural fatty acid such as lauric (regarding E432), oleic (ecqc. E433), palmitic (ecqc . E434) or stearic (ecqc. E435, E436) — cf. E570 fatty acids .
Finally, ethylene oxide is added in the presence of a catalyst to give polysorbate [ 25,28 ].
Polysorbates E430 to E436 contain fatty acids almost always derived from vegetable oils, but the use of animal fats, particularly pork fats, is not excluded and remains at the discretion of the producer
Polysorbate 80, also called tween 80 or E433, is an additive made from sorbitol.
Acting as a texturing agent, polysorbate 80 is also a stabilizer, a synthetic thickener and an emulsifier.
In the form of a lemon yellow oily liquid, polysorbate 80 is present in many everyday products.
Indeed, polysorbate 80 composes several products including coconut milk, broths and soups, biscuits and cakes, chocolates and ice creams.
Furthermore, polysorbate 80 is also present in animal feed as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
BENEFITS OF POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) :
You can find Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) in watery concoctions like room sprays, body sprays, and hand washes.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is used to disperse oils evenly so they don’t separate in shampoos, conditioners, face washes, lipsticks, etc.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is the reason behind the creaminess of your products.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) boosts rinse off and adds extra strength to your other surfactants.
Seldom it is used as a food additive in wines and ice-creams.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is used in sauces to keep their texture smooth.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also used to improve the consistency of gel capsules and to make the pills disperse in the stomach.
Polysorbate 80 is a super emulsifier and stabilizer that mixes two or more not compatible ingredients not separate, usually oil and water.
Commonly used in food and cosmetics, also with a little application in medicines, vaccines and others.
Food:
Food grade Polysorbate 80 helps water-based liquids and oils-based ingredients mixed together easily. Its common food applications are in ice cream, pickles, vitamins and sauce.
Let’s see its various functions in food.
• Ice cream
• Provide a creamy texture
• Hold fat and water together (or maintain the shape) very well
• Prevent ice crystals formation
• Make ice cream resistant to melt
• Pickles
• As a solubilizer to disperse food flavors and colors.
• Vitamin supplements
As a solubilizing and dispersing agent in fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin-mineral preparations.
Butter sauce:
Polysorbate 80 produces the creamy sauce; enables butter and water not separate; makes the milk solids, salts, flavors, colors and other ingredients distributed evenly in the sauce.
Cosmetics:
Cosmetic grade polysorbate 80 functions as a denaturant, emulsifying, surfactant (5) in cosmetics and personal care products to help blend oil and water.
For the strong hydrophilicity, it can distribute colors (e.g. incorporate mica), fragrances, oils and other ingredients evenly in bath bombs, creams and soaps.
The following products may contain polysorbate 80:
• Bath bombs
• Shampoo
• Body butter
• Soap
• Pharmaceutical
EP/USP/NF grade polysorbate 80 can be used as an excipient that acts as an emulsifier, solubilizing agent or suspension stabilizer in various pharmaceutical formulations, such as in the dosage forms of solid, semi-solid and liquid. (6)
Others:
Polysorbate 80 can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in various vaccines (7), as a lubricant in eye drops. (8)
Approved uses:
Its application is listed together with other polysorbates: polysorbate 20 (E432), 40(E434), 60(E435), 65(E436), with the maximum usages 500-1000mg/kg.
Its usage is “quantum satis” in power or liquid food supplements (not for infants and young children).
The following food may contain it (11):
Flavoured fermented milk products
Milk and cream analogues
Fat emulsions for baking
Sugar confectionery
Chewing gum
Decorations, coatings and fillings
Fine bakery wares
Soups, sauces
Desserts
HOW POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) WORKS-
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) works by breaking the water tension of the surface to allow the lifting of dirt and oil.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) acts as an emulsifier to improve the consistency of any product.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) acts as a solubilizer that blends all the ingredients.
CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) :
As a food additive, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is added up to 0.5% concentration.
In bath and body products, the recommended concentration is up to 2%.
For other industrial purposes, the concentration can go up to 20%.
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is soluble in both water and oil.
HOW TO USE POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) :
To the heated oil phase add our polysorbate 80.
Stir and dissolve Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) completely.
Once Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) cools down to room temperature add water.
Keep agitating constantly until an emulsion forms.
HOW IS POLYSORBATE 80 MADE?
Polysorbates (20,40, 60, 65, 80) are the ethoxylated sorbitan esters which are manufactured by the reaction among sorbitol, a specific fatty acid, and ethylene oxide (an average of 20 polymerized ethylene oxide per molecule of polysorbate 80).
The fatty acid used for the production of polysorbate 80 is oleic acid.
Let’s see its two raw materials.
Sorbitol :
It is a sugar alcohol produced by the reduction reaction (or hydrogenation) of glucose which is obtained from maize or tapioca starch.
Oleic Acid:
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid naturally found in animal fats & oils and vegetable oils.
Commercial food grade oleic acid is not pure and is a mixture of several fatty acids.
Like other fatty acids, oleic acid also present in nature commonly in the form of triglycerides.
The following are the vegetable oils high with oleic acid (1):
• Olive oil (2)
• Pecan oil
• Canola oil
• Peanut oil
• Macadamia oil
• Sunflower oil
• Grape seed oil
• Sea buckthorn oil
• Sesame oil
• Poppyseed oil
• Manufacturing process
According to the FDA, there are generally two steps in the manufacturing process of polysorbate 80 (3):
Esterification between oleic acid and sorbitol to obtain sorbitan esters.
Condensation sorbitan esters with ethylene oxide.
Polysorbate 80 can also be produced by reacting sorbitol and ethylene oxide first then esterified with oleic acid, the following are the brief flow chart (4):
Obtaining the mixture of sorbitol and sorbitan by partially dehydrating sorbitol.
Adding ethylene oxide to the mixture to obtain sorbitan polyethylene ether.
Reacting it with oleic acid.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL
Chemical formula C64H124O26
Molar mass 1310 g/mol
Appearance Amber colored oil
Density 1.102 g/mL
Boiling point > 100°C
Solubility in water 100 mL/L[2]
Solubility in other solvents soluble in ethanol, cottonseed oil, corn oil, ethyl acetate, methanol, toluene
Viscosity 300–500 centistokes (@25°C)
Main function
Texturing Agent
Family
Polysorbates
Examples of job products
Flavored dairy products, coconut milk, ice cream, food supplements, chewing gum, pastries, broths and soups, sauces in particular
Properties
Appearance
A viscous, lemon to amber-colored oily liquid at 25°C.
Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance (HLB)
15, gives oil-in-water emulsions, O/W
Viscosity
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is also a viscosity agent with the viscosity 300–500 centistokes (@25°C).
Solubility
In Water
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is Soluble in water due to the long polyoxyethylene chains.
In Organic Solvents
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) is Soluble in most solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and toluene.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBİTAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
