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Retinol, retinal and retinoic acid are the aldehyde, alcohol and acid forms of vitamin A.
The retinoids exist as many geometric isomers due to the unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic chain.
Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
CAS Number: 68-26-8
Molecular Formula: C20H30O
Molecular Weight: 286.45
EINECS Number:b200-683-7
Retinol is biologically active in a wide range of processes.
Retinol is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, including vitamin A, retinal, retinoic acid, provitamin A carotenoids, and beta-carotene.
The human immune system is unable to grow and develop without Retinol.
Retinol, in the form of retinal, combines with opsin to form rhodopsin which is vital for low-light and color vision.
As retinoic acid,Retinol functions as a hormone-like growth factor that supports epithelial cells.
Retinol also shows lipoperoxy radical scavenging activity, and has antioxidant and fluorescent properties.
Retinol is a form of vitamin A, which is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including vision, immune system support, and skin health.
Retinol, specifically, is a derivative of vitamin A that is commonly used in skincare products and is known for its beneficial effects on the skin.
Human Retinol is derived from the natural food.
Natural Retinol exists in dif ferent forms.
In animal tissues, Retinol is present in the form of retinoids.
However, in plants, the form of Retinol called carotenoids is contained in the green, orange, and yellow plant tissue.
Retinol compounds such as vitamin A, reti nal, carotene, and so on from these foods can be converted to vitamin A in the human body.
Therefore, food is the main source of Retinol.
As early as 1000 years ago, the Qian Jin Yao Fang written by Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty recorded that animal liver can cure night blindness.
This is the early recognition in vitamin A supplementation.
The traditional Chinese medicine books also recorded that nourishing the liver can improve eyesight.
Researches on the therapy of vitamin A deficient-diseases are mainly related to nourishing the liver and kidney, supplementing essence and blood, and activating qi.
Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development.
Dietary sources include fish, dairy products, and meat.
As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent Retinol deficiency, especially that which results in xerophthalmia.
Retinol is taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle.
As an ingredient in skin-care products, it is used to reduce wrinkles and other effects of skin aging.
Retinol at normal doses is well tolerated.
High doses may cause enlargement of the liver, dry skin, and hypervitaminosis A.
High doses during pregnancy may harm the fetus.
The body converts retinol to retinal and retinoic acid, through which it acts.
Retinol was discovered in 1909, isolated in 1931, and first made in 1947.
Retinol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Retinol is available as a generic medication and over the counter.
Retinol is well-known for its potential benefits in skincare.
Retinol is used to address a range of skin concerns, including fine lines, wrinkles, uneven skin tone, acne, and sun damage.
Retinol stimulates collagen production in the skin.
Collagen is a protein that helps maintain skin's elasticity and firmness, making it an effective ingredient for reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Retinol encourages skin cell turnover, which means it helps shed old, damaged skin cells and promotes the growth of new, healthy skin cells.
This can lead to smoother and more youthful-looking skin.
Retinol is used to treat acne by preventing the formation of clogged pores, promoting the shedding of dead skin cells, and reducing inflammation associated with acne breakouts.
Retinol can help fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation, such as age spots and sunspots, by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin.
Retinol has a mild exfoliating effect, which can help unclog pores and improve skin texture.
Retinol can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation, so it is crucial to use sunscreen daily when using products containing retinol.
Sun protection helps prevent sunburn and further sun damage.
Retinol often takes several weeks to months of consistent use to see noticeable improvements in the skin.
Retinol is available in various skincare products, including creams, serums, and oils.
The concentration of retinol in these products can vary, so it's essential to choose the right product for your skin type and concerns.
There are both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription-strength retinol products.
Prescription versions, such as tretinoin, are generally more potent but may also be associated with more side effects.
OTC products are milder and are suitable for many people without a prescription.
Retinol can cause skin irritation, redness, dryness, and peeling, especially when first starting to use it.
Retinol is essential to follow product instructions and introduce retinol gradually into your skincare routine to minimize these side effects.
Manufacturing process for Retinol includes these steps as follows: Step A: Synthesis of Preparation of ethyl ether of ethynyl-β-ionol;Step B: Coupling Reaction; Step C:Semi-Hydrogenation of Coupling Product;Step D:Hydrolysis of Semi-Hydrogenated Coupling Product.
Separation of Retinol from the product obtained was achieved by acetylating the total reaction product using pyridine-acetic anhydride at room temperature and chromatographing on alumina neutralized with acetic acid.
A fairly clean separation was achieved.
The Retinol acetate fraction was sufficiently pure to become crystallized from pentane at -15°C when seeded with a pure Vitamin A acetate crystal.
When the Retinol acetate was converted to the alcohol form of Vitamin A, the final product showed the characteristic infrared and ultraviolet absorption curves for Retinol.
Similar results were obtained using as co-solvents (with the liquid ammonia) ethylene diamine and ether; pentane; tetrahydrofuran; diethylamine and hexamethylphosphoramide.
Retinol and its derivatives exhibit anti-aging properties.
Retinol is used for treating wrinkles and signs of aging.
However, due to its photo instability and skin irritation potency, Retinol is hardly used in cosmetic formulations.
Retinol is also used as a therapeutic for dermatoses.
Retinol deficiency leads to xerosis and follicular hyperkeratosis.
Principal dietary sources of Retinol are milk fat (cheese and butter) and eggs.
Since it is stored in the liver, inclusion of liver in the diet also provides Retinol.
A plant pigment, carotene, is a precursor for Retinol and is present in highly pigmented vegetables, such as carrots, rutabaga, and red cabbage.
An early sign of hypovitaminosis A is night blindness.
This condition is related to the role of Retinol as the prosthetic group of the visual pigment rhodopsin.
The night blindness may progress to xerophthalmia (dryness and ulceration of the cornea) and blindness.
Other symptoms of Retinol deficiency include cessation of growth and skin changes due to hyperkeratosis.
Since Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin, any disease that results in fat malabsorption and impaired liver storage brings with it the risk of Retinol deficiency; these conditions include biliary tract disease, pancreatic disease, sprue, and hepatic cirrhosis.
One group at great risk are children from low-income families, who are likely to lack fresh vegetables (carotene) and dairy products (vitamin A) in the diet.
Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for eyesight, maintenance of the skin, and human development.
Other than for vision, the active compound is all-trans-retinoic acid, synthesized from retinal, in turn synthesized from retinol.
Retinol is part of a family of compounds known as retinoids.
The retinoid family includes various forms of Retinol, such as retinyl palmitate, retinol, retinaldehyde, and prescription-strength retinoids like tretinoin (Retin-A) and isotretinoin (Accutane).
Retinols vary in potency, with prescription-strength options typically being more potent than over-the-counter retinol.
Adapalene is another Retinol that is often available over-the-counter and by prescription.
Retinol is known for its effectiveness in treating acne and is typically gentler on the skin compared to some other retinoids.
The efficacy of retinol can vary from person to person, depending on factors like skin type, the concentration of retinol in the product, and the frequency of use.
When using a retinol product, a pea-sized amount is often recommended for the entire face.
Retinol using too much can increase the risk of skin irritation.
Retinol is typically applied at night as it can break down in sunlight and may become less effective.
Applying it before bedtime allows for maximum absorption and benefits.
Retinol can be used in combination with other skincare ingredients like hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, and antioxidants to address multiple skin concerns.
For best results, it's important to use retinol consistently over time.
Skipping applications can delay or reduce its effectiveness.
Retinol's advisable to start with a lower concentration product and gradually increase the strength as skin builds tolerance.
This can help minimize initial irritation.
Retinol's a good idea to consult with a dermatologist.
They can provide personalized recommendations and may even prescribe stronger retinoid formulations if needed.
Retinol may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with certain skin conditions or sensitivities.
Pregnant or nursing individuals are typically advised to avoid retinol products due to potential risks to the developing fetus or infant.
Beyond addressing specific skin concerns, retinol is often used for anti-aging and as part of a long-term skincare routine to maintain healthy and youthful-looking skin.
This vitamin plays an essential role in vision, particularly night vision, normal bone and tooth development, reproduction, and the health of skin and mucous membranes (the mucus-secreting layer that lines body regions such as the respiratory tract).
Retinol also acts in the body as an antioxidant, a protective chemical that may reduce the risk of certain cancers.
There are two sources of dietary Retinol.
Active forms, which are immediately available to the body are obtained from animal products.
These are known as retinoids and include retinaldehyde and retinol.
Precursors, also known as provitamins, which must be converted to active forms by the body, are obtained from fruits and vegetables containing yellow, orange and dark green pigments, known as carotenoids, the most well-known being β-carotene.
For this reason, amounts of Retinol are measured in Retinol Equivalents (RE).
One RE is equivalent to 0.001 mg of retinol, or 0.006 mg of β-carotene, or 3.3 International Units of vitamin A.
In the intestine, vitamin A is protected from being chemically changed by vitamin E.
Retinol is fat-soluble and can be stored in the body.
Most of the vitamin A consumed is stored in the liver.
When required by a particular part of the body, the liver releases some Retinol, which is carried by the blood and delivered to the target cells and tissues.
Retinol deficiency is common in developing countries but rarely seen in developed countries.
Approximately 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children in the developing world go blind each year from a deficiency of Retinol.
Retinol deficiency in expecting mothers increases the mortality rate of children shortly after childbirth.
Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency.
Retinol deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry and damaging the retina and cornea.
Retinol is one of the animal forms of vitamin A.
Retinol is a diterpenoid and an alcohol.
Commercial production of retinol typically requires retinal synthesis through reduction of a pentadiene derivative and subsequent acidification/hydrolysis of the resulting isomer to produce retinol.
Pure retinol is extremely sensitive to oxidization and is prepared and transported at low temperatures and oxygen free atmospheres.
All retinoid forms of vitamin A are used in cosmetic and medical applications applied to the skin.
Melting point: 61-63 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 368.81°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.9933 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.641
Flash point: -26 °C
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 14.09±0.10(Predicted)
form: crystalline
color: yellow to orange
Water Solubility: Practically insoluble inwaterorglycerol; soluble in absolute alcohol,methanol,℃hloroform, ether, fats and oils.
Sensitive: Moisture & Light Sensitive
Merck: 13,10073
BRN: 403040
Stability: Stable, but light and air sensitive. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 5.680
CAS DataBase Reference: 68-26-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR: 184.1930; 582.5930; 101.9; 104.20; 107.10; 107.100; 310.545
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): VITAMIN A
Retinol, or Vitamin A, is essential for the proper maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of epithelial cells, and it plays a major role in epithelial differentiation. Bone development and growth in children have also been linked to adequate vitamin A intake. Vitamin A, when reduced to the aldehyde 11-cis-retinal, combines with opsin to produce the visual pigment rhodopsin. This pigment is present in the rods of the retina and is partly responsible for the process of dark adaptation.
Intake of vitamin A precursors, such as carotenoids, retinyl esters, retinol, and reti nal, can maintain the epithelial cell differentiation, normal proliferation, and visual function.
All of these substances can be metabolized into retinol, retinal, and reti noic acid.
But unlike retinol and retinal, retinoic acid cannot be reduced to retinol and retinal.
Intake of retinoic acid can only maintain the systemic function of Retinol.
Visual and vitamin A, 11-cis-retinal plays an important role as a photographic group of retinal cones and visual pigments in rod cells.
11-cis-retinal would be transformed into all-trans-retinal form under the light induction.
The dissociation of all-trans Retinol and opsin was coupled with the nerve stimulation of the brain’s visual center.
By a series of biochemical processes, nerve impulses format in the rod cells at the end of synapse, and then the optic nerve conducts the nerve impulses along.
The visual process is a component renewable cycle, and all-trans-retinal can be enzymatically modified to 11-cis form in dark conditions.
The systemic effects of Retinol.
Retinol not only significantly affects visual function but also has a greater physiological impact than visual function.
Retinol deficiency destroys the visual cycle, leads to dark adaptation damage (night blind ness or nyctalopia), and destroys systemic function which is necessary to maintain life (e.g., corneal injury, infection, and hypoplasia).
Retinol deficiency can lead to animal death.
Retinol functions in reproduction and embryonic development.
Retinol plays an important role in the reproductive process of sperm production and ovula tion, but its biochemical basis is unclear.
Retinol plays a key role in the develop ment of embryos and organism and maintenance of tissue function. The main organs affected by vitamin A deficiency are the heart, eye tissue, circulatory system, geni tourinary system, and respiratory system. Retinol is necessary for embryonic development.
Retinol functions on immune function.
The lymphoid organs, cell distribu tion, histology, lymphocytes, and other characteristics will change when the ani mals lack Retinol.
Retinol deficiency can lead to immune function decrease, induce inflammation, and exacerbate inflammatory symptoms
Retinol functions in dermatology.
Retinol plays an important role in main taining healthy skin.
Retinol deficiency disrupts human keratin cell terminal dif ferentiation and makes the skin rough, dry, scaly, and clogged
Retinol is reported that vitamin A can degrade malignant melanoma and T-cell lymphoma epidermal transfer, reduce the oil secretion of the common acne and the number of bacteria in the epidermis and capillaries, and inhibit immune response of monocytes and neutrophils.
Retinol plays an important role as an important function material in the body system, such as hematopoietic function, bone development, tumor prevention, and so on.
Therefore, supplement of Retinol is necessary for health requirements
Acute hypervitaminosis A results in drowsiness, headache, vomiting, papilledema, and a bulging fontanel in infants.
The symptoms of chronic toxicity include scaly skin, hair loss, brittle nails, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Anorexia, irritability, and swelling of the bones have been seen in children.
Retardation of growth also may occur.
Liver toxicity has been associated with excessive Retinol intake.
Retinol is teratogenic in large amounts, and supplements should not be given during a normal pregnancy.
The IOM has reported the UL of vitamin A to be 3,000 μg/day.
Retinol is an essential compound in the cycle of light-activated chemical reactions called the "visual cycle" that underlies vertebrate vision.
Retinol is converted by the protein RPE65 within the pigment epithelium of the retina into 11-cis-retinal.
This molecule is then transported into the retina's photoreceptor cells (the rod or cone cells in mammals) where it binds to an opsin protein and acts as a light-activated molecular switch.
When 11-cis-retinal absorbs light it isomerizes into all-trans-retinal.
The change in the shape of the molecule in turn changes the configuration of the opsin in a cascade that leads to the neuronal firing, which signals the detection of light.
The opsin then splits into the protein component (such metarhodopsin) and the cofactor all-trans-retinal.
The regeneration of active opsin requires conversion of all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinal via retinol.
The regeneration of 11-cis-retinal occurs in vertebrates via conversion of all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol in a sequence of chemical transformations that occurs primarily in the pigment epithelial cells.
Without adequate amounts of retinol, regeneration of rhodopsin is incomplete and night blindness occurs.
Night blindness, the inability to see well in dim light, is associated with a deficiency of Retinol, a class of compounds that includes retinol and retinal.
In the early stages of vitamin A deficiency, the more light-sensitive and abundant rods, which have rhodopsin, have impaired sensitivity, and the cone cells are less affected.
The cones are less abundant than rods and come in three types, each contains its own type of iodopsin, the opsins of the cones.
The cones mediate color vision, and vision in bright light.
Deficiencies in Retinol have been linked to an increased susceptibility to skin infection and inflammation.
Retinol appears to modulate the innate immune response and maintains homeostasis of epithelial tissues and mucosa through its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA).
As part of the innate immune system, toll-like receptors in skin cells respond to pathogens and cell damage by inducing a pro-inflammatory immune response which includes increased RA production.
The epithelium of the skin encounters bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Keratinocytes of the epidermal layer of the skin produce and secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
Production of AMPs resistin and cathelicidin, are promoted by RA.
Another way that Retinol helps maintain a healthy skin and hair follicle microbiome, especially on the face, is by reduction of sebum secretion, which is a nutrient source for bacteria.
Retinol has been the subject of clinical studies related to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines on the face and neck.
The skin around the eyes is thinner and more delicate, making it more prone to irritation.
Retinol's usually best to avoid applying retinol directly to the eyelids or too close to the eye area. Instead, use a specially formulated eye cream if you want to address concerns in that area.
Retinol using sunscreen daily is crucial when using retinol or any retinoid product.
Retinol can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation, so sunscreen helps protect the skin from sun damage and reduces the risk of skin irritation.
Incorporating a moisturizer into your skincare routine can help combat the dryness and peeling that can occur with retinol use.
Look for a gentle, hydrating moisturizer that works well with your skin type.
Retinol's important to be patient when using retinol.
Results may not be immediately visible, and skin improvement can take several weeks to months.
Start with a lower concentration and gradually increase it as skin becomes more accustomed to the product.
While using retinol, it's advisable to avoid harsh or abrasive skincare products, such as strong exfoliants or scrubs, which can exacerbate skin sensitivity.
Pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid retinol and most other retinoids due to the potential risks to the fetus or infant.
Consult with a healthcare professional for safe skincare alternatives during this time.
History Of Retinol:
The vitamin research is the great achievement in the development of life sciences, while human beings only took half a century to discover and understand vitamins.
However, everything is still very difficult for scientists in the early stage of vitamin discovery.
From 1913 to 1915, Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis indicated that the growth rate was maintained by at least two different kinds of growth factors: one can be separated from eggs or butter, and the other one which multiple neuritis of chicks and pigeons can be extracted by water; thus they were named fat-soluble Retinol and water-soluble vitamin B.
In 1919, the researchers demonstrated that fat-soluble Retinol not only sup ported the rate of growth but also prevented eye dryness and night blindness in the process of property study.
In 1920, Dr. J.C. Drummond named this active lipid as vitamin A.
Retinol exists in cod liver oil and prevents the occurrence of eye dryness and night blindness.
Uses Of Retinol:
Retinol) is the fat-soluble vitamin a which is required for new cell growth and prevention of night blindness.
There is no appreciable loss by heating or freezing, and it is stable in the absence of air.
Sources include liver, fortified margarine, egg, and milk.
Retinol palmitate can be found in frozen egg substitute.
Occurs preformed only in animals; metabolized from carotenoids, such β-carotene, in the intestinal mucosa.
Dietary sources include liver, milk, butter, cheese, eggs and fish liver oils or as carotenoi s from fruits and vegetables.
Stored primarily in the liver in esterified form; transported in the blood by retinol binding protein (RBP).
Retinol is a retinoid considered to be a skin revitalizer.
Retinol is reported to enhance skin radiance and treat conditions associated with chronological aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines, as well as dermatological disorders, including acne, follicular and lesion papules, actinic keratosis, oily skin, and rosacea.
According to clinical dermatologists, retinol is one of the few substances with a demonstrated ability to reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles.
Retinol is able to alter the behavior of aged cells so they act in a more youthful manner.
Retinol is considered necessary for normal epidermal cell growth and differentiation and stimulates the production of new blood vessels in the skin, improving skin tone.
In addition, retinol has anti-oxidant capacities and protects dermal fibers by counteracting the increased activity of enzymes that degrade collagen and elastin when the skin is exposed to uV rays.
Retinol can be drying to the skin when used for a prolonged period of time or in concentrations that are too high.
A weaker retinoid than retinoic acid, retinol converts to retinoic acid once on the skin.
When compared to retinoic acid, retinol has an increased penetration potential and is less irritating, making it an effective ingredient for anti-aging products.
The anti-aging benefits of topically treating skin with retinol are based on its penetration ability, which allows it to reach the sites in the skin requiring treatment.
When used on sensitive skin for a prolonged period of time or in concentrations that are too high, retinol can cause dermatitis.
Through dietary modification involving the adjustment of menu choices of affected persons from available food sources to optimize Retinol content.
Enriching commonly eaten and affordable foods with Retinol, a process called fortification.
Retinol involves addition of synthetic vitamin A to staple foods like margarine, bread, flours, cereals, and infant formula during processing.
By giving high-doses of Retinol to the targeted deficient population, a method known as supplementation.
In regions where deficiency is common, a single large dose is recommended to those at high risk twice a year.
Retinol is widely recognized for its anti-aging properties.
Retinol helps reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots by stimulating collagen production, promoting skin cell turnover, and improving skin texture.
Many people incorporate retinol into their skincare routine to maintain a youthful complexion.
Retinol and some retinoid derivatives are effective in treating acne.
They help prevent clogged pores, reduce inflammation, and encourage the shedding of dead skin cells, which can lead to fewer breakouts and clearer skin.
Retinol can fade hyperpigmentation, including dark spots, sunspots, and melasma.
Retinol inhibits the production of melanin and encourages the turnover of pigmented skin cells, resulting in a more even skin tone.
Retinol can help improve skin texture by reducing roughness and promoting smoother, softer skin.
Retinol is often used to address issues like uneven skin texture and large pores.
Some people use retinol as a preventative measure to maintain healthy and youthful-looking skin and to delay the signs of aging.
Retinol may help improve the appearance of certain types of scars, such as acne scars, by promoting skin cell turnover and collagen production.
Retinol can contribute to overall skin health by promoting a more vibrant and youthful appearance.
Retinol is often incorporated into skincare routines to support healthy and radiant skin.
Retinol can be used in combination with other skincare ingredients like hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, and peptides to address multiple skin concerns and provide a comprehensive skincare routine.
Retinol is often used in combination with other active ingredients to create a well-rounded skincare routine.
For example, combining retinol with antioxidants like vitamin C can provide added protection against environmental damage.
Retinol can be particularly effective in smoothing rough skin, such as the skin on the elbows, knees, and heels.
Specialized body creams containing retinol can help improve the texture of these areas.
Some individuals use retinol products to reduce the appearance of stretch marks.
While it may not completely eliminate them, retinol's ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture can contribute to a reduction in the visibility of stretch marks.
Dermatologists often recommend retinol or retinoid products as part of post-procedure skincare routines.
These products can help promote healing, reduce redness, and maintain the results of procedures like chemical peels or laser treatments.
Retinol products can be effective for addressing "bacne" or acne on the back.
They work similarly to their role in treating facial acne by unclogging pores and reducing inflammation.
Retinol can have anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for individuals with certain skin conditions, such as rosacea.
However, the use of Retinol in these cases should be carefully monitored by a dermatologist.
Retinol and retinoids can contribute to an overall improvement in skin tone and texture.
This includes reducing redness, improving skin elasticity, and providing a smoother, more youthful appearance.
Even after achieving desired results, many people continue to use retinol or retinoid products in their skincare routine to maintain healthy and youthful-looking skin as part of their long-term skincare strategy.
Retinol and retinoid products come in various formulations, including creams, serums, gels, and oils.
Choosing the right formulation depends on individual preferences and skin type.
Some individuals incorporate retinol into their skincare routine at a younger age to prevent the signs of aging from appearing prematurely.
This can be part of a proactive approach to skincare.
For those with specific skin concerns or conditions, consulting with a dermatologist is highly recommended before starting a retinol or Retinol regimen.
Retinol's generally recommended to apply retinol products in the evening as part of your nighttime skincare routine.
This allows the product to work while you sleep and minimizes potential sun sensitivity during the day.
Reiterating the importance of daily sunscreen use is crucial when using retinol or retinoids.
Sunscreen helps protect the skin from UV damage, which can exacerbate skin issues and increase the risk of sunburn.
While retinol can be effective, it may also lead to dryness or flakiness, especially in the initial stages of use.
Incorporating a hydrating moisturizer into your routine can help combat these side effects and keep the skin barrier healthy.
The frequency of retinol use depends on the product's concentration and your skin's tolerance.
Some individuals start by using retinol products every other night or a few times a week and gradually increase usage as their skin adapts.
Avoid using harsh or abrasive cleansers when using retinol.
Opt for a gentle, hydrating cleanser that won't strip the skin of its natural oils.
Achieving desired results with retinol often requires patience.
Retinol may take several weeks to months before significant improvements are visible, so consistency in use is important.
Some individuals experience a temporary worsening of skin issues, such as increased breakouts or redness, when they first start using retinol.
This is often referred to as the "retinol purge" and can be a normal part of the adjustment period.
Many users find that incorporating retinol into their skincare routine is a long-term commitment for maintaining healthy, youthful-looking skin.
Consistency in use can help sustain results over time.
There are various retinol and retinoid products available, ranging from lower to higher concentrations.
Start with a product that matches your skin type and concerns.
Individuals with sensitive skin may need to be particularly cautious when using retinol.
For those with complex skincare concerns or specific goals, working with a dermatologist to create a customized skincare plan can yield the best results.
They can provide insights on retinol usage as part of a holistic approach to skincare.
Safety Profile Of Retinol:
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the craniofacial area and urogenital system.
An experimental teratogen.
The exact mechanism leading to toxicity is not known.
Both acute and chronic toxicity may occur.
Acute toxicity is uncommon in adults.
However, Retinol ngestions of greater than 1 million IU in adults and greater than 300 000 IU in children have resulted in the development of increased intracranial pressure (symptoms described include headache, dizziness, vomiting, visual changes, and bulging fontanel in infants).
Acute ingestions of greater than 12 000 IU per kilogram are also considered toxic.
Toxicity is more frequently seen with chronic ingestion of high doses of 30 000–50 000 IU per day.
Retinol toxicity in children develops following chronic ingestion of 410 times the recommended daily allowance for weeks to months.
Malnutrition and individual tolerance may also be factors in predisposition to toxicity.
Signs and symptoms of toxicity include vomiting, anorexia, agitation, fatigue, double vision, headache, bone pain, alopecia, skin lesions, increased intracranial pressure, and papilledema.
Hepatic toxicity typically requires months or years of daily high doses of Retinol.
There are no known cases of vitamin A toxicity associated with beta-carotene ingestion.
Synonyms Of Retinol:
retinol
Vitamin A
all-trans-Retinol
68-26-8
Vitamin A1
Alphalin
Chocola A
Alphasterol
Apostavit
Aquasynth
Axerophthol
Epiteliol
Prepalin
Testavol
Veroftal
Afaxin
Agiolan
Agoncal
Anatola
Apexol
Dofsol
Myvpack
Vaflol
Vitpex
Aoral
trans-retinol
Vitamin A alcohol
Disatabs Tabs
Oleovitamin A
Bentavit A
Dohyfral A
Alcovit A
Anatola A
Vogan-Neu
all-trans-Retinyl alcohol
A-Mulsal
Biosterol
Ophthalamin
Plivit A
Vi-Alpha
A-Vitan
All-trans retinol
Atars
Avibon
Avitol
Axerol
Vafol
Vogan
Retrovitamin A
Lard Factor
all-trans-Vitamin A alcohol
Homagenets Aoral
Sehkraft A
Testavol S
Hi-A-Vita
Vitamin A1 alcohol
A-Sol
all-trans-Vitamin A
A-Vi-Pel
ACON
ATAV
Super A
Solu-A
11103-57-4
Nio-A-Let
Vio-A
Vi-Dom-A
Anti-infective vitamin
Antixerophthalmic vitamin
Vitavel A
Del-VI-A
Wachstumsvitamin
Vitamine A
Vitavel-A
Axerophtholum
Retinolo
Retinolum
Thalasphere
beta-Retinol
Vitamin A1, all-trans-
Vitamin A alcohol, all-trans-
Vitaminum A
Hydrovit A
trans-Vitamin A alcohol
Retinolo [DCIT]
Cylasphere
Vi-alpha; Vi-alpha
Retinol, all trans-
Antixerophthalmisches Vitamin
Rovimix A 500
all-trans-Vitamin A1
Retinol [INN:BAN]
Retinolum [INN-Latin]
Vitamin A1 alcohol, all trans
All Trans Retinol
Ro-a-vit
tROL
Vitamin A alcohol (VAN)
Retinol (Vit A)
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
Aquasol A Parenteral
CCRIS 5444
HSDB 815
C20H30O
Vitamin-A
UNII-G2SH0XKK91
.beta.-Retinol
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
EINECS 200-683-7
G2SH0XKK91
[11,12-3H]-Retinol
NSC 122759
NSC-122759
UNII-81G40H8B0T
BRN 0403040
Vitamin A (USP)
(all-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
DTXSID3023556
Vitamin A [Natural]
Vitamin A1 alcohol, all-trans-
ophthalamin (obsolete)
Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI)
2,4,6,8-Nonatetraen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)-
EINECS 234-328-2
CHEMBL986
M.V.C. 9+3
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclchexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
DTXCID203556
trans-Retinol acid (Vitamin A)
CHEBI:17336
EC 200-683-7
all-trans-13,14-Dihydro retinol
4-06-00-04133 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
VITAMINA
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, (all-E)-
LPK
Vitamin A (Natural)
NCGC00017343-07
Retinol-(cellular-retinol-binding-protein)
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonate-traen-1-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, (all-E)-Isomer
Alcohol 9,13-dimethyl-7-(1,1,5-trimethyl-6-cyclohexen-5-yl)-7,9,11,13-nonatetraen-15-ol
Vi-a
ALL-TRANS RETINOL (SEE ALSO RETINOID PROJECT 1)
Homagenets aorl
Vogan-nu
Vitamin A cryst
Zinosan N
CAS-68-26-8
all-trans-Retinol;(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
SMR000112036
Vitamin A (Feed)
9-cis,13-cis-Retinol
SR-01000763813
MFCD00001552
CHEBI:50211
Tricyclics
lard-factor
Tegosphere VitA
vitamins A
.alpha.sterol
b-Retinol
Retinol-
.alpha.lin
Retinyl A
1rbp
vitamin A vitamer
Vitamin-A alcohol
Vitamin-A1
vitamin A vitamers
Vi-.alpha.
(9Z)-Retinol
LUTAVIT A
MICROVIT A
VIATMIN A
1gx8
RETINOL [HSDB]
RETINOL [INCI]
RETINOL [INN]
retinolum densatum oleosum
Spectrum5_000993
Spectrum5_001997
VITAMIN A [MI]
RETINOL [WHO-DD]
D0AO6P
D0S7WX
Retinol, 95%, synthetic
all-trans vitamin A alcohol
SCHEMBL3112
VITAMIN A (MART.)
all-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
Retinol, all-trans-(8CI)
VITAMIN A CONCENTRATE
BIDