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DESCRIPTION:
Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.
Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.[3]
CAS Number 304-59-6
EC Number 206-156-8
SYNONYMS:
E337; Seignette's salt; Rochelle salt,Potassium sodium tartrate,304-59-6,Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate,potassium;sodium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate,potassium sodium tartarate,Seignettesalz,potassium sodium tartrat,Fehling's reagent (B),potassium-sodium tartrate,potassium-sodium-tartrate,sodium-potassium tartrate,sodium-potassium-tartrate,sodium potassium tartarate,SCHEMBL3858,PotassiuM SodiuM L-(+)-Tartrate Tetrahydrate,(+)-potassium sodium tartrate,sodium potassium (+)-tartrate,Potassium sodium (+)-tartrate,(+/-),sodium tartrate potassium,LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L,AKOS016373566,tartaric acid monosodium monokalium salt,potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate,DB-047782,NS00078277,potassium sodium 2,3-bis(oxidanyl)butanedioate,A834534,Q303489,J-017961,J-524027
This property led to its extensive use in crystal phonograph cartridges, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th century.
Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.
Rochelle salt is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.
Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars).
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper (similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics).[2]
In organic synthesis, it is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used.[4]
Sodium potassium tartrate is also important in the food industry. [5]
Potassium sodium tartrate is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration.
Potassium sodium tartrate maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.
Preparation:
Large Rochelle salt crystal grown aboard Skylab
The starting material is tartar with a minimum 68% tartaric acid content.
This is first dissolved in water or in the mother liquor of a previous batch.
It is then basified with hot saturated sodium hydroxide solution to pH 8, decolorized with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered.
The filtrate is evaporated to 42 °Bé at 100 °C, and passed to granulators in which Seignette's salt crystallizes on slow cooling.
The salt is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, accompanied by washing of the granules, and is dried in a rotary furnace and sieved before packaging. Commercially marketed grain sizes range from 2000 μm to < 250 μm (powder).[2]
Larger crystals of Rochelle salt have been grown under conditions of reduced gravity and convection on board Skylab.[6]
Rochelle salt crystals will begin to dehydrate when the relative humidity drops to about 30% and will begin to dissolve at relative humidities above 84%.[7]
Piezoelectricity
In 1824, Sir David Brewster demonstrated piezoelectric effects using Rochelle salts,[8] which led to him naming the effect pyroelectricity.[9]
In 1919, Alexander McLean Nicolson worked with Rochelle salt, developing audio-related inventions like microphones and speakers at Bell Labs
APPLICATION
Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate is a double salt of tartaric acid that can be used to prevent the precipitation in alkaline medium[1].
Potassium sodium tartrate can also be used as a reagent in the determination of nitrilase activity[2].
PROPERTIES
Chemical formula KNaC4H4O6•4H2O
Molar mass 282.22 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance large colorless monoclinic needles
Odor odorless
Density 1.79 g/cm3
Melting point 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) anhydrous at 130 °C; decomposes at 220 °C
Solubility in water 26 g / 100 mL (0 °C); 66 g / 100 mL (26 °C)
Solubility in ethanol insoluble
Structure
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Linear Formula:
KOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)COONa • 4H2O
CAS Number:
6381-59-5
Molecular Weight:
282.22
Beilstein:
6113568
EC Number:
206-156-8
MDL number:
MFCD00150989
UNSPSC Code:
12352100
PubChem Substance ID:
57648645
NACRES:
NA.21
grade
ACS reagent
puriss. p.a.
Quality Level
200
Agency
USP/NF
reag. ISO
reag. Ph. Eur.
Assay
≥99.5% (perchloric acid titration)
impurities
≤0.001% total nitrogen (N)
pH
7.0-8.5 (20 °C, 5%)
anion traces
chloride (Cl-): ≤5 mg/kg
phosphate (PO43-): ≤10 mg/kg
sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg
cation traces
Ca: ≤40 mg/kg
Cu: ≤5 mg/kg
Fe: ≤5 mg/kg
Pb: ≤2 mg/kg
Zn: ≤5 mg/kg
SMILES string
O.O.O.O.[Na+].[K+].O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
InChI
1S/C4H6O6.K.Na.4H2O/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;;;;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;;4*1H2/q;2*+1;;;;/p-2/t1-,2-;;;;;;/m1....../s1
Molecular Weight
210.16 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
6
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
209.95426361 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
209.95426361 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
121Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
12
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
123
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
3
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
