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Pyrithione zinc is not shown to have any significant estrogenic activity according to the in vivo and in vitro assays.
Pyrithione zinc is a compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Pyrithione zinc is an active ingredient designed to treat dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and various fungal infections of the skin and scalp.
CAS Number: 13463-41-7
Molecular Formula: C10H8N2O2S2Zn
Molecular Weight: 317.7
EINECS Number: 236-671-3
Synonyms: 1-HYDROXY-2-PYRIDINE THIONE, ZN SALT;1-HYDROXYPYRIDINE-2-THIONE ZINC;Pyrithione zincique;Bis[(1-oxylatopyridinium)-2-ylthio] zinc;Bis[(1-oxylatopyridinium-2-yl)thio]zinc;Bis[[(pyridine 1-oxide)-2-yl]thio] zinc salt;Bis(2-pyridylthio) Zinc 1,1'-Dioxide 1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione Zinc Salt 2-Pyridinethiol 1-Oxide Zinc Salt Zinc Pyrithione;zincpolyanemine
Pyrithione zinc is the complexes of zinc bromide, in the early 1930s, was already synthesized and used as a topical antifungal or antibacterial agent.
At room temperature it is white to yellow crystalline powder.
Pyrithione zinc react with cationic and non-ionic surfactants forming insoluble precipitate, unstable in the light and oxidizer, when at higher temperatures ,it is not stable to acids and bases.
Pyrithione zinc is not compatible with EDTA, non-ionic surfactants make it partially deactivated. When with the presence of heavy metals, chelation or anti-sequestration will occur, and these chelates are insoluble in water.
EEC and GB7916-87 provide that maximum allowable concentration of mass fraction of zinc pyrithione on cosmetics is 0.5%, only for cleaning after using products.
General concentration 250~1000mg/kg (active), zinc pyrithione can be used in gels, creams, lotions, talcum powder and anti-dandruff shampoo, deodorant and also for disinfecting articles.
Zinc pyrithione is a coordination complex of zinc and pyrithione that has antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
It is active against the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. cloacae (MICs = 1-4 μg/ml) and the fungus P. ovale when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μg/ml.
Zinc pyrithione reduces tumor growth in an SCC-4 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg per week for six weeks.
Formulations containing zinc pyrithione have been used in the treatment of dandruff.
Pyrithione zinc is a coordination complex of zinc.
It has fungistatic (inhibiting the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff.
Pyrithione zinc is a beneficial compound owing to its antimicrobial properties and finds extensive application in personal care products and cosmetics.
Primarily utilized in cleansing formulations like shampoos and soap, this ingredient effectively targets dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and fungal skin infections by inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria responsible for these conditions.
It also alleviates symptoms like itching, flaking, and redness on the scalp and skin.
Pyrithione zinc’s ability to regulate microbial balance and control sebum production makes it an essential ingredient in products designed to promote scalp and skin health, offering consumers relief from common dermatological issues with proven efficacy.
The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers.
In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer, where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers.
In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond.
Pyrithione zinc, or zinc pyrithione or zinc pyridinethione, is a coordination complex consisted of pyrithione ligands chelated to zinc (2+) ions via oxygen and sulfur centers.
In the crystalline state, it exists as a centrosymmetric dimer.
Due to its dynamic fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties, pyrithione zinc is used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Dandruff is a common scalp disease affecting >40% of the world's adult population, and may be caused by fungi such as Malassezia globosa and M. restricta 3.
Pyrithione zinc is commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC antidandruff topical treatments such as shampoos.
Pyrithione zinc mediates its action by increasing the cellular levels of copper, and damaging iron-sulfur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism and growth.
Due to low solubility, pyrithione zinc released from the topical formulations is deposited and retained relatively well onto the target skin surfaces.
Other uses of pyrithione zinc include additive in antifouling outdoor paints and algaecide.
While its use has been approved in the early 1960's by the FDA 4, safety and effectiveness of pyrithione zinc has been reported for decades.
Pyrithione zinc inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria that contribute to these conditions, helping to reduce flakiness, itching, and irritation.
Additionally, it aids in controlling sebum production, contributing to a healthier scalp environment.
The chemical formula of Zinc Pyrithione is C10H8N2O2S2Zn.
Pyrithione zinc is synthesized through a multistep chemical process.
Initially, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium pyrithione.
Pyrithione zinc undergoes a double displacement reaction with zinc sulfate, yielding Zinc Pyrithione precipitate.
Pyrithione zinc is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a fine powder.
Pyrithione zinc is a coordination complex of zinc.
Pyrithione zinc has fungistatic (that is, it inhibits the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers.
In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see gure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers.
Pyrithione zinc face wash can help alleviate redness and itching associated with seborrheic dermatitis on the face.
Pyrithione zinc can also help alleviate some of the greasiness associated with eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.
Pyrithione zinc is a chemical compound commonly used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent in personal care products, especially in dandruff shampoos.
Pyrithione zincs primary function is to treat scalp conditions such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and other fungal-related skin disorders.
The compound is a coordination complex consisting of zinc and pyrithione, a sulfur-containing organic molecule.
It works by inhibiting the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which is believed to play a key role in causing dandruff.
Pyrithione zinc also has mild antimicrobial properties that can help reduce the presence of other bacteria and fungi on the scalp.
It is widely found in over-the-counter products like dandruff shampoos, scalp treatments, and some skin care items.
Pyrithione zinc is generally regarded as safe when used as directed, although prolonged or excessive use may cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Melting point: approximate 240℃
Density: 1.782 g/cm3(Temp: 25 °C)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: almost transparency in Pyridine
form: Powder
color: White to Orange to Green
Odor: Mild Characteristic
Water Solubility: Insoluble (<0.1 g/100 mL at 21 ºC)
Merck: 14,7994
InChI: InChI=1S/2C5H5NOS.Zn/c2*7-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)8;/h2*1-4,8H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey: OTPSWLRZXRHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES: C1(C=CC=C[N+]=1[O-])S[Zn]SC1C=CC=C[N+]=1[O-]
LogP: 0.9 at 25℃ and pH7.5-7.7
Pyrithione zinc is a regulator of keratinization, selenium sulfide has antimicrobial properties and ketoconazole is an antifungal agent (i.e.can provide the reduction of the lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur).
Pyrithione zinc shampoos (in concentrations between 1 to 2%) and shampoos with selenium sulide have been reported to be effective in the treatment of scalp psoriasis.
However,their efficacy has not been substantiated by controlled studies.
There is also some evidence that shampoos with antifungal agents (e.g.ketoconazole)can have a beneficial effect on scalp conditions.
It should be noted, however, that the effectiveness of these shampoos is much smaller than these containing tars, corticosteroids or keratolytics.
Pyrithione zinc is very rapidly transformed by photolysis.
Experiments conducted under sterile conditions with a light:dark cycle of 12:12 hours have shown that, under exposure to light, the concentration of [pyridine-2,6-14C]Pyrithione zinc in pH 9 buffer was reduced to 33% of the radioactivity added in 15 min.
Data from this study also demonstrated that less than 5% of the 14C added occurred as Pyrithione zinc after 1 hour of exposure to light.
Similar results have been achieved when photolysis of zinc pyrithione was investigated by use of artificial seawater.
In this study, the parent compound constituted 45% of the radioactivity added after 15 min while, after 24 hours, 1.3% of the added dose occurred as Pyrithione zinc.
The estimated half-lives of the photolytic transformation of Pyrithione zinc was 13 min in pH 9 buffer and 17.5 min in artificial seawater.
The toxicity of the active substance Pyrithione zinc has been investigated in standard laboratory tests with a number of aquatic organisms living in fresh water (the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna, the fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)) and in seawater (the crustacean Mysidopsis bahia, the fish sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) and the oyster (Crassostrea virginica)).
Pyrithione zinc is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor.
It remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both.
It is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.
Because of its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), Pyrithione zinc is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that protect against mildew and algae.
It is an algaecide. It is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents.
When it is used in latex paints with water containing much iron, a sequestering agent that preferentially binds the iron ions is needed.
Pyrithione zinc is decomposed by ultraviolet light slowly, providing years of protection in direct sunlight.
Pyrithione zinc is known to exhibit antibacterial activity by disrupting cell membrane integrity and essential metabolic functions in bacteria.
Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism.
A study from 2011 showed that antifungal effects of Zinc pyrithione work by copper toxicity mechanism that targets critical iron–sulphur proteins.
Pyrithione zinc is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a treatment for dandruff and is the active ingredient in several anti-dandruff shampoos and body wash gels.
In its industrial forms and strengths, it may be harmful by contact or ingestion.
Pyrithione zinc can in the laboratory setting trigger a variety of responses, such as DNA damage in skin cells.
Pyrithione zinc is an organozinc compound that features both antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Its chemical structure includes a pyrithione (a sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound) coordinated with zinc.
The zinc ion acts as a central metal, helping enhance the effectiveness of Pyrithione zinc in combating microbial growth.
Pyrithione zinc works by disrupting the growth of fungi, particularly Malassezia, a genus of yeast commonly found on the scalp.
This yeast is thought to contribute to dandruff by irritating the skin and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells.
Pyrithione zinc inhibits the cellular processes of Malassezia, reducing its proliferation.
It also exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it effective against a variety of bacteria that may contribute to scalp or skin conditions.
The compound is thought to interfere with the synthesis of essential fatty acids in microorganisms, disrupting their metabolism and limiting their growth.
Pyrithione zinc is generally safe for topical use, but it can cause skin irritation, dryness, or allergic reactions in some individuals.
Prolonged use or high concentrations may lead to scalp dryness, itching, or redness in some cases.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Pyrithione zinc for use in over-the-counter dandruff shampoos at concentrations of up to 2%.
Uses:
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and laboratory chemicals.
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.
Pyrithione zinc is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and.
Release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Shampoo for dandruff,Pyrithione zinc can inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria and mold growth,Care hair Effectively , delay hair aging ,control white hair and hair loss generation.
Pyrithione zinc is also used as a cosmetic preservative, oil, paint biocide.
Pyrithione zinc has a strong killing power on fungi and bacteria so that it can effectively kill dandruff fungus,playing a role in dandruff .
Pyrithione zinc is a preservative against bacteria, fungi, and yeast.
It is unstable in light and in the presence of oxidizing agents.
Pyrithione zinc is useful in gels, creams, heavy lotions, and talcum powder.
Reactions may lead to photosensitive eczema and actinic reticuloid syndrome.
Pyrithione zinc is used as antifungal, antibacterial and antiseborrheic agent used in many shampoos and hair creams.
Pyrithione zinc is directly cytotoxic and has antimicrobial effects.
Pyrithione zinc is found in many shampoos (DHS-Zinc, Head and Shoulders) and should be applied for 5 minutes daily for 2 weeks.
Pyrithione zinc is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor.
It remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both.
Pyrithione zinc is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.
Pyrithione zinc can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.
It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor, and vitiligo.
Use of Pyrithione zinc is prohibited within cosmetic products in the European Union since December 2021.
The substance was considered safe for use in rinse-off and leave-in products of different tested concentrations, but due to potential environmental toxicity consideration of the of use of zinc pyrithione was made against potential alternative substance ingredients.
Due to no industry submission to the regulators supporting the continued use of Pyrithione zinc and/or an absence of indications that there were no suitable alternatives to the substance: the use of Pyrithione zinc became automatically prohibited within cosmetic products as an intended ingredient.
This was as a consequence of Pyrithione zinc addition to the Cosmetic Product Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Annex II list.
Shampoo for dandru,zinc pyrithione can inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria and mold growth,Care hair Eectively , delay hair aging ,control white hair and hair loss generation.
Pyrithione zinc is also used as a cosmetic preservative, oil, paint biocide.
Pyrithione zinc has a strong killing power on fungi and bacteria so that it can eectively kill dandru fungus,playing a role in dandru.
Pyrithione zinc is directly cytotoxic and has antimicrobial eects.
Pyrithione zinc is found in many shampoos (DHS-Zinc, Head and Shoulders) and should be applied for 5 minutes daily for 2 weeks.
Pyrithione zinc is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandru and seborrheic dermatitis and is also eective in the therapy of tinea versicolor.
Pyrithione zinc remains unclear whether the benecial eects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial eect or both.
Pyrithione zinc is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic eect after washing.
Pyrithione zinc is a preservative against bacteria, fungi, and yeast.
Pyrithione zinc is unstable in light and in the presence of oxidizing agents.
Pyrithione zinc is useful in gels, creams, heavy lotions, and talcum powder.
Reactions may lead to photosensitive eczema and actinic reticuloid syndrome.
Pyrithione zinc is used as antifungal, antibacterial and antiseborrheic agent used in many shampoos and hair creams.
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and laboratory chemicals.
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following areas: scientic research and development and health services.
Pyrithione zinc is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Pyrithione zinc is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Release to the environment of Pyrithione zinc can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Pyrithione zinc is primarily used in shampoos for treating dandruff, an itchy, flaky scalp condition.
It helps control the overproduction of skin cells and yeast growth, addressing both the symptoms and underlying causes of dandruff.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, it can also be used in some acne treatments, helping to reduce the growth of bacteria on the skin.
Pyrithione zinc is sometimes used in topical treatments for conditions like eczema or psoriasis, where fungal or bacterial involvement is suspected.
Pyrithione zinc is most commonly found in anti-dandruff shampoos. It helps control the growth of Malassezia, a yeast that can contribute to dandruff, by reducing inflammation and shedding of skin cells on the scalp.
It inhibits the growth of the fungus responsible for dandruff, leading to improved scalp health.
Pyrithione zinc is used in shampoos, creams, and lotions to treat seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects areas of the skin with high sebaceous (oil) production, such as the scalp, face, and chest.
The compound reduces flaking, itching, and irritation caused by the overgrowth of yeast or fungi.
Pyrithione zinc’s antibacterial properties make it useful in some acne treatments.
It can help control the growth of bacteria on the skin, which may contribute to acne outbreaks, especially when used in topical creams or lotions.
Pyrithione zinc is sometimes included in topical treatments for psoriasis and eczema, particularly when fungal or bacterial infections are involved in exacerbating symptoms.
It can help reduce inflammation and control microbial overgrowth, which may worsen these conditions.
Pyrithione zinc is also included in various skin care formulations for its antibacterial effects.
It helps prevent infections in wounds, cuts, and abrasions by inhibiting bacterial growth.
It is used in some antibacterial soaps and body washes, particularly for people with sensitive skin or conditions like body acne.
Pyrithione zinc has been explored for use in treating certain fungal skin infections, such as ringworm (tinea), athlete’s foot, and other dermatophyte infections.
The compound’s antifungal properties make it an effective ingredient in some topical antifungal treatments.
Safety Profile:
While generally safe for topical use, Pyrithione zinc may cause mild side effects such as skin irritation, redness, or dryness, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged or excessive use can exacerbate these symptoms.
Additionally, some people may experience allergic reactions characterized by itching or swelling.
Pyrithione zinc is advisable to perform a patch test before widespread application and discontinue use if adverse reactions occur.
Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes.
Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route.
An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects.
Pyrithione zinc when heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and ZnO. Used as an anti- dandruff agent in shampoos.
Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions, including redness, itching, or a rash.
This is more likely if the concentration of Pyrithione zinc is too high or if a person has sensitive skin.
Prolonged or excessive use of Pyrithione zinc-containing products may cause contact dermatitis, characterized by irritation, dryness, or peeling of the skin.
Pyrithione zinc can cause significant irritation to the eyes if it comes into direct contact. Symptoms of eye irritation may include redness, stinging, tearing, and swelling.
Pyrithione zinc is important to avoid getting shampoos or other products containing pyrithione zinc into the eyes.
Pyrithione zinc should never be ingested.
If consumed, Pyrithione zinc can be toxic, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
In severe cases, Pyrithione zinc can cause more serious health effects.
Although it is not common, there is a potential risk if a child or pet ingests a product containing Pyrithione zinc.
There is some concern that prolonged use of pyrithione zinc, especially in high concentrations or on broken skin, could lead to absorption through the skin, potentially causing systemic effects.
