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Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 (PVP K 90), also known as Povidone K 90, is a high molecular weight, water-soluble polymer derived from N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer.
It is widely utilized across various industries due to its unique physicochemical properties.
Chemical Identity
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
Synonyms: PVP K 90, Polyvidone K 90, Povidone K 90, Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]
Molecular Formula: (C₆H₉NO)ₙ
Average Molecular Weight: Approximately 360,000
Appearance: White to off-white, hygroscopic powder
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform; insoluble in ether and hydrocarbons
Density: Approximately 1.2 g/cm³
Melting Point: 150–180°C (glass transition temperature)
Synthesis and Structure
PVP K 90 is synthesized through the free radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone.
The polymerization process results in a linear, non-ionic structure characterized by a lactam ring, contributing to its high polarity and ability to form complexes with various substances.
This structure imparts PVP K 90 with excellent film-forming, adhesive, and complexing properties.
Physicochemical Properties
Hygroscopicity: PVP K 90 exhibits superior hygroscopicity compared to other nonionic, water-soluble polymers, allowing it to absorb moisture effectively.
Viscosity Stability: It maintains stable viscosity in aqueous solutions even with variations in salt concentration or pH.
Adhesion: Demonstrates excellent adhesion to various substrates, including PET, nylon, and flexible PVC films.
Heat Resistance: Offers superior heat resistance compared to other nonionic, water-soluble polymers.
Hydrophilicity: Enhances the hydrophilicity of resin surfaces when incorporated, as observed in PET films.
Dispersion Ability: Effectively disperses materials like carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Applications
Pharmaceutical Industry
Binders: Utilized in tablet formulations to improve mechanical strength and stability.
Solubilizers: Enhances the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Stabilizers: Prevents degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Film Coatings: Provides protective coatings for tablets and capsules.
Cosmetics and Personal Care
Film Formers: Imparts a smooth, glossy finish in products like hair gels and sunscreens.
Stabilizers: Maintains the consistency and efficacy of cosmetic formulations.
Moisturizers: Helps retain moisture in skin and hair care products.
Industrial Applications
Adhesives: Serves as a key component in glue sticks and other adhesive products.
Dispersants: Improves the dispersion of pigments and fillers in inks and coatings.
Binders: Used in the production of ceramics and fiberglass.
Polishing Solutions: Employed in semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Cleaning Solutions: Aids in the formulation of cleaning agents.
Food and Beverage
Stabilizers: Enhances the texture and stability of food products.
Clarifying Agents: Used in the clarification of beverages like wine and beer.
Coatings: Applied as a coating agent for food products.
Biomedical and Laboratory Use
Cryoprotectants: Protects biological samples during freezing.
DNA Extraction: Assists in the extraction of DNA by binding to polyphenols.
Microscopy: Serves as a mounting medium in microscopy.
In Vitro Fertilization: Used to slow down spermatozoa during procedures like ICSI.
Safety and Regulatory Status
PVP K 90 is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
It is non-toxic, non-ionic, and biocompatible.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated its safety as a food additive (E1201) and concluded that it does not pose a risk to human health when used in accordance with specified conditions.
Storage and Handling
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Packaging: Typically available in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.
Handling Precautions: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling to avoid inhalation or prolonged skin contact.
Conclusion
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications across various industries.
Its unique physicochemical properties, such as high molecular weight, water solubility, and excellent film-forming capabilities, make it an invaluable component in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial products, and more.
Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and enhance the performance of PVP K 90 in existing uses.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 90
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
