Quick Search
otassium Monopersulfate is an inorganic peroxy salt that occurs as a triple salt of composition 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄ and is identified by the registry entries CAS No 70693-62-8 and EC No 274-778-7. It occurs as white, odorless, free-flowing crystals or granules, is readily soluble in water, and its solution is acidic. It is a strong chlorine-free oxidizer; its typical active oxygen content is approx. 4.7 percent.
Known as the potassium salt of Caro’s acid, this compound owes its activity to the HSO₅⁻ anion. This ion oxidizes the components of the medium as it accepts two electrons and is reduced to sulfate; its standard potential is approx. +1.81 to +1.85 V. It decomposes slowly in the solid state, and the triple salt structure provides this stability.
Sold under the names Oxone and Caroat, the product is used in pool water shock treatment, disinfectants, paper, printed circuit, textile and wastewater applications. Its acidic and corrosive nature, its decomposition in the presence of moisture and its sensitivity to transition metals are important in selection. This product can be supplied from ATAMAN KİMYA; for technical information and supply requests, it is recommended to contact ATAMAN KİMYA.
WHAT IS POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE?
Potassium Monopersulfate is an inorganic oxidizer that contains the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid and is supplied commercially as a triple salt. The three salts crystallize together in a 2:1:1 ratio: two moles of potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate, one mole of potassium hydrogen sulfate and one mole of potassium sulfate.
The active species is KHSO₅, and it is present in commercial products at approx. 42–48 percent by weight. The remainder consists of bisulfate and sulfate; these salts show no oxidizing effect but keep the crystal stable and free-flowing. Because pure KHSO₅ is unstable in a moist environment, the commercial product is manufactured as a triple salt.
The substance is not extracted from a natural raw material. Caro’s acid is obtained from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a strong sulfur acid; this acid is neutralized with a potassium base and crystallized. Peroxymonosulfuric acid takes its name from its discoverer, Heinrich Caro.
Potassium Monopersulfate does not contain chlorine, bromine or other halogens. For this reason it is used as an alternative to hypochlorite and chlorine compounds in applications where the formation of adsorbable organic halides, chloramines and trihalomethanes must be avoided. It should be remembered, however, that it can form chlorine in the presence of chloride.
The product is acidic and corrosive. It is sold under trade names such as Oxone, Caroat and Kybreak, and it is also a component of ready-made mixtures such as pool shock products and disinfectant powders. These mixtures do not have the same properties as raw Potassium Monopersulfate.
For this reason, the term “monopersulfate” alone is not sufficient when selecting a product. The active KHSO₅ content, active oxygen, moisture, particle size and level of documentation should be evaluated together. The product should not be confused with potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or sodium percarbonate.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE:
Potasyum Monopersülfat
Potassium Monopersulfate
Potasyum peroksimonosülfat
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Potasyum peroksomonosülfat
Potassium peroxomonosulfate
Potasyum hidrojen peroksimonosülfat
Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate
Potasyum monopersülfat üçlü tuzu
Potassium monopersulfate triple salt
Potasyum karoat
Potassium caroate
Caro asidinin potasyum tuzu
Pentapotasyum bis(peroksimonosülfat) bis(sülfat)
Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
Trihidrojen pentapotasyum di(peroksomonosülfat) di(sülfat)
Potasyum peroksimonosülfat sülfat
MPS
KMPS
PMPS
Oxone
Caroat
Kybreak
Monopersulfate de potassium
Peroxymonosulfate de potassium
Kaliumperoxomonosulfat
Monopersulfato de potasio
2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Most of these names refer to the same triple salt in different spellings and languages. The words peroxymonosulfate, peroxomonosulfate and monopersulfate express the same HSO₅⁻ anion; monopersulfate is used more often in trade, and peroxymonosulfate more often in the scientific literature.
Oxone and Caroat are trade names; the name Oxone appears on LANXESS product pages and the name Caroat in United Initiators documents. MPS, KMPS and PMPS are abbreviations. Although trade names describe the same chemical structure, the grade, particle size and additives may vary by manufacturer.
Care should also be taken with the CAS number. 70693-62-8 identifies the triple salt and 10058-23-8 identifies only the KHSO₅ component; 37222-66-5 is used by some suppliers for the same product with a simplified formula. In purchase requests, it should be stated clearly which number is meant.
Similarity in product names can be misleading. Potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈, CAS No 7727-21-1), sodium persulfate (CAS No 7775-27-1) and ammonium persulfate (CAS No 7727-54-0) are different substances. Sodium percarbonate (CAS No 15630-89-4), in turn, is an adduct of carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
In persulfates, two sulfate groups are joined by a peroxide bond, and in most cases an activation step is needed to generate radicals. In monopersulfate, by contrast, the peroxide group is bonded to a single sulfate and can transfer oxygen directly in a two-electron step. Persulfates are also respiratory and skin sensitizers.
Ready-made disinfectants such as Virkon S and pool shock products are mixtures that contain Potassium Monopersulfate. These products may contain surfactants, organic acids and fillers and should not be sold with the same identification data as the solid product. Some manufacturers also offer liquid formulations; whether a solid or a liquid form is required should be stated separately in the request.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Product name: Potassium Monopersulfate / Potasyum Monopersülfat
Common abbreviation: MPS, KMPS, PMPS
Chemical name: Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate) bis(sulfate); potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate
INCI name: Potassium Caroate
CAS No: 70693-62-8 (triple salt); 10058-23-8 for the active component KHSO₅
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄; empirically H₃K₅O₁₈S₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol (triple salt); 152.2 g/mol for the active component KHSO₅
Chemical class: Inorganic peroxy salt; triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Main functions: Chlorine-free oxidizer, active substance of disinfectants, pool water shock oxidizer, wet-strength resin remover, copper micro-etching oxidizer, bleaching component, oxidizing agent for contaminants, reagent for organic synthesis
The substance is registered under REACH; the registration number is given in supplier safety data sheets. It has also been evaluated in Europe as a biocidal active substance.
The form of the product should be taken into account when identification data are given. The number 70693-62-8 is used for the solid triple salt; ready-made mixtures and solutions may be classified separately. The CAS number is necessary to match the product with the correct substance, but on its own it does not show that the product is suitable for a particular application.
