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Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine, one of the naturally occurring forms of vitamin B6.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is widely used as a vitamin B6 source in pharmaceutical preparations, nutritional products, dietary supplements, and scientific applications.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is chemically composed of the pyridoxine moiety associated with hydrochloride, forming a salt that is particularly suitable for pharmaceutical and nutritional formulations.
CAS Number: 58-56-0
Molecular Formula: C8H11NO3.ClH
Molecular Weight: 205.64
EINECS Number: 200-386-2
Synonyms: Pyridoxine HCl, Adermine hydrochloride, PN HCl, Pyridoxol hydrochloride, Vitamin B6 hydrochloride ; Biochem/physiol, campoviton6;hexabetalin;hexa-betalin(r);hexavibex;hexermin;hexobion;paxadon;Pridoxinehydrochloride
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride and a vitamin B6.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride contains a pyridoxine.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of Vitamin B6.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a water-soluble vitamin, which can be found in various foods such as fish, poultry, whole grains, legumes, banana, nuts, and sesame.Vitamin B6 has an important role in the metabolism of amino acids as a coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
B6 may exert an anticolon tumor effect by the protection of the colon epithelium from damage in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhidrazine (DMH) and to decreased lithocholic acid, a colon carcinogen. Vitamin B6 may prevent such diseases by lowering inflammation.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has six forms namely, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate, pyridoxine 5′-phosphate and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride primarily treats vitamin B6 deficiency and helps alleviate nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride exists in various forms, including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, which convert into the active coenzyme pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP or P5P) in the body.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has the CAS Number 58-56-0 and the molecular formula C₈H₁₂ClNO₃.
Pyridoxine hydrochlorides molecular weight is approximately 205.64 g/mol, and its PubChem Compound ID is 6019.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also commonly identified as Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6 hydrochloride, Pyridoxol hydrochloride, and pyridoxine hydrochloride.
The parent compound, pyridoxine, has the CAS Number 65-23-6 and the molecular formula C₈H₁₁NO₃.
The IUPAC name of pyridoxine hydrochloride is 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride.
Structurally, pyridoxine contains a pyridine ring substituted with a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, and two hydroxymethyl groups.
These oxygen-containing functional groups contribute to Pyridoxine hydrochloride's polarity and its favorable interaction with water.
The hydrochloride form is important because conversion of pyridoxine into its salt form provides a practical material for formulation and handling.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is freely soluble in water, while it is reported to be only slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether in pharmaceutical descriptions.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is generally described as a white or practically white crystalline powder or crystals.
Its crystalline appearance and high water solubility make it particularly convenient for incorporation into aqueous preparations and solid dosage forms.
As a vitamin B6 compound, pyridoxine hydrochloride serves as a precursor to biologically active vitamin B6 coenzyme forms.
After absorption, pyridoxine can be converted through metabolic pathways to pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), the major active coenzyme form of vitamin B6.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride participates as a cofactor in a large number of enzymatic reactions.
These reactions include processes involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism, making vitamin B6 important for normal cellular function.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also associated with normal functioning of the nervous system, immune system, and red blood cell production.
Adequate vitamin B6 status is therefore important for maintaining several physiological processes throughout the body.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a water-soluble vitamin compound, which distinguishes it from fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Pyridoxine hydrochlorides water solubility is an important physicochemical characteristic when developing liquid formulations, injectable preparations, and nutritional products.
The molecule contains several hydroxyl-containing functional groups capable of participating in hydrogen bonding.
These groups, together with the protonated pyridine nitrogen in the hydrochloride salt form, contribute to its relatively strong interaction with polar solvents.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is not itself the final active coenzyme used in every vitamin B6-dependent enzymatic reaction.
Instead, the body converts vitamin B6 forms through enzymatic pathways into compounds such as pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, which directly participates in many biochemical reactions.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is particularly important in nutritional and pharmaceutical chemistry because vitamin B6 deficiency can interfere with normal metabolic processes.
