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PP Elyaf 6MM, also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications.
PP Elyaf 6MM is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.
PP Elyaf 6MM belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar.
CAS: 9003-07-0
MF: C22H42O3
MW: 354.56708
EINECS: 202-316-6
PP Elyaf 6MM's properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant.
PP Elyaf 6MM is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance.
PP Elyaf 6MM is the bio-based counterpart of polypropylene (PP).
PP Elyaf 6MM is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene).
A polymer compose of repeating propane-1,2-diyl units PP Elyaf 6MM: Anisotactic polymer existing in bothlow and high formula-weight forms.
The lower-formula-weight polymer ismade by passing PP Elyaf 6MM at moderatepressure over a heated phosphoricacid catalyst spread on aninert material at 200°C.
The reactionyields the trimer and tetramer.
Thehigher-formula-weight polymer isproduced by passing propene into aninert solvent, heptane, which containsa trialkyl aluminium and a titaniumcompound.
PP Elyaf 6MM is amixture of isotactic and atacticpolypropene, the former being themajor constituent.
PP Elyaf 6MM is used as a thermoplastic mouldingmaterial.
History
Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951.
The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio Natta and Karl Rehn in March 1954.
This pioneering discovery led to large-scale commercial production of isotactic polypropylene by the Italian firm Montecatini from 1957 onwards.
Syndiotactic PP Elyaf 6MM was also first synthesized by Natta.
PP Elyaf 6MM Chemical Properties
Melting point: 157 °C
Boiling point: 120-132 °C
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.49(lit.)
Storage temp.: -20°C
Form: particles (Spherical)
Merck: 13,7663
NIST Chemistry Reference: PP Elyaf 6MM (9003-07-0)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: PP Elyaf 6MM (9003-07-0)
Translucent, white solid.
Tensile strength 5000 psi, flexural strength 7000 psi, usable up to 121C.
Insoluble in cold organic solvents; softened by hot solvents.
Maintains strength after repeated flexing.
Degraded by heat and light unless protected by antioxidants.
Readily colored; good electrical resistance; low water absorption and moisture permeability; poor impact strength below 9.4C; not attacked by fungi or bacteria; resists strong acids and alkalies up to 60C, but is attacked by chlorine, fuming nitric acid, and other strong oxidizing agents.
Combustible, but slow-burning.
Fair abrasion and good heat resis- tance if properly modified.
PP Elyaf 6MM can be chrome-plated, injectionand blow-molded, and extruded.
PP Elyaf 6MM is a low-density resin that offers a good balance of thermal, chemical, and electrical properties, along with moderate strength.
Strength can be significantly increased by using reinforcing agents such as glass fiber.
PP Elyaf 6MM has limited heat resistance, but it can be used in applications that must withstand boiling water or steam sterilization.
PP Elyaf 6MM can resist chemical attack and are unaffected by aqueous solutions of inorganic salts or mineral acids and bases, even at high temperatures.
They are not attacked by most organic chemicals, and there is no solvent for these resins at room temperature.
The resins are attacked, however, by halogens, fuming nitric acid, other active oxidizing agents, and by aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons at high temperatures.
PP Elyaf 6MMis translucent and autoclavable.
Properties can be improved by compounding with fillers, by blending with synthetic elastomers, and by copolymerizing with small amounts of other monomers.
PP Elyaf 6MM is in many aspects similar to polyethylene, especially in solution behaviour and electrical properties.
The methyl group improves mechanical properties and thermal resistance, although the chemical resistance decreases.
The properties of PP Elyaf 6MM depend on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, crystallinity, type and proportion of comonomer (if used) and the isotacticity.
In PP Elyaf 6MM, for example, the methyl groups are oriented on one side of the carbon backbone.
This arrangement creates a greater degree of crystallinity and results in a stiffer material that is more resistant to creep than both atactic polypropylene and polyethylene.
PP Elyaf 6MM at room temperature is resistant to fats and almost all organic solvents, apart from strong oxidants.
Non-oxidizing acids and bases can be stored in containers made of PP Elyaf 6MM.
At elevated temperature, PP can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as xylene, tetralin and decalin.
Due to the tertiary carbon atom PP Elyaf 6MM is chemically less resistant than PE.
Most commercial PP Elyaf 6MM is isotactic and has an intermediate level of crystallinity between that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
PP Elyaf 6MM is soluble in p-xylene at 140 °C.
PP Elyaf 6MM when the solution is cooled to 25 °C and atactic portion remains soluble in p-xylene.
The melt flow rate (MFR) or melt flow index (MFI) is a measure of molecular weight of PP Elyaf 6MM.
The measure helps to determine how easily the molten raw material will flow during processing.
PP Elyaf 6MM with higher MFR will fill the plastic mold more easily during the injection or blow-molding production process.
As the melt flow increases, however, some physical properties, like impact strength, will decrease.
There are three general types of PP Elyaf 6MM: homopolymer, random copolymer, and block copolymer.
The comonomer is typically used with ethylene.
Ethylene-propylene rubber or EPDM added to polypropylene homopolymer increases its low temperature impact strength.
Randomly polymerized ethylene monomer added to polypropylene homopolymer decreases the polymer crystallinity, lowers the melting point and makes the polymer more transparent.
PP Elyaf 6MM Mechanical properties
The density of PP Elyaf 6MM is between 0.895 and 0.93 g/cm3.
Therefore, PP Elyaf 6MM is the commodity plastic with the lowest density.
With lower density, moldings parts with lower weight and more parts of a certain mass of plastic can be produced.
Unlike PP Elyaf 6MM, crystalline and amorphous regions differ only slightly in their density. However, the density of PP Elyaf 6MM can significantly change with fillers.
The Young's modulus of PP Elyaf 6MM is between 1300 and 1800 N/mm².
PP Elyaf 6MM is normally tough and flexible, especially when copolymerized with ethylene.
This allows PP Elyaf 6MM to be used as an engineering plastic, competing with materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
PP Elyaf 6MM is reasonably economical.
PP Elyaf 6MM has good resistance to fatigue.
Thermal properties
The melting point of PP Elyaf 6MM occurs in a range, so the melting point is determined by finding the highest temperature of a differential scanning calorimetry chart.
Perfectly PP Elyaf 6MM has a melting point of 171 °C (340 °F).
PP Elyaf 6MM has a melting point that ranges from 160 to 166 °C (320 to 331 °F), depending on atactic material and crystallinity.
PP Elyaf 6MM with a crystallinity of 30% has a melting point of 130 °C (266 °F).
Below 0 °C, PP becomes brittle.
The thermal expansion ofPP Elyaf 6MM is very large, but somewhat less than that of polyethylene.
Molecular structure
PP Elyaf 6MM can be categorized as atactic polypropylene (PP-at), syndiotactic polypropylene (PP-st) and isotactic polypropylene (PP-it).
In case of atactic PP Elyaf 6MM, the methyl group (-CH3) is randomly aligned, alternating (alternating) for syndiotactic polypropylene and evenly for isotactic polypropylene.
This has an impact on the crystallinity (amorphous or semi-crystalline) and the thermal properties (expressed as glass transition point Tg and melting point Tm).
The term tacticity describes for PP Elyaf 6MM how the methyl group is oriented in the polymer chain.
PP Elyaf 6MM is usually isotactic.
This article therefore always refers to PP Elyaf 6MM, unless stated otherwise.
The tacticity is usually indicated in percent, using the isotactic index (according to DIN 16774).
The index is measured by determining the fraction of the polymer insoluble in boiling heptane. Commercially available polypropylenes usually have an isotactic index between 85 and 95%.
The tacticity effects the polymers physical properties.
As the methyl group is in PP Elyaf 6MM consistently located at the same side, it forces the macromolecule in a helical shape, as also found in starch.
An isotactic structure leads to a semi-crystalline polymer.
The higher the isotacticity (the isotactic fraction), the greater the crystallinity, and thus also the softening point, rigidity, e-modulus and hardness.
Atactic polypropylene, on the other hand, lacks any regularity which makes it unable to crystallize and amorphous.
Crystal structure of PP Elyaf 6MM
PP Elyaf 6MM has a high degree of crystallinity, in industrial products 30–60%.
PP Elyaf 6MM is slightly less crystalline, atactic PP is amorphous (not crystalline).
PP Elyaf 6MM
PP Elyaf 6MM can exist in various crystalline modifications which differ by the molecular arrangement of the polymer chains.
The crystalline modifications are categorized into the α-, β- and γ-modification as well as mesomorphic (smectic) forms.
The α-modifications is predominant in PP Elyaf 6MM.
Such crystals are built from lamellae in the form of folded chains.
A characteristic anomaly is that the lame are arranged in the so-called "cross-hatched" structure.
The melting point of α-crystalline regions is given as 185 to 220 °C, the density as 0.936 to 0.946 g·cm−3.
The β-modification is in comparison somewhat less ordered, as a result of which PP Elyaf 6MM forms faster and has a lower melting point of 170 to 200 °C.
The formation of the β-modification can be promoted by nucleating agents, suitable temperatures and shear stress.
The γ-modification is hardly formed under the conditions used in industry and is poorly understood.
The mesomorphic modification, however, occurs often in industrial processing, since the plastic is usually cooled quickly.
The degree of order of the mesomorphic phase ranges between the crystalline and the amorphous phase, PP Elyaf 6MM's density is with 0.916 g·cm−3 comparatively.
The mesomorphic phase is considered as cause for the transparency in rapidly cooled films (due to low order and small crystallites).
Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP)
Syndiotactic polypropylene was discovered much later than PP Elyaf 6MM and could only be prepared by using metallocene catalysts.
Syndiotactic PP has a lower melting point, with 161 to 186 °C, depending on the degree of tacticity.
Atactic polypropylene (aPP)
Atactic polypropylene is amorphous and has therefore no crystal structure.
Due to its lack of crystallinity, it is readily soluble even at moderate temperatures, which allows to separate it as by-product from isotactic polypropylene by extraction.
However, the aPP obtained this way is not completely amorphous but can still contain 15% crystalline parts.
Atactic polypropylene can also be produced selectively using metallocene catalysts, atactic polypropylene produced this way has a considerably higher molecular weight.
Atactic polypropylene has lower density, melting point and softening temperature than the crystalline types and is tacky and rubber-like at room temperature.
It is a colorless, cloudy material and can be used between −15 and +120 °C.
Atactic polypropylene is used as a sealant, as an insulating material for automobiles and as an additive to bitumen.
Copolymers
PP Elyaf 6MM copolymers are in use as well.
A particularly important one is PP Elyaf 6MM random copolymer (PPR or PP-R), a random copolymer with polyethylene used for plastic pipework.
PP-RCT
PP Elyaf 6MM random crystallinity temperature (PP-RCT), also used for plastic pipework, is a new form of this plastic.
PP Elyaf 6MM achieves higher strength at high temperature by β-crystallization.
Degradation
PP Elyaf 6MM is liable to chain degradation from exposure to temperatures above 100 °C.
Oxidation usually occurs at the tertiary carbon centers leading to chain breaking via reaction with oxygen.
In external applications, degradation is evidenced by cracks and crazing.
PP Elyaf 6MM may be protected by the use of various polymer stabilizers, including UV-absorbing additives and anti-oxidants such as phosphites (e.g. tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite) and hindered phenols, which prevent polymer degradation.
Microbial communities isolated from soil samples mixed with starch have been shown to be capable of degrading PP Elyaf 6MM.
PP Elyaf 6MM has been reported to degrade while in the human body as implantable mesh devices.
The degraded material forms a tree bark-like layer at the surface of mesh fibers.
Optical properties
PP Elyaf 6MM can be made translucent when uncolored but is not as readily made transparent as polystyrene, acrylic, or certain other plastics.
PP Elyaf 6MM is often opaque or colored using pigments.
Catalysts
The properties of PP Elyaf 6MM are strongly affected by its tacticity, the orientation of the methyl groups (CH3 in the figure) relative to the methyl groups in neighboring monomer units.
A Ziegler–Natta catalyst is able to restrict linking of monomer molecules to a specific orientation, either isotactic, when all methyl groups are positioned at the same side with respect to the backbone of the polymer chain, or syndiotactic, when the positions of the methyl groups alternate.
Commercially available PP Elyaf 6MM is made with two types of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
The first group of the catalysts encompasses solid (mostly supported) catalysts and certain types of soluble metallocene catalysts.
Such isotactic macromolecules coil into a helical shape; these helices then line up next to one another to form the crystals that give commercial PP Elyaf 6MM many of its desirable properties.
Another type of metallocene catalysts produce syndiotactic PP Elyaf 6MM.
These macromolecules also coil into helices (of a different type) and crystallize.
PP Elyaf 6MM is an amorphous rubbery material.
PP Elyaf 6MM can be produced commercially either with a special type of supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst or with some metallocene catalysts.
Modern supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts developed for the polymerization of PP Elyaf 6MM and other 1-alkenes to isotactic polymers usually use TiCl4 as an active ingredient and MgCl2 as a support.
The catalysts also contain organic modifiers, either aromatic acid esters and diesters or ethers.
These catalysts are activated with special cocatalysts containing an organoaluminum compound such as Al(C2H5)3 and the second type of a modifier.
The catalysts are differentiated depending on the procedure used for fashioning catalyst particles from MgCl2 and depending on the type of organic modifiers employed during catalyst preparation and use in polymerization reactions.
Two most important technological characteristics of all the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.
Commercial synthesis of PP Elyaf 6MM is usually carried out either in the medium of liquid propylene or in gas-phase reactors.
Commercial synthesis of syndiotactic PP Elyaf 6MM is carried out with the use of a special class of metallocene catalysts.
They employ bridged bis-metallocene complexes of the type bridge-(Cp1)(Cp2)ZrCl2 where the first Cp ligand is the cyclopentadienyl group, the second Cp ligand is the fluorenyl group, and the bridge between the two Cp ligands is -CH2-CH2-, >SiMe2, or >SiPh2.
These complexes are converted to polymerization catalysts by activating them with a special organoaluminum cocatalyst, methylaluminoxane (MAO).
Manufacturing from PP Elyaf 6MM
Melting process of PP Elyaf 6MM can be achieved via extrusion and molding.
Common extrusion methods include production of melt-blown and spun-bond fibers to form long rolls for future conversion into a wide range of useful products, such as face masks, filters, diapers and wipes.
The most common shaping technique is injection molding, which is used for parts such as cups, cutlery, vials, caps, containers, housewares, and automotive parts such as batteries.
The related techniques of blow molding and injection-stretch blow molding are also used, which involve both extrusion and molding.
The large number of end-use applications for PP Elyaf 6MM are often possible because of the ability to tailor grades with specific molecular properties and additives during its manufacture.
For example, antistatic additives can be added to help PP Elyaf 6MM surfaces resist dust and dirt.
Many physical finishing techniques can also be used on PP Elyaf 6MM, such as machining.
Surface treatments can be applied to PP Elyaf 6MM parts in order to promote adhesion of printing ink and paints.
PP Elyaf 6MM has been produced through both solid and melt state processing.
PP Elyaf 6MM is manufactured using melt processing with either chemical or physical blowing agents. Expansion of PP Elyaf 6MM in solid state, due to its highly crystalline structure, has not been successful.
In this regard, two novel strategies were developed for expansion of PP Elyaf 6MM.
PP Elyaf 6MM was observed that PP can be expanded to make EPP through controlling its crystalline structure or through blending with other polymers.
Uses
PP Elyaf 6MM is a thermoplastic material used in a wide variety of applications including packaging, labeling, textiles, etc.
Due to high processability and low cost, PP Elyaf 6MM is one of the most extensively produced polymers, especially, for auto industry.
PP Elyaf 6MM is resistant to photo-oxidation and thermal oxidation at moderate temperatures.
However, PP Elyaf 6MM is sensitive to various external aging environments (such as heat, light, and radiation), and, hence, has a relatively low service temperature.
When PP Elyaf 6MM is exposed to high temperatures or to an irradiation environment, the tertiary hydrogen atoms present in PP chains are susceptible to be attacked by oxygen.
PP Elyaf 6MM is well known that PP oxidation depends on both light and temperature in outdoor aging conditions.
PP Elyaf 6MM can also be photo-degraded because several molecular chains are affected in the wavelength range from 310 to 350 nm.
PP Elyaf 6MM is similar in structure to polyethylene, but every other carbon atom has oneof its H2 atoms replaced by a CH2group.
Although electrically similar to polyethylene,polypropylene can be made in thinner films, say 5μm as against about 25 μm for polyethylene.
These films replace paper for impregnatedcapacitors, with reduced loss.
Used with ram- and screw-injection machines.
For automotive, housewares, general molding products and multi- and monofiliment fiber.
General extrusion grade polymer.
Base polymer in hot melt adhesives and paper-laminating, extender and viscosity modifier in caulks and sealants and waterproofing agent in wire and cable applications.
Modifier for waxes to reduce blocking, scuffing and abrasion.
Improves pigment dispersion in polypropylene films and fibers.
As PP Elyaf 6MM is resistant to fatigue, most plastic living hinges, such as those on flip-top bottles, are made from this material.
However, PP Elyaf 6MM is important to ensure that chain molecules are oriented across the hinge to maximise strength.
PP Elyaf 6MM is used in the manufacturing of piping systems, both ones concerned with high purity and ones designed for strength and rigidity (e.g., those intended for use in potable plumbing, hydronic heating and cooling, and reclaimed water).
PP Elyaf 6MM is often chosen for its resistance to corrosion and chemical leaching, its resilience against most forms of physical damage, including impact and freezing, its environmental benefits, and its ability to be joined by heat fusion rather than gluing.
Many plastic items for medical or laboratory use can be made from PP Elyaf 6MM because it can withstand the heat in an autoclave.
Its heat resistance also enables PP Elyaf 6MM to be used as the manufacturing material of consumer-grade kettles.
Food containers made from PP Elyaf 6MM will not melt in the dishwasher, and do not melt during industrial hot filling processes.
For this reason, most plastic tubs for dairy products are PP Elyaf 6MM sealed with aluminum foil (both heat-resistant materials).
After the product has cooled, the tubs are often given lids made of a less heat-resistant material, such as LDPE or polystyrene.
Such containers provide a good hands-on example of the difference in modulus, since the rubbery (softer, more flexible) feeling of LDPE with respect to PP Elyaf 6MM of the same thickness is readily apparent.
Rugged, translucent, reusable plastic containers made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes for consumers from various companies such as Rubbermaid and Sterilite are commonly made of PP Elyaf 6MM, although the lids are often made of somewhat more flexible LDPE so they can snap onto the container to close it.
PP Elyaf 6MM can also be made into disposable bottles to contain liquid, powdered, or similar consumer products, although HDPE and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly also used to make bottles.
Plastic pails, car batteries, wastebaskets, pharmacy prescription bottles, cooler containers, dishes and pitchers are often made of PP Elyaf 6MM or HDPE, both of which commonly have rather similar appearance, feel, and properties at ambient temperature.
A diversity of medical devices are made from PP Elyaf 6MM.
A common application for PP Elyaf 6MM is as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP).
These BOPP sheets are used to make a wide variety of materials including clear bags.
When PP Elyaf 6MM is biaxially oriented, it becomes crystal clear and serves as an excellent packaging material for artistic and retail products.
PP Elyaf 6MM, highly colorfast, is widely used in manufacturing carpets, rugs and mats to be used at home.
PP Elyaf 6MM is widely used in ropes, distinctive because they are light enough to float in water.
For equal mass and construction, PP Elyaf 6MM rope is similar in strength to polyester rope. PP Elyaf 6MM costs less than most other synthetic fibers.
PP Elyaf 6MM is also used as an alternative to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as insulation for electrical cables for LSZH cable in low-ventilation environments, primarily tunnels.
This is because PP Elyaf 6MM emits less smoke and no toxic halogens, which may lead to production of acid in high-temperature conditions.
PP Elyaf 6MM is also used in particular roofing membranes as the waterproofing top layer of single-ply systems as opposed to modified-bit systems.
PP Elyaf 6MM is most commonly used for plastic moldings, wherein PP Elyaf 6MM is injected into a mold while molten, forming complex shapes at relatively low cost and high volume; examples include bottle tops, bottles, and fittings.
PP Elyaf 6MM can also be produced in sheet form, widely used for the production of stationery folders, packaging, and storage boxes.
The wide color range, durability, low cost, and resistance to dirt make it ideal as a protective cover for papers and other materials.
PP Elyaf 6MM is used in Rubik's Cube stickers because of these characteristics.
The availability of sheet PP Elyaf 6MM has provided an opportunity for the use of the material by designers.
The light-weight, durable, and colorful plastic makes an ideal medium for the creation of light shades, and a number of designs have been developed using interlocking sections to create elaborate designs.
PP Elyaf 6MM sheets are a popular choice for trading card collectors; these come with pockets (nine for standard-size cards) for the cards to be inserted and are used to protect their condition and are meant to be stored in a binder.
PP Elyaf 6MM is a foam form of polypropylene.
PP Elyaf 6MM has very good impact characteristics due to its low stiffness; this allows EPP to resume its shape after impacts.
PP Elyaf 6MM is extensively used in model aircraft and other radio controlled vehicles by hobbyists.
PP Elyaf 6MM is mainly due to its ability to absorb impacts, making this an ideal material for RC aircraft for beginners and amateurs.
PP Elyaf 6MM is used in the manufacture of loudspeaker drive units.
PP Elyaf 6MM's use was pioneered by engineers at the BBC and the patent rights subsequently purchased by Mission Electronics for use in their Mission Freedom Loudspeaker and Mission 737 Renaissance loudspeaker.
PP Elyaf 6MM fibres are used as a concrete additive to increase strength and reduce cracking and spalling.
In some areas susceptible to earthquakes (e.g., California), PP Elyaf 6MM fibers are added with soils to improve the soil's strength and damping when constructing the foundation of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc.
PP Elyaf 6MM fibres are also used in drywall joint compound for reinforcement.
PP Elyaf 6MM can increase the flexibility and dimensional stability of the joint compound and reduce shrinkage and cracking when it dries.
PP Elyaf 6MM is used in polypropylene drums.
In June 2016, a study showed that a mixture of PP Elyaf 6MM and durable superoleophobic surfaces created by two engineers from Ohio State University can repel liquids such as shampoo and oil.
This technology could make it easier to remove all of the liquid contents from PP Elyaf 6MM bottles, particularly those that have high surface tension such as shampoo or oil.
Clothing
PP Elyaf 6MM is a major polymer used in nonwovens, with over 50% use for diapers or sanitary products where PP Elyaf 6MM is treated to absorb water (hydrophilic) rather than naturally repelling water (hydrophobic).
Other non-woven uses include filters for air, gas, and liquids in which the fibers can be formed into sheets or webs that can be pleated to form cartridges or layers that filter in various efficiencies in the 0.5 to 30 micrometre range.
Such applications occur in houses as water filters or in air-conditioning-type filters.
The high surface-area and naturally oleophilic PP Elyaf 6MM nonwovens are ideal absorbers of oil spills with the familiar floating barriers near oil spills on rivers.
PP Elyaf 6MM, or 'polypro', has been used for the fabrication of cold-weather base layers, such as long-sleeve shirts or long underwear.
PP Elyaf 6MM is also used in warm-weather clothing, in which it transports sweat away from the skin.
Polyester has replaced PP Elyaf 6MM in these applications in the U.S. military, such as in the ECWCS.
Although PP Elyaf 6MM clothes are not easily flammable, they can melt, which may result in severe burns if the wearer is involved in an explosion or fire of any kind.
PP Elyaf 6MM undergarments are known for retaining body odors which are then difficult to remove.
The current generation of polyester does not have this disadvantage.
Some fashion designers have adapted PP Elyaf 6MM to construct jewelry and other wearable items.
Medical
PP Elyaf 6MM's most common medical use is in the synthetic, nonabsorbable suture Prolene, manufactured by Ethicon Inc.
PP Elyaf 6MM has been used in hernia and pelvic organ prolapse repair operations to protect the body from new hernias in the same location.
A small patch of the material is placed over the spot of the hernia, below the skin, and is painless and rarely, if ever, rejected by the body.
However, a PP Elyaf 6MM mesh will erode the tissue surrounding it over the uncertain period from days to years.
A notable application was as a transvaginal mesh, used to treat vaginal prolapse and concurrent urinary incontinence.
Due to the above-mentioned propensity for PP Elyaf 6MM mesh to erode the tissue surrounding it, the FDA has issued several warnings on the use of PP Elyaf 6MM mesh medical kits for certain applications in pelvic organ prolapse, specifically when introduced in close proximity to the vaginal wall due to a continued increase in number of mesh-driven tissue erosions reported by patients over the past few years.
On 3 January 2012, the FDA ordered 35 manufacturers of these mesh products to study the side effects of these devices.
Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the demand for PP Elyaf 6MM has increased significantly because it's a vital raw material for producing meltblown fabric, which is in turn the raw material for producing facial masks.
Niche
Very thin sheets (≈2–20 µm) of PP Elyaf 6MM are used as a dielectric within certain high-performance pulse and low-loss RF capacitors.
PP Elyaf 6MM foam is a structural material in hobbyist radio control model aircraft.
Unlike expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) which is friable and breaks easily on impact, PP Elyaf 6MM foam is able to absorb kinetic impacts very well without breaking, retains its original shape, and exhibits memory form characteristics which allow it to return to its original shape in a short amount of time.
When the cathedral on Tenerife, La Laguna Cathedral, was repaired in 2002–2014, PP Elyaf 6MM turned out that the vaults and dome were in a rather bad condition.
Therefore, these parts of the building were demolished, and replaced by constructions in PP Elyaf 6MM.
This was reported as the first time this material was used in this scale in buildings.
Under the trade name Ulstron PP Elyaf 6MM rope is used to manufacture scoop nets for whitebait.
PP Elyaf 6MM has also been used for sheets of yacht sails.
Polymer banknotes are made from BOPP, where PP Elyaf 6MM provides a durable base and allows for the use of transparent security features by omitting opaque inks in the desired areas.
Repairing
Many objects are made with PP Elyaf 6MM precisely because it is resilient and resistant to most solvents and glues.
Also, there are very few glues available specifically for gluing PP Elyaf 6MM.
However, solid PP Elyaf 6MM objects not subject to undue flexing can be satisfactorily joined with a two-part epoxy glue or using hot-glue guns.
Preparation is important and PP Elyaf 6MM is often helpful to roughen the surface with a file, emery paper or other abrasive material to provide better anchorage for the glue.
Also PP Elyaf 6MM is recommended to clean with mineral spirits or similar alcohol prior to gluing to remove any oils or other contamination.
Some experimentation may be required.
There are also some industrial glues available for PP Elyaf 6MM, but these can be difficult to find, especially in a retail store.
PP Elyaf 6MM can be melted using a speed tip welding technique.
With speed welding, the plastic welder, similar to a soldering iron in appearance and wattage, is fitted with a feed tube for the plastic weld rod.
The speed tip heats the rod and the substrate, while at the same time PP Elyaf 6MM presses the molten weld rod into position.
A bead of softened plastic is laid into the joint and the parts and weld rod fuse.
With PP Elyaf 6MM, the melted welding rod must be "mixed" with the semi-melted base material being fabricated or repaired.
A speed tip "gun" is essentially a soldering iron with a broad, flat tip that can be used to melt the weld joint and filler material to create a bond.
Health concerns
The advocacy organization Environmental Working Group classifies PP Elyaf 6MM as of low to moderate hazard.
PP Elyaf 6MM is dope-dyed; no water is used in its dyeing, in contrast with cotton.
In 2020 researchers reported that PP Elyaf 6MM infant feeding bottles with contemporary preparation procedures were found to cause microplastics exposure to infants ranging from 14,600 to 4,550,000 particles per capita per day in 48 regions.
Microplastics release is higher with warmer liquids and similar with other PP Elyaf 6MM products such as lunchboxes.
Preparation
High pressure, free radical processes of the type used to prepare polyethylene are not satisfactory when applied to PP Elyaf 6MM and other tX-olefins bearing a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom adjacent to the double bond.
The resulting allyl radical is resonance stabilized and has a reduced tendency to react with another monomer molecule.
Although the Phillips and Standard Oil processes can be used to prepare PP Elyaf 6MM, the polymer yields tend to be low and PP Elyaf 6MM appears that these processes have not been used for commercial production of polypropylene.
Until about 1980, PP Elyaf 6MM has been produced commercially only by the use of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
Commonly a slurry process is used and is carried out in much the same manner as described previously for the preparation of polyethylene ).
In the case of polypropylene, some atactic polymer is formed besides the required isotactic polymer; but much of this atactic material is soluble in the diluent (commonly heptane) so that the product isolated is largely isotactic polymer.
Recently, there has been a marked shift towards processes involving gas phase polymerization and liquid phase polymerization.
Few details of these newer processes have been published.
Gas phase processes resemble those described previously for the preparation of polyethylene ) and swing plants are now feasible.
In liquid phase processes polymerization is conducted in liquid PP Elyaf 6MM, typically at 2 MPa (20 atmospheres) and 55C.
Concurrently with these developments, new catalyst systems have been introduced.
These materials have very high activity and the reduced levels that are required make PP Elyaf 6MM unnecessary to remove catalyst from the final polymer.
Also, the new catalyst systems lead to PP Elyaf 6MM with higher'proportions of isotactic polymer and removal of atactic polymer is not necessary.
Production Methods
In PP Elyaf 6MM production, propylene monomer is polymerized to make the homopolymer by using a Ziegler–Natta type coordination catalyst.
This catalyst results from the reaction and interaction of a transition metal compound and an organometallic compound, usually an alkylaluminum compound.
PP Elyaf 6MM can be made by solution, slurry (or solvent), bulk (or liquid propylene), or gas-phase polymerization, or a combination of these processes .
The most widely used is the slurry process; however, the current trend is toward the gas-phase process.
In the solution, slurry, and bulk processes, the catalyst system is mixed with propylene and a hydrocarbon diluent (usually hexane, heptane, or liquid propylene) in a reactor.
After polymerization, the reaction mixture enters a flash tank where unreacted PP Elyaf 6MM is removed and recycled.
Propylene–ethylene copolymers can be manufactured when ethylene is fed along with PP Elyaf 6MM to the polymerization reactor or by adding ethylene and propylene to a postpolymerization reactor that contains PP.
This mixture may then be purified to remove lowmolecular weight and atactic fractions and washed to remove catalyst residues.
PP Elyaf 6MM resin is then dried and pelletized.
During this time, additivesmay be incorporated in the gas-phase process; no liquid diluent is used.
Synonyms
9003-07-0
12-[(2s,3r)-3-octyloxiran-2-yl]dodecanoic acid
Oxiranedodecanoic acid, 3-octyl-, cis-
cis-13,14-Epoxydocosanoic acid
2-Oxiranedodecanoic acid, 3-octyl-, (2R,3S)-rel-
N-Fmoc-5-aminolevulinicacid
Oxiranedodecanoic acid, 3-octyl-, (2R,3S)-rel-
ZINC111391968
3beta-Octyloxirane-2beta-dodecanoic acid
12-(3-Octyl-2-oxiranyl)dodecanoic acid #
PROPYLENE RESIN
PROPYLENE, ISOTACTIC RESIN
POLYPROPYLENE
POLYPROPYLENE, ATACTIC
POLYPROPYLENE, PSS NANOREINFORCED
POLYPROPYLENE, ISOTACTIC
Polypropylene master batch,flame retarding
Polypropylene,film grade