The existence of an INCI name does not mean that the product can automatically be used in cosmetics. Potassium Monopersulfate is also not a food additive; for this reason it carries no food additive number.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Potassium Monopersulfate is an ionic salt in which potassium cations (K⁺) and three different anions, namely the HSO₅⁻, HSO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻ ions, are present together in the crystal lattice. The crystal contains one HSO₄⁻ and one SO₄²⁻ ion for every two HSO₅⁻ ions; the charge is balanced by five potassium ions.
In the peroxymonosulfate ion, the active anion, the sulfur atom is bonded in a tetrahedral arrangement to three oxygens and one peroxide oxygen. An –O–O–H group sits at the end of the chain. Unlike sulfuric acid, this group gives the substance its oxidizing property.
Sulfur is hexavalent; the peroxide oxygens, on the other hand, are in the –1 oxidation state. These oxygens tend to drop to the stable –2 state. The length of the peroxide bond is approx. 1.46 Å, and because this bond is weak, oxygen transfer is easy.
The sulfur–oxygen bonds have covalent character, while the bonds between potassium and the anions are ionic. For this reason the substance is an ionic crystal; thanks to its high polarity it dissolves readily in water and dissolves little or reacts in organic solvents.
The acid-base character comes from two sources. The hydrogen sulfate ion is a moderately strong acid and gives the aqueous solution an acidic reaction. The second proton dissociation of the peroxymonosulfate ion occurs at about pH 9–9.4. For this reason the pH of the product in solution is approx. 2–2.3.
In the solid triple salt, the sulfate and bisulfate ions fix the crystal by separating the peroxide groups from one another and forming hydrogen bonds. This structure provides slower decomposition than the KHSO₅ salt alone. Under recommended conditions the loss is below 0.5 percent per month.
Stability in solution depends on pH. Solutions are relatively stable in acidic media; stability falls above pH 7 and reaches its lowest level at about pH 9. At this point HSO₅⁻ and the dissociated SO₅²⁻ species decompose one another and oxygen is released.
Transition metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese and copper accelerate decomposition. These metals can break the peroxide bond and generate sulfate and peroxymonosulfate radicals. This property is used deliberately in advanced oxidation processes, whereas in storage it is a factor to be avoided.
The structural factors that determine participation in reactions can be summarized under three headings. The first is the weak and electrophilic peroxide oxygen at the end. The second is that the leaving group is a stable sulfate. The third is the pH of the medium and the presence of transition metals, halides and reducing agents.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
General technical specifications:
Values may vary depending on the manufacturer, grade and measurement method; the information below is for general informational purposes and does not replace manufacturer-specific TDS and SDS documents.
Physical appearance: White or off-white, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder
Chemical character: Chlorine-free, strong and selective oxidizer; acidic triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol
CAS No: 70693-62-8
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Purity (assay): For the active component KHSO₅, one manufacturer’s specification gives a minimum of 42.8 percent and a typical value of approx. 44.7–45 percent. Some laboratory grades report a range of 42–48 percent. These are specification limits and typical values that depend on the grade and the manufacturer
Active oxygen: Minimum 4.5 percent; typical approx. 4.7 percent; theoretical value for the pure triple salt 5.2 percent. For some reagent grades the lower limit is given as 4.0 percent
Density: Approx. 2.3–2.35 g/cm³ for the solid (20 °C); a value of 1.98 is also seen in one source
Bulk density: Approx. 1.1–1.4 g/cm³ (1100–1400 kg/m³) depending on the grade
Solubility in water: In most documents approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C; one manufacturer’s table gives 106 g/L at 0 °C, 277 g/L at 20 °C, 357 g/L at 40 °C and 387 g/L at 60 °C
pH (aqueous solution): Depends on concentration; approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution at 25 °C, approx. 2.0 in a 3 percent solution and approx. 1.6 in a 10 percent solution
Decomposition: The solid product may begin to decompose above approx. 60–70 °C; the self-accelerating decomposition temperature is above 80 °C for the dry product and falls to 65 °C at 3.6 percent moisture. The heat of decomposition is approx. 251 kJ/kg
Moisture: By its nature it is affected by moisture; for one manufacturer the typical moisture is below 0.1 percent and the specification limit is below 0.3 percent
Iron (Fe) content: One manufacturer’s typical value is below 20 mg/kg; another technical document gives below 3 mg/kg. The value depends on the manufacturer
Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, etc.): One manufacturer’s typical limits are below 0.1 mg/kg for copper, 0.3 for chromium, 0.2 for manganese and 2 for zinc; no data were found for lead. These metals are important because they accelerate decomposition
Reactivity: It is a strong oxidizer; it reacts with reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, heavy metal salts and metal powders. Chlorine may form in a chloride-containing medium, and hydrogen cyanide with cyanide in an acidic medium. Moisture accelerates decomposition and heating
Short Description of Physical Properties
Potassium Monopersulfate is stable in dry, cool and tightly closed packaging. Although some values in data sheets may look inconsistent at first glance, most of the differences come from the grade, the measurement conditions or the source of the document.
For solubility, most documents give 250–300 g/L at 20 °C. Because the potassium sulfate in the triple salt is less soluble, it may precipitate above saturation, while KHSO₅ remains dissolved in the solution. The very low values seen in some documents mostly belong to ready-made mixtures.
Density and bulk density are separate properties. The density of the crystal itself is approx. 2.3 g/cm³. Bulk density also includes the space between particles and is therefore markedly lower; it is the figure used in storage and dosing calculations.
The decomposition temperature varies from document to document between 60 and 300 °C. This difference arises from gradual decomposition, moisture and impurity effects rather than from a single physical constant. From a safety standpoint, the deciding value is the self-accelerating decomposition temperature.
Because the pH value changes with concentration, it should not be given as a single value without stating the measurement conditions. Metal content, moisture and specification limits depend on production and purification quality; they should always be checked against the manufacturer’s TDS and COA documents.
HOW DOES POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
When Potassium Monopersulfate dissolves in water, it dissociates into K⁺, HSO₅⁻, HSO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻ ions. The oxidizing effect is shown by HSO₅⁻. In an acidic medium it accepts two electrons and is reduced to bisulfate: HSO₅⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → HSO₄⁻ + H₂O. The standard potential is approx. +1.81 to +1.85 V.
The reaction mostly proceeds as a single-step, two-electron oxygen transfer. The target molecule attacks the peroxide oxygen at the end; a stable sulfate ion leaves and the oxygen passes to the target. Because free radical formation is not required, the reaction rate is generally predictable.
In the reaction with halides, active halogen species form from bromide and chloride: HSO₅⁻ + Cl⁻ → HSO₄⁻ + OCl⁻. For this reason, in chloride-containing waters the product may behave like an additional source of chlorine. The same property may also lead to unwanted halogenated compounds in chloride-containing wastewater.
On a copper surface, the reaction is Cu + HSO₅⁻ + 2H⁺ → Cu²⁺ + HSO₄⁻ + H₂O. The metal dissolves, and oxide and organic residues are cleaned away. Because the dissolved copper does not markedly catalyze decomposition, bath life and etch rate remain more predictable.
With cyanide, sulfide and organic sulfur compounds, oxidation proceeds step by step. Cyanide is converted to cyanate, sulfide and mercaptans to sulfate or sulfur, and sulfides to sulfoxide and sulfone. Amines and ammonia derivatives can also be oxidized. This effect is used in odor removal and in the removal of toxic anions.
In disinfection, the oxidizing effect concentrates on the cell membrane, proteins and nucleic acids of the microorganism. Cell components are oxidized and viability is lost. Efficacy depends on concentration, contact time, temperature and the organic load of the medium.
In wet-strength resins of the polyamine-epichlorohydrin type, the chains are broken down by oxidation. When the bonds break, the fibers separate from one another and the paper turns into pulp. The same oxidation also opens up the color-bearing groups in the paper.
In organic synthesis, the product reacts with ketones to form a highly reactive intermediate called a dioxirane. The dioxirane transfers oxygen to alkenes to produce epoxides. In Shi epoxidation with a fructose-derived ketone, the medium is held at approx. pH 10.5 and 0 °C.
In the presence of transition metals, particularly cobalt, and also iron, manganese and copper, HSO₅⁻ breaks at the peroxide bond to form the sulfate radical (SO₄•⁻) and the peroxymonosulfate radical. These radicals form the basis of advanced oxidation processes that break down organic contaminants.
The same effect is an unwanted decomposition pathway in storage. For this reason the product should not be brought into contact with metal containers, rust and dust, and solutions should be prepared with water free of catalyst metals.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE USED?
Potassium Monopersulfate is used in many fields where a chlorine-free oxidizer is needed. In these fields, which range from pool water to the paper industry and from printed circuit production to wastewater treatment, the basic function is oxidation. The main sectors and functions are given below.
Pool and spa water
It is used as a chlorine-free shock oxidizer. By oxidizing sweat, cosmetic residues and organic waste that accumulate in the water, it keeps the water clear and helps the disinfectant remain free. It is not a disinfectant or an algaecide.
Disinfection and hygiene
It is the active substance of ready-made disinfectant powders. It is used on hospital and laboratory hard surfaces, in animal houses, in foot baths and in equipment dipping operations.
Paper and pulp
In the broke and recycled pulps of wet-strength products such as packaging, towel and tissue paper, it helps dissolve fibers by breaking down wet-strength resins. It is a chlorine-free option.
Electronics and printed circuits
It is used as an oxidizer in the micro-etching of copper surfaces. It roughens the surface and cleans away oxide and organic residues, preparing a suitable surface for the subsequent plating and lamination steps.
Textiles
It smooths the surface of wool fibers and reduces felting and shrinkage. It also has a bleaching effect. Its lower risk of yellowing compared with chlorine-based methods is the basis for this use.
Laundry, cleaning and denture cleaning
It is used as an oxygen-based bleaching component in laundry bleaches, cleaning products and effervescent denture cleaning tablets. It oxidizes food residues and organic stains.
Wastewater, odor control and mining
It is used in the oxidation of streams containing sulfide, mercaptan, amine and cyanide. In mining, it is used for cyanide removal and in some metal separation processes. Being halogen-free, it reduces the risk of halogenated by-products in wastewater.
Water treatment and advanced oxidation
When activated with metals, heat, light or carbon-based materials, it is investigated and applied in the degradation of contaminants as a source that generates sulfate radicals.
Laboratory and organic synthesis
It is used as a reagent in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxide and sulfone and of aldehydes to carboxylic acids or esters, in epoxidation and Baeyer–Villiger reactions, and in analytical work.
Agriculture and livestock hygiene
It is used in the disinfection of animal houses such as poultry houses and farms and in the hygiene of animal drinking water. The use rate and conditions depend on biocidal legislation.
For each of these fields, the grade, documents and regulatory compliance of the product should be evaluated separately.
IS POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetic applications
Limited. The name Potassium Caroate is listed in the CosIng database with an oxidizing function; however, it is not a common ingredient in cosmetic formulations. The oxidizers used as boosters in hair lighteners are mostly ammonium, potassium and sodium persulfates, which are different substances.
The substance corrodes skin and eyes. If cosmetic use is being considered, the legal status, the safety assessment and the persulfate impurity should be examined separately. For this reason, it cannot be said that the product can be used as a cosmetic raw material.
It is used as a bleaching component in denture cleaning and oral care products. The legal classification of these products varies by country and depends on the specific formulation of the product.
Food applications
No. Potassium Monopersulfate is not a food additive, has no E number and cannot be added directly to food.
Indirect uses relate to surface hygiene. In Europe it has been evaluated as a biocidal active substance for the disinfection of surfaces in food and feed areas and for the hygiene of animal drinking water.
The selective removal of unwanted bacteria in yeast-based processes is also mentioned in manufacturer documents. This is a use as a processing aid and does not mean that residues may be present in the final product.
Pharmaceutical applications
No. Potassium Monopersulfate is not used as a pharmaceutical active substance or excipient.
It can be used as the active substance of hard-surface disinfectants in hospitals and laboratories and as an oxidizing reagent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. These uses are not pharmaceutical formulations.
The use of a chemical for disinfection or analysis does not mean that it can be used as a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical ingredient.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
The industrial use of Potassium Monopersulfate rests on its being a chlorine-free oxidizer that works at a manageable rate. The headings below describe the function of the product, the reasons it is preferred and its limits, application by application.
Pool and spa water shock treatment
The product oxidizes organic contaminants that accumulate in the water, keeps the water clear and makes it easier for the disinfectant to remain free. The absence of chlorine odor, chloramines and trihalomethanes, the fact that it is not degraded by ultraviolet light and that it allows swimming after a short time are presented as reasons for preferring it.
The limitation is that the product is not a disinfectant; it must be used together with a licensed disinfectant. It also causes falsely high readings in the DPD total chlorine test. Neutralizing agents or test kits compatible with monopersulfate are used to eliminate this effect. Alternatives include hypochlorite and sodium percarbonate.
Disinfection and biocidal applications
Potassium Monopersulfate is the main component of ready-made disinfectant powders of the Virkon type. In these powders, between 30 and 60 percent monopersulfate is present together with surfactant, organic acid and sulfamic acid. It is used in hospitals, laboratories and animal houses.
In the EU assessment, use levels of approx. 5 g/L for surface disinfection and approx. 8 g/L for animal houses and foot baths were envisaged. Efficacy falls on soiled surfaces; cleaning is needed first. Alternatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, peracetic acid and chlorine compounds.
Paper and pulp
The product oxidizes polyamine-epichlorohydrin and similar wet-strength resins, allowing broke paper and packaging waste to turn into pulp. According to manufacturer documents, these resins can break down in less than 30 minutes at approx. 60 °C.
Compared with hypochlorite, it does not form chlorinated organic by-products and has a lower corrosive effect. Because the product is acidic, pH control may be needed. Dose and time are determined by the paper type; alternatives are hypochlorite, persulfate–carbonate mixtures and alkaline treatment.
Electronics and printed circuits
In copper micro-etching, it lightly etches the surface, removes oxide and organic residue, and creates an adhesion surface for subsequent plating and lamination. Because of the two-electron reaction, dissolved copper does not accelerate decomposition and the etch rate remains predictable.
In manufacturer comparisons, it is stated to give a more uniform copper grain structure than sodium persulfate. Sodium persulfate, in turn, has a price advantage. Hydrogen peroxide–sulfuric acid systems are also an option. In baths with a high copper load, specially balanced products may be needed.
Textiles
It is used to smooth the cuticle surface of wool fibers and thereby reduce felting and shrinkage. Increased brightness, no yellowing and a softer handle are the reasons it is preferred.
The process must be controlled carefully to avoid fiber damage. Alternatives are chlorine-based treatments, enzymes and plasma methods; chlorine-based methods carry a halogenated waste problem.
Laundry, cleaning and denture cleaning
The product is used as an oxygen-based bleach in laundry and cleaning formulations. In denture cleaning tablets it oxidizes food residues and organic stains; it provides effervescence together with perborate monohydrate at a weight ratio of approx. 3:1 in weakly alkaline tablets and together with bicarbonate in neutral or weakly acidic systems.
Because moisture and alkaline components reduce the stability of the product in the tablet, dry manufacture and suitable packaging are needed. Alternatives are sodium percarbonate and organic peroxyacids.
Wastewater, odor and cyanide removal
It is used in odor control by oxidizing sulfide, sulfite, amines and mercaptans. Because it can also break down heavy metal cyanides other than iron and gold complexes, it is considered for cyanide removal in mining.
Being halogen-free reduces the risk of halogenated compounds in wastewater. For cyanide, alkaline conditions and controlled pH are needed; in an acidic medium, toxic hydrogen cyanide may be released. Alternatives are hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and permanganate.
Advanced oxidation and organic synthesis
Monopersulfate activated with metals, light, heat or carbon-based catalysts is used in the degradation of contaminants by generating sulfate radicals. The release of catalyst metals into waters and the formation of halogenated by-products in halide-containing waters are limitations.
In the laboratory it is a suitable, inexpensive and easy-to-handle reagent for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxide and sulfone and of aldehydes to acids or esters, and for epoxide formation. Alternatives are peroxy acids and hydrogen peroxide systems.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Potassium Monopersulfate is a strong oxidizer that is acidic and corrosive. It is affected by moisture and metals. The main points to bear in mind during use are:
• A grade suitable for the intended use should be selected. Between technical, free-flowing, fine or granular, and reagent grades there are differences in KHSO₅ content, moisture and particle size
• The active content should be verified from the document. In dose calculations the KHSO₅ content or the active oxygen value should be used as the basis, and ready-made mixtures should not be confused with the raw product
• The product should be protected from moisture. Moisture accelerates decomposition and heating; an opened package should be closed immediately, and leftover product should not be returned to the main package
• Solutions should be prepared immediately before use. When a solution is kept for a long time, the active content decreases; above pH 7, and especially around pH 9, decomposition accelerates
• Metal contamination should be avoided. Cobalt, nickel, manganese and copper accelerate decomposition; rust, dust and ash may also act as triggers. Plastic, stainless steel, glass or ceramic equipment should be preferred
• It should be kept away from incompatible substances. Dangerous reactions may occur on contact with reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, metal powders, halides, cyanides and chlorine compounds
• It should not be mixed with chlorine products. Chlorine gas may form in the presence of chloride; in particular, pool products should be added separately and without mixing them dry
• When preparing a solution, the product should be added to the water under stirring. Dust formation should be prevented, and heating and foaming should be monitored
• Dust should not be inhaled and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. Chemical-resistant gloves, tightly fitting goggles or a face shield, protective clothing and, where necessary, particulate filter respiratory protection should be used
• Equipment corrosion should be monitored. Acidic solutions may corrode some metals, brass and copper alloys; gasket and pipe materials should be selected according to the manufacturer’s recommendation
• Environmental impact should be taken into account. The product is harmful to aquatic organisms; solutions should be released only after their oxidizing capacity has been removed and they have been brought into compliance with the conditions of the competent authorities
• The regulatory status should be verified. Uses that carry a disinfection claim are subject to biocidal legislation; licensing and notification obligations and chemicals legislation obligations in Türkiye should also be checked separately
This information is for general informational purposes and does not replace product-specific SDS and TDS documents.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Because Potassium Monopersulfate is a strong oxidizer and corrosive, no commercial recipe or process instruction is given in this section. The examples below are starting approaches prepared only to show how the product can be evaluated in dilute aqueous systems.
These are not validated commercial recipes, production instructions or final formulas that comply with regulations. The ratios given are example starting levels for laboratory preliminary trials, and the total of each formula is 100%.
The KHSO₅ content of the product used, the quality of the water, pH, temperature, metal ions and organic load can change the result. In every application, technical evaluation, occupational safety and relevant regulatory checks should be carried out, and the ratios should be reviewed by experts.
EXAMPLE 1: EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF A DILUTE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE WORKING SOLUTION FOR SURFACE HYGIENE
Purpose: To examine the effect of the concentration of a dilute Potassium Monopersulfate solution to be used on hard surfaces on oxidizing capacity, stability and surface compatibility.
Starting approach (Formula A, B and C):
Potassium Monopersulfate: approx. 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.0%
Demineralized water: approx. 99.5%, 99.2% and 99.0%
Application approach:
• The solution is prepared immediately before use, in a metal-free container and with demineralized water; the product is added to the water under stirring.
• The initial pH and the active oxygen content are measured by the iodometric method; the decomposition of the solution over time is monitored.
• Formula A represents a level close to approx. 5 g/L, and Formula C a level close to the approx. 1 percent working solutions of the Virkon type.
• The solution is checked with a compatibility trial on small areas of surfaces such as copper, brass, aluminum and rubber gaskets.
• Because organic load reduces efficacy, the surface is cleaned first; oxidizing capacity is then compared.
• A product that carries a disinfection efficacy claim requires the relevant biocidal license and test standards; this example is only a preliminary evaluation.
• During the work, tightly fitting goggles and gloves are used; the solution is not mixed with chlorine products.
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF THE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE DOSE FOR CHLORINE-FREE POOL SHOCK TREATMENT
Purpose: To examine the effect of the Potassium Monopersulfate dose on the oxidation of organic contaminants in pool water and on water clarity.
Starting approach (Formula A, B and C):
Potassium Monopersulfate: approx. 0.0012%, 0.0018% and 0.0024%; approx. 12, 18 and 24 g/m³ in pool water
Pool water: approx. 99.9988%, 99.9982% and 99.9976%
Application approach:
• The dose range corresponds to the 1–2 lb of product that labels give for a 10,000-gallon pool of approx. 38 m³.
• Before the trial, the disinfectant level, pH and alkalinity of the pool are measured; the product does not replace the disinfectant.
• The product is dissolved or sprinkled according to the manufacturer’s instructions and fed into the pool while circulation is running.
• Chlorine products are added separately; dry products are not mixed with one another.
• After dosing, the DPD total chlorine test may read falsely high; a neutralizing reagent is used, or the result is corrected according to the manufacturer’s guidance.
• Clarity, combined chlorine, free chlorine and the time until the pool is fit for swimming are monitored, and the formulas are compared.
• The granules and the concentrated solution corrode skin and eyes; tightly fitting goggles and gloves are used during the work.
EXAMPLE 3: EVALUATION OF THE POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE DOSE FOR REPULPING WET-STRENGTH PAPER
Purpose: To examine the effect of the oxidizer dose on dissolution time and fiber quality when wet-strength paper waste containing polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin is turned into pulp.
Starting approach (Formula A, B and C):
Wet-strength paper, dry matter: approx. 5.00%
Potassium Monopersulfate: approx. 0.05%, 0.15% and 0.25%; approx. 1%, 3% and 5% on dry paper
Water: approx. 94.95%, 94.85% and 94.75%
Application approach:
• The paper is broken into small pieces and mixed with water to a pulp consistency of approx. 5 percent.
• The mixture is heated to approx. 60 °C; according to manufacturer information, wet-strength resins can break down in less than 30 minutes at this temperature.
• The product is added under stirring; because it is acidic, the pH is monitored. In persulfate-based systems, a pH range of 8–11 has been reported to shorten the time; buffered and unbuffered trials are compared for this purpose.
• Dissolution time, fiber dispersion, screen reject and fiber strength are evaluated.
• The same paper sample is tested in parallel with a chlorine-free alkaline method and the results are compared.
• During the work, equipment corrosion is monitored; workers use tightly fitting goggles and gloves and avoid dust formation.
SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
An alternative to Potassium Monopersulfate does not simply mean choosing another oxidizer. When an alternative is determined, oxidizing strength, pH range, residue, safety, waste management, regulation and cost should be evaluated together.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND PERSULFATES
Sodium, potassium and ammonium persulfates are also inorganic peroxy salts and are used as polymerization initiators, printed circuit etchants and hair lightener boosters. When activated they generate strong radicals, and their standard potentials are higher than that of monopersulfate.
Persulfates are respiratory and skin sensitizers and in most applications require activation. Monopersulfate, by contrast, oxidizes directly without activation and may give a more uniform surface in etching. Persulfates are often more economical.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND SODIUM PERCARBONATE
Sodium percarbonate is an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. It gives an alkaline solution in water and releases hydrogen peroxide; it contains more active oxygen by weight and is used in laundry, cleaning and pool products.
Monopersulfate works in an acidic medium and oxidizes some organic substances faster. Percarbonate, in turn, is suitable for applications that require an alkaline medium. In transport, percarbonate is mostly classified as an oxidizing substance and monopersulfate as a corrosive substance.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid, leaves water and oxygen as residue and has a very wide field of application. Upon activation it can generate hydroxyl radicals.
The transport and storage of concentrated solutions require special precautions; the need for stabilizers and cold storage may arise. Solid, free-flowing Potassium Monopersulfate may offer an advantage where liquid handling is undesirable.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND PERACETIC ACID
Peracetic acid is a strong disinfectant effective over a wide pH range and is mainly sold as an equilibrium solution containing acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It has a sharp odor and is corrosive.
Because monopersulfate is in powder form, it can offer convenience in storage and distribution. Peracetic acid, on the other hand, may be preferred in applications where microbial efficacy is the priority and at low temperatures.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
Chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and trichloroisocyanuric acid are low-cost and strong disinfectants. On the other hand, they can form chloramines, trihalomethanes and adsorbable organic halides.
Monopersulfate reduces the formation of halogenated by-products, but it does not replace chlorine compounds in every application in terms of microbiological efficacy. In pools it is generally used together with chlorine or bromine.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer used in the removal of sulfide, iron and manganese and in odor control. Its purple color and manganese dioxide sludge are significant limitations.
Monopersulfate leaves no color or manganese dioxide sludge; however, it is acidic and can form active halogen in halide-containing waters. Chlorine dioxide, in turn, is a toxic gas generated on site and carries a different risk profile.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Quaternary ammonium compounds are surfactant-based disinfectants. They are not oxidizing, are stable and leave residue on surfaces. Monopersulfate powders, on the other hand, show a broad-spectrum oxidizing effect.
The choice should be made according to the target microorganism, the surface material, the organic load and the regulatory scope. No alternative is a one-to-one substitute in every system; performance testing and regulatory checks should be carried out in every case.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Even when sold under the same name, Potassium Monopersulfate differs in active content, moisture level and particle size depending on the manufacturer and grade. Because ready-made mixtures may also be offered under this name, it should first be clarified whether the product is the raw triple salt or a formulated mixture.
The main parameters that can be evaluated in the quality control and purchasing process:
• Active component and active oxygen: One manufacturer gives a minimum of 42.8 percent for KHSO₅ and a minimum of 4.5 percent for active oxygen. The percentage of KHSO₅ is calculated by dividing the percentage of active oxygen by 0.1053
• Analytical method: Active oxygen is mostly determined by reaction with potassium iodide in an acidic medium and titration with sodium thiosulfate. In mixtures, other peroxy components may affect the result, so the method should be clarified with the supplier
• Appearance: It should be a white, free-flowing crystal or granule. Caking, discoloration or moisture stains point to a quality problem
• Moisture: For one manufacturer the typical value is below 0.1 percent and the specification limit is below 0.3 percent. Moisture adversely affects decomposition and the self-accelerating decomposition temperature
• pH: A range of approx. 2.0–2.3 is expected in a 1 percent solution; the measurement concentration and temperature should be stated
• Solubility and insoluble matter: Dissolution rate depends on particle size; for one manufacturer the typical insoluble matter is below 10 mg/kg
• Particle size and bulk density: Determined by sieve analysis; they affect dust formation, dosing accuracy and dissolution rate. For one manufacturer, 90–100 percent of the particles are between 0.1 and 0.8 mm
• Metal impurities: Traces of iron, copper, chromium, manganese and zinc accelerate decomposition. For one manufacturer the typical limits are below 3 mg/kg for Fe, 0.1 for Cu, 0.3 for Cr, 0.2 for Mn and 2 for Zn
• Persulfate and additives: Some products may contain up to 3 percent potassium persulfate and up to 2 percent magnesium carbonate. Because persulfate is a sensitizer, its limit should be asked about
• Stability: In the solid product, a monthly loss of below 0.5 percent is expected under recommended conditions. For one manufacturer the shelf life is 12 months from delivery
• Documents: Batch-specific certificate of analysis, current SDS, TDS, REACH registration information, transport classification and the regulatory status for biocidal use
• Packaging and batch: For one manufacturer, 25 kg polyethylene bags and 1000 kg polypropylene big bags with polyethylene liners are seen. The batch number, production date and package integrity should be checked
The manufacturer’s typical values should be distinguished from binding product specifications. Typical values are generally for information; the specification in the purchase contract and the batch results on the certificate of analysis should be taken as the basis.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Potassium Monopersulfate is stable for a long time in dry, tightly closed packaging; however, it is a strong oxidizer and is corrosive. Storage conditions should be determined according to these properties.
• Temperature and location: Store in a cool, dry place, preferably below 30 °C. Temperatures above 35 °C, direct sunlight and heat sources are avoided
• Moisture: The package should be kept tightly closed and protected from wetting and contamination. Moisture lowers the self-accelerating decomposition temperature
• Packaging: Store in the original packaging with labels intact. Leftover product from an opened package should not be returned to the main package
• Incompatible substances: Do not store near reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, strong acids, heavy metal salts, metal powders, halides and cyanides
• Floor and material: Do not store on wooden floors or on combustible material. Plastic, stainless steel, glass and ceramic are compatible materials; rusty or metal-contaminated equipment should not be used
• Stacking: A gap of approx. 20–30 cm between pallets and no stacking of pallets on top of one another is recommended. Because large masses can trap heat, product piles should be kept small
• Fire safety: The product itself does not burn but supports combustion. It releases oxygen as it decomposes; contact with organic materials increases the fire risk
• Shelf life: For one manufacturer, 12 months from delivery is given. The monthly loss of activity is below 0.5 percent under recommended conditions; product kept for a long time can be retested before use
• Ventilation and dust: Dust formation should be prevented during transfer, the area should be well ventilated and local exhaust should be used
• Transport: In safety data sheets the number most often seen is UN 3260; its name is corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., class 8, packing group II. A different number such as UN 3084 also appears in one source
• Transport classification: These differences may depend on the product form, composition and document date. Ready-made disinfectant mixtures may be classified differently. Before shipment, the supplier’s current SDS and the applicable transport legislation should be taken as the basis
• During transport: Package integrity should be maintained, the product should not be loaded together with combustible and reducing materials, it should be protected from moisture, and in case of a spill it should be collected without creating dust
SAFETY INFORMATION ON POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
Potassium Monopersulfate is a corrosive and oxidizing substance. The classification in the safety data sheets of different manufacturers may differ; however, the classes of skin corrosion, serious eye damage and harmful if swallowed are commonly reported.
The information below is for general informational purposes and does not replace the manufacturer-specific safety data sheet. Each supplier’s own SDS should be taken into account.
Main safety topics:
• Hazard classes: Commonly reported are harmful if swallowed (H302), severe skin burns and eye damage (H314, H318) and long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life (H412). Some documents also include oxidizing solid (H272), respiratory and skin sensitization (H334, H317), respiratory irritation (H335) or H411
• Classification differences: The harmonized classification proposal being worked on in the EU additionally includes acute hazard to the aquatic environment and the statement corrosive to the respiratory tract (EUH071). Sensitization statements vary between documents depending on the persulfate impurity of the product
• Acute toxicity: The oral LD50 in rats is approx. 500 mg/kg; the dermal LD50 is reported as above 5000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC0 as above 5 mg/L
• Skin and eye contact: It can cause severe burns and permanent eye damage. In case of contact, contaminated clothing should be removed, skin and eyes should be rinsed with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, and medical help should be obtained
• Inhalation: Dust irritates and may corrode the respiratory tract. Allergic reactions are noted as possible in sensitive persons because of the persulfate impurity. The person should be taken to fresh air and medical help obtained if necessary
• Ingestion: The mouth should be rinsed, vomiting should not be induced, and the person should be given plenty of water to drink and taken immediately to a health facility or a poison information center (114 in Türkiye)
• Fire and reactivity: Not combustible but supports combustion. It releases oxygen as it decomposes; sulfur oxides may form in a fire. It can release chlorine with chloride and hydrogen cyanide with cyanide
• Occupational exposure: One SDS gives a derived no-effect level of 0.112 mg/m³ for workers for long-term local effects by inhalation. Some documents also cite a 0.1 mg/m³ ACGIH value for persulfates. Current limits in Türkiye should be checked separately
• Personal protective equipment: Nitrile or butyl rubber gloves, tightly fitting goggles or a face shield, protective clothing and, where dust forms, P3-class respiratory protection should be used
• Spills: It should be swept up without creating dust and collected in a separate plastic container; combustible absorbents should not be used. Small residues can be washed away with plenty of water
• Environment: Harmful to aquatic organisms; an EC50 of approx. 3.5 mg/L for Daphnia and an LC50 of approx. 53 mg/L for rainbow trout are reported. The product and concentrated solutions should not be released into the natural environment
• Waste: Leftover product and contaminated packaging should be managed as hazardous waste according to local legislation and should not be discharged to the sewer before the oxidizing capacity has been removed
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE?
To select the right product, the identity of the product must first be clearly determined. Because potassium monopersulfate can be confused with potassium persulfate, sodium percarbonate, ready-made disinfectant powders and pool shock products, a request that merely says “oxidizer” or “shock” is insufficient.
In the request, the product name Potassium Monopersulfate or Potasyum Monopersülfat, the CAS number 70693-62-8 and the EC number 274-778-7 should be stated together.
The main points to consider when buying:
• Intended use and regulation: The purpose and country of use of the product should be clarified; if there is a disinfection claim, the biocidal regulatory status should be verified together with the supplier
• Grade: Between technical, reagent, pool and disinfectant, electronics or paper industry grades there may be differences in KHSO₅ content, particle size and level of documentation
• Technical specifications: KHSO₅ or active oxygen, moisture, pH, bulk density, particle size, metal impurities and persulfate limits should be requested explicitly
• Form: The requirement for powder, granule or liquid formulation should be stated; dissolution rate and dust formation depend on this choice
• Packaging and logistics: Net quantity, moisture-protective packaging, pallet arrangement and labels and documents suitable for corrosive substance transport should be determined
• Batch consistency: The certificates of analysis and the physical appearance of successive batches should be compared
• Shelf life: The production date and remaining shelf life of the delivered product should be asked about
• Documents: SDS, TDS, COA, REACH information and, where necessary, a biocidal scope declaration should be requested
• Supplier’s technical support: Information support on safe handling, storage, dose calculation and application should be evaluated
• Origin and manufacturer: Transparency of manufacturer information and traceability may be requested
• Total cost of supply: In addition to the unit price, the active content, dose, packaging, storage, protective equipment and waste management costs should be calculated together
When comparing prices, one should look not only at the price per kilogram but also at the KHSO₅ content, grade, level of documentation and security of supply.
SUPPLY OF POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Potassium Monopersulfate is a product evaluated as a chlorine-free oxidizer in fields such as pool water, disinfection, paper, electronics, textiles and wastewater. There are product pages on the ATAMAN KİMYA website under the names Oxone, Oxone Potassium Monopersulfate and Caroat.
It is important for companies planning to buy the product to clarify the grade suitable for the intended use, the technical specifications, the regulatory conditions and the necessary documents before ordering.
Companies that want information about the supply of Potassium Monopersulfate from ATAMAN KİMYA can request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and price quotations by sharing their areas of use and technical needs.
The current stock status, origin, grade, KHSO₅ and active oxygen value, packaging, transport classification and the regulatory conditions for the intended use of the product should be confirmed from ATAMAN KİMYA before ordering.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request makes it easier to evaluate the right Potassium Monopersulfate product:
• Sector of use and final application
• Requested product name or grade: Oxone, Caroat or equivalent
• Required lower limit for KHSO₅ or active oxygen
• Requested form: powder or granule
• Limits for particle size, moisture and metal impurities
• Regulatory status for the intended use, for example biocidal use
• Process or application method used
• Estimated order quantity
• Requested packaging type
• Requested technical documents
• TDS or COA information of the current product, if available
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE
What is Potassium Monopersulfate?
Potassium Monopersulfate is a strong, chlorine-free oxidizer of composition 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄ that is white, odorless and water-soluble. It is used in pool water shock treatment, disinfectants, wet-strength paper repulping, copper micro-etching, textiles and wastewater treatment.
What does Potassium Monopersulfate mean?
The name monopersulfate refers to the HSO₅⁻ anion, in which the peroxide group is bonded to a single sulfate group. The same anion is also called peroxymonosulfate. The triple salt is known in trade by the names Oxone and Caroat.
What is the CAS number of Potassium Monopersulfate?
The CAS number of the triple salt is 70693-62-8. 10058-23-8 is used only for the active component KHSO₅; some suppliers also give the number 37222-66-5 for the same product.
What is the EC / EINECS number of Potassium Monopersulfate?
The EC number is 274-778-7.
What is the chemical formula of Potassium Monopersulfate?
The formula of the triple salt is 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄ and its molecular weight is approx. 614.76 g/mol. The molecular weight of the active component KHSO₅ is approx. 152.2 g/mol.
How much active oxygen does Potassium Monopersulfate contain?
In commercial products the active oxygen is at least 4.5 percent, typically approx. 4.7 percent. The theoretical value for the pure triple salt is 5.2 percent. This corresponds to a KHSO₅ content of approx. 42–48 percent by weight.
What is the INCI name of Potassium Monopersulfate?
The INCI name is Potassium Caroate. It is listed in the CosIng record with an oxidizing function. The existence of an INCI name does not mean the product can be used in cosmetics.
Is Potassium Monopersulfate used in cosmetics?
To a limited extent. It is not a common ingredient in cosmetic formulations; persulfates are mostly used as boosters in hair lighteners. Because the substance corrodes skin, cosmetic use requires a separate safety assessment.
Is Potassium Monopersulfate used in food or pharmaceuticals, and does it have an E number?
No. It is not a food additive and has no E number; it is not used as a pharmaceutical active substance or excipient either. It is used as a processing aid or reagent in surface disinfection, animal drinking water hygiene and chemical synthesis.
What is the difference between Potassium Monopersulfate and potassium persulfate?
In monopersulfate the peroxide group is bonded to a single sulfate and in most applications it oxidizes directly. Potassium persulfate is a different salt in which two sulfate groups are joined by a peroxide bond; in most cases it requires activation to generate radicals, and it is a sensitizer.
What is Potassium Monopersulfate used for?
As a chlorine-free oxidizer it is used in pool water shock treatment, surface disinfection, wet-strength paper repulping, copper surface preparation, wool treatment, laundry and denture cleaning, odor and cyanide removal and organic synthesis.
In which sectors is Potassium Monopersulfate used?
It is used in the pool and spa, disinfection and hygiene, paper and pulp, electronics and printed circuit, textile, cleaning and laundry, wastewater and mining, water treatment, and laboratory and organic synthesis sectors.
How does Potassium Monopersulfate carry out oxidation?
The HSO₅⁻ ion accepts two electrons, is reduced to bisulfate and transfers its peroxide oxygen to the target molecule. It converts halides to active halogen and sulfide and cyanide to less harmful products; when activated with transition metals it forms sulfate radicals.
What does Potassium Monopersulfate do?
It serves to oxidize contaminants, break down wet-strength resins, micro-etch copper surfaces, prepare wool against felting and maintain surface hygiene. Being halogen-free is its main advantage.
How does Potassium Monopersulfate work in pool water?
It keeps the water clear by oxidizing the organic contaminants that enter it and helps the disinfectant remain free. It is not a disinfectant. It gives falsely high readings in the DPD total chlorine test; a neutralizing reagent or a compatible test kit is needed.
Is Potassium Monopersulfate soluble in water?
Yes. Most documents report a solubility of approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C, and solubility increases with temperature. Its solution is acidic; the pH is approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution.
How much Potassium Monopersulfate is used in a pool?
Product labels give 1–2 lb of product for a 10,000-gallon pool of approx. 38 m³, that is, approx. 12–24 g/m³. The dose depends on the active content of the product and the condition of the pool; the product label and the manufacturer’s instructions should always be taken as the basis.
Is Potassium Monopersulfate a hazardous substance?
Yes. It is harmful if swallowed, seriously corrosive to skin and eyes and harmful to the aquatic environment. Some documents also classify it as oxidizing and sensitizing. It should be used with protective equipment.
Why can Potassium Monopersulfate cause burns on skin and eyes?
Its solution is strongly acidic and the substance has an oxidizing effect. It oxidizes tissue proteins, and combined with the acidity of bisulfate, serious damage can occur. The persulfate impurity can also cause allergic reactions in sensitive persons.
Is Potassium Monopersulfate registered under REACH?
Yes. The substance is registered under REACH; the registration number appears in supplier SDSs. As a biocidal active substance it has been approved in the EU for product types 2, 3, 4 and 5. The current status and the registration of a particular supplier should be confirmed with the supplier.
What does Potassium Monopersulfate look like?
It is a white or off-white, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder. Ready-made disinfectant mixtures may be colored, for example pink.
What is the UN number of Potassium Monopersulfate?
For the solid product, the number most often seen in safety data sheets is UN 3260; class 8, packing group II. UN 3084 also appears in one source. Before shipment, the supplier’s current SDS should be checked.
Why are moisture, metal and persulfate impurities important in Potassium Monopersulfate?
Moisture and transition metals accelerate decomposition and heating and shorten shelf life. Persulfate is important for safety because it is a sensitizer. For this reason the limits should be verified from the COA.
What does the price of Potassium Monopersulfate depend on?
The price varies according to KHSO₅ content, grade, particle size, packaging, order quantity, origin, documentation, raw material costs and logistics conditions. Corrosive substance transport also affects the cost.
Is there an alternative to Potassium Monopersulfate?
Yes. Persulfates, sodium percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine compounds, permanganate and quaternary ammonium compounds can be alternatives depending on the application. None is a direct substitute in every system.
How should Potassium Monopersulfate be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, preferably below 30 °C, in its closed original packaging, away from moisture, metals, reducing and combustible substances and alkalis.
Which documents should be requested when buying Potassium Monopersulfate?
SDS, TDS and the batch-specific COA are the basic documents. REACH information, transport classification and a supplier declaration on the regulatory status for biocidal use may also be requested.
Which technical specifications are important when buying Potassium Monopersulfate?
KHSO₅ or active oxygen, moisture, pH, solubility, bulk density, particle size, metal impurities, persulfate content, form, shelf life and packaging are important.
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Chemical name: Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate) bis(sulfate); potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate
Common name: Potasyum Monopersülfat, Potassium Monopersulfate, potassium peroxymonosulfate, Oxone, Caroat
CAS No: 70693-62-8
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol
Chemical class: Inorganic peroxy salt; triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Physical appearance: White, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder
Main properties: Strong chlorine-free oxidizer, soluble in water at approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C, pH approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution, typical active oxygen approx. 4.7 percent, density approx. 2.3 g/cm³, bulk density approx. 1.1–1.4 g/cm³
Main functions: Oxidizer, active substance of disinfectants, shock oxidizer, wet-strength resin remover, micro-etching oxidizer, bleaching component
Important application areas: Pool and spa water, disinfection, paper and pulp, printed circuits, wool textiles, laundry and denture cleaning, wastewater and odor removal, organic synthesis
Critical parameters for quality control: KHSO₅ and active oxygen, moisture, pH, particle size, bulk density, metal impurities, persulfate content, documents appropriate to the grade
Storage: In a cool, dry and ventilated area, preferably below 30 °C, in closed packaging; separate from moisture, metals, and reducing and combustible substances
Regulation: Oxidizing substance that corrodes skin and eyes and is harmful if swallowed; registered under REACH and approved as a biocidal active substance in the EU; mostly UN 3260, class 8 in transport; conditions of use and transport should be confirmed from the supplier and current legislation