For this reason, pyridoxine hydrochloride is commonly selected as a stable and convenient source of vitamin B6 in formulated products.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride also has considerable importance in pharmaceutical manufacturing because its physicochemical properties allow it to be incorporated into a wide range of dosage forms.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can be found in tablets, capsules, oral preparations, vitamin formulations, and combination products containing other active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in combination pharmaceutical products.
For example, pyridoxine hydrochloride is combined with doxylamine succinate in certain delayed-release formulations used for the management of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.
From an analytical perspective, pyridoxine hydrochloride is a well-characterized chemical substance with available structural and spectroscopic information.
NIST provides reference information for Pyridoxine hydrochloride, including its molecular structure, standard InChI, molecular weight, and infrared spectral data.
Its chemical structure also makes pyridoxine hydrochloride relevant to biochemical and pharmaceutical research.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride use vitamin B6 compounds to investigate enzyme activity, amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter pathways, nutritional biochemistry, and vitamin-dependent metabolic processes.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride should be distinguished from other vitamin B6-related compounds such as pyridoxal and pyridoxamine.
Although these compounds belong to the same vitamin B6 family and can participate in related metabolic pathways, their chemical structures and functional groups are different.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is an important vitamin B6 hydrochloride salt characterized by the molecular formula C₈H₁₂ClNO₃, molecular weight of approximately 205.64 g/mol, high water solubility, and a crystalline appearance.
Its combination of nutritional activity, favorable formulation properties, and established biochemical importance makes it valuable in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, food-related applications, clinical nutrition, and biochemical research.
Melting point: 214-215 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.2784 (rough estimate)
Vapor density: 7.1 (vs air)
Refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 9 °C
Storage temp.: Room temp.
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: Crystalline Powder
pKa: 5.24
Color: White to almost white
pH Range: 3.2
Biological source: Synthetic (organic)
Water solubility: 0.1 g/mL (20 °C)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,7982
BRN: 3632435
BCS Class: 1
Stability: Stable. Protect from air and light.
Major Application: Pharmaceutical (small molecule); vitamins, nutraceuticals, and natural products
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: ANTISTATIC; HAIR CONDITIONING; SKIN CONDITIONING
InChI: 1S/C8H11NO3.ClH/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5;/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3;1H
InChIKey: ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: Cl[H].Cc1ncc(CO)c(CO)c1O
LogP: -1.098 (est)
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is metabolised to its active form pyridoxamine phosphate.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is stored mainly in the liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites which are excreted in the urine.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is an essential coenzyme for amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride serves as a primary source in multivitamins.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride deficiency is associated with peripheral neuropathy.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a water-soluble crystalline vitamin B6 derivative that is particularly valued for its combination of nutritional activity and favorable formulation properties.
The hydrochloride salt is the form commonly used in pharmaceutical and nutritional products because it provides a practical, stable source of pyridoxine.
The molecular structure contains a pyridine ring bearing a phenolic hydroxyl group, a methyl substituent, and two hydroxymethyl groups.
These functional groups give the molecule a relatively polar character and provide several sites capable of participating in hydrogen bonding.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has four oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom within its pyridoxine component, together with hydrochloride associated with the protonated form of the molecule.
The molecular formula is C₈H₁₂ClNO₃, and its molecular weight is 205.64 g/mol.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is commonly supplied as a white or practically white crystalline powder or crystals.
Pharmaceutical references describe it as freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether.
Pyridoxine hydrochlorides high water solubility is one of the most useful physicochemical characteristics of pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Approximately one gram can dissolve in about five milliliters of water according to pharmaceutical injection specifications.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has a reported melting or decomposition region around 205–212 °C, with some reference sources listing approximately 207 °C.
The material can also sublime under suitable conditions rather than exhibiting a conventional boiling point.
The aqueous solutions of pyridoxine hydrochloride are acidic.
A 10% aqueous solution has been reported to have a pH of approximately 3.2, while a pharmaceutical injection product is formulated within an acidic pH range.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is reasonably stable under ordinary storage conditions, although it can be slowly affected by sunlight.
Protection from excessive light is therefore useful when maintaining the quality of concentrated materials and formulated products.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride's stability and water solubility make it suitable for both solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations.
It can therefore be incorporated into tablets, capsules, oral liquids, nutritional preparations, and injectable products depending on the intended application.
Pyridoxine is one of the three principal naturally occurring forms of vitamin B6, alongside pyridoxal and pyridoxamine.
These vitamin B6 forms can be converted through metabolic pathways to phosphorylated derivatives that participate in biological reactions.
One of the most important biologically active derivatives is pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP).
PLP functions as a coenzyme in numerous enzymatic reactions, particularly those associated with amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter biosynthesis.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride-dependent reactions include transamination, decarboxylation, and other transformations involving amino acids.
This makes pyridoxine hydrochloride indirectly relevant to protein metabolism, neurotransmitter production, and several other biochemical pathways.
The biological significance of pyridoxine hydrochloride extends to red blood cell formation and nervous-system function.
Adequate vitamin B6 availability is also associated with normal immune function and broader metabolic processes.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has a relatively low tendency to partition into nonpolar environments compared with many pharmaceutical active ingredients.
The parent pyridoxine has a reported XLogP around −0.8, reflecting its strongly hydrophilic character.
The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups is particularly important for this hydrophilic behavior.
These groups increase hydrogen-bonding interactions with water and contribute to Pyridoxine hydrochloride's high aqueous compatibility.
The hydrochloride salt also affects the handling characteristics of pyridoxine compared with the free-base form.
Salt formation is a common pharmaceutical strategy used to obtain a material with more suitable solubility, crystallinity, stability, and processing characteristics.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is therefore an important example of how salt formation can be used in pharmaceutical chemistry to obtain a practical form of a biologically active molecule.
The hydrochloride form is easier to incorporate into many water-based formulations than a poorly soluble neutral compound would be.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also significant in quality-control and analytical chemistry.
Pyridoxine hydrochlorides defined molecular structure, established pharmaceutical specifications, and characteristic spectroscopic properties allow it to be identified and quantified using established analytical procedures.
Analytical laboratories can determine pyridoxine hydrochloride using techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-based methods, chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic analysis.
Such methods are useful for raw-material identification, assay determination, impurity testing, stability studies, and finished-product quality control.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used as a reference compound in nutritional and biochemical research.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can use it to investigate vitamin B6 metabolism, enzyme systems dependent on PLP, nutritional status, and interactions between vitamin B6 and other metabolic pathways.
Its presence in pharmaceutical products can also be combined with other active ingredients to address specific therapeutic applications.
For example, pyridoxine hydrochloride is formulated together with doxylamine succinate in certain delayed-release products used for nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.
From a manufacturing perspective, Pyridoxine hydrochloride's crystalline nature, water solubility, and established pharmaceutical specifications make it convenient for controlled formulation processes.
Its use across pharmaceutical, nutritional, and research applications has resulted in extensive characterization of its chemical and physical behavior.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also relevant to food and nutritional manufacturing, where vitamin B6 may be incorporated into fortified products and vitamin preparations.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride combines the biological importance of vitamin B6 with the practical advantages of a crystalline hydrochloride salt.
Its high water solubility, well-defined chemical identity, established stability characteristics, and conversion to biologically active vitamin B6 coenzymes make it an important ingredient in pharmaceutical manufacturing, nutritional formulations, food fortification, clinical preparations, and biochemical research.
Uses:
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is an acid form of vitamin b6, a water- soluble vitamin.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is soluble in water, and slightly soluble in alco- hol.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is slowly affected by sunlight and is reasonably stable in air.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has a ph of 2.3–3.5.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also termed vitamin b6 hydrochloride. see pyridoxine
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has been used: As a vitamin component in a chemically defined diet with balanced metal content for metal depletion studies;
As a component of chemically defined medium (CDM) to culture Staphylococcus aureus WSPPA; As analytical reference standards for the determination of analytes in pharmaceutical preparations by chromatography and spectrophotometric techniques; As a vitamin to study the impact of protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity; As a medicine, it is used to prevent or treat certain neurological disorders (peripheral neuropathy) caused by certain drugs (e.g. isoniazid).
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in the treatment of certain hereditary disorders (e.g. flavoururic aciduria, hyperoxaluria, homocystinuria).
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is primarily used as a source of vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical and nutritional products.
It provides pyridoxine that can be converted in the body into biologically active vitamin B6 coenzyme forms involved in numerous metabolic reactions.
One of its main applications is the prevention and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride may be used when dietary intake is inadequate or when increased vitamin B6 requirements or specific medical conditions contribute to deficiency.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is particularly useful in treating drug-induced vitamin B6 deficiency.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is commonly associated with supplementation during treatment with isoniazid, which can interfere with vitamin B6 metabolism and increase the risk of deficiency.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in patients with certain inherited metabolic disorders involving vitamin B6.
Pharmaceutical labeling describes applications in conditions such as vitamin B6-dependent convulsions and vitamin B6-responsive anemia.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can be administered through oral pharmaceutical preparations when supplementation or treatment of deficiency is required.
Its high water solubility and established pharmaceutical properties allow it to be incorporated into tablets, capsules, oral liquids, and multivitamin preparations.
Parenteral pyridoxine hydrochloride has an important role when oral administration is not feasible.
Injectable preparations can be used in circumstances such as severe nausea and vomiting, anorexia, perioperative conditions, or impaired gastrointestinal absorption.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is widely incorporated into multivitamin and vitamin B-complex formulations.
It is frequently combined with other vitamins and minerals to provide broader nutritional supplementation in a single dosage form.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in prenatal and maternal nutritional products.
Vitamin B6 may be included alongside folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and other nutrients in formulations designed to support nutritional requirements during pregnancy.
A particularly important pharmaceutical application is its combination with doxylamine succinate.
Delayed-release products containing doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride are indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy when conservative measures are insufficient.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is therefore an important ingredient in antiemetic combination formulations used in pregnancy.
In these products, pyridoxine hydrochloride is combined with an antihistamine rather than being used as the sole active ingredient responsible for the complete therapeutic effect.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in clinical nutrition where controlled vitamin B6 supplementation is required.
Its established dosage forms and high water solubility make it suitable for formulations intended to deliver defined quantities of vitamin B6.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is used in food fortification and nutritional food products as a vitamin B6 source.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can be incorporated into fortified foods and nutritional preparations together with other essential vitamins and minerals.
The use of pyridoxine hydrochloride in these products helps provide a controlled source of vitamin B6 where additional nutritional intake is desired.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also used in the dietary supplement industry.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can be formulated as a standalone vitamin B6 supplement or included in multivitamins, mineral supplements, nutritional powders, and other supplement products.
Another important application is in pharmaceutical manufacturing as an active pharmaceutical ingredient or vitamin ingredient.
Its well-established identity, defined purity specifications, and predictable physicochemical properties make it suitable for controlled pharmaceutical production.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also relevant to veterinary pharmaceutical preparations.
Vitamin B6 is used in veterinary nutritional and medicinal products where supplementation is required, and pyridoxine hydrochloride provides a convenient formulation source.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has applications in biochemical and nutritional research because vitamin B6 participates in numerous enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride can use pyridoxine hydrochloride to investigate vitamin B6 metabolism, enzyme systems, amino acid metabolism, and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is particularly relevant to research involving protein and amino acid metabolism.
Its conversion into active vitamin B6 coenzyme forms supports biochemical studies of transamination, decarboxylation, and other PLP-dependent reactions.
It is also used in research concerning neurotransmitter biosynthesis and nervous-system biochemistry.
Vitamin B6-derived coenzymes participate in enzymatic reactions involved in the production and metabolism of several biologically important neurotransmitters.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride has applications in analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical quality control.
Laboratories can analyze it in raw materials, pharmaceutical products, nutritional formulations, and biological samples using established chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
It can serve as a reference or analytical target in HPLC, UV-visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and other analytical procedures.
These methods can be used for identity confirmation, assay determination, impurity testing, stability assessment, and formulation quality control.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is also useful in formulation-development studies because its high aqueous solubility allows researchers to investigate water-soluble vitamin formulations and delivery systems.
Its behavior in different excipient systems can be evaluated during the development of tablets, capsules, oral solutions, and injectable preparations.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is additionally used as a laboratory chemical and research reagent in studies involving vitamin B6-dependent biological systems.
Its well-characterized structure and established biochemical role make it a convenient compound for controlled experimental investigations.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride extend across pharmaceutical manufacturing, vitamin supplementation, food fortification, clinical nutrition, prenatal formulations, antiemetic combination products, veterinary applications, biochemical research, and analytical laboratories.
Its high water solubility, established nutritional function, and ability to serve as a precursor to active vitamin B6 coenzymes make pyridoxine hydrochloride an important ingredient across both commercial and scientific applications.
Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous route.
Moderately toxic by ingestion, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes.
Human reproductive effects by ingestion and intramuscular routes: postpartum changes.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is generally considered a relatively low-hazard vitamin compound when used at appropriate levels, but concentrated material should still be handled as a pharmaceutical chemical.
Available GHS notifications are not completely uniform, with a substantial proportion of reported classifications identifying serious eye damage as the principal hazard.
Direct contact with the eyes should therefore be avoided when handling pyridoxine hydrochloride powder.
Eye protection such as chemical-resistant safety glasses or goggles is appropriate during weighing, transfer, and formulation operations.
Some GHS notifications classify pyridoxine hydrochloride under H318, “causes serious eye damage.”
Because classifications can vary between suppliers and may depend on the specific material and impurities, the current supplier Safety Data Sheet should be checked before industrial handling.
Dust formation should also be minimized during the handling of solid pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Although inhalation-specific hazards are not consistently identified across available classifications, avoiding unnecessary exposure to pharmaceutical powders is a standard occupational precaution.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride should not be intentionally swallowed outside its approved pharmaceutical or nutritional use.
The fact that it is a vitamin does not mean that concentrated pharmaceutical-grade material can be considered harmless at unlimited doses.
Excessive intake of pyridoxine over prolonged periods can produce neurological toxicity.
Long-term high-dose exposure to vitamin B6 has been associated with sensory neuropathy and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and impaired sensation.
The risk of toxicity is particularly relevant when high-dose supplements are used for extended periods.
Consequently, pyridoxine hydrochloride should be incorporated into nutritional or pharmaceutical products at controlled concentrations and used according to the applicable dosage recommendations.
Clinical labeling reports paresthesia and somnolence among adverse reactions associated with pyridoxine hydrochloride administration.
These effects demonstrate that excessive or inappropriate exposure can affect neurological function even though pyridoxine is an essential vitamin.
Very high doses can produce substantially more serious toxic effects.
The official labeling includes animal overdose data in which extremely large doses produced convulsions and death, illustrating that pyridoxine is not completely without toxicity at sufficiently high exposure levels.
Sensitivity to pyridoxine or to components of a particular pyridoxine hydrochloride formulation is a contraindication for that product.
Individuals with a known sensitivity should therefore avoid exposure unless specifically evaluated and managed by an appropriate healthcare professional.
The hazards of pyridoxine hydrochloride can differ depending on whether the material is handled as a pure laboratory substance, pharmaceutical raw material, oral formulation, or injectable product.
Finished injectable products may contain additional ingredients and therefore require consideration of the complete formulation rather than pyridoxine hydrochloride alone.
Supply Of Pyridoxine hydrochloride:
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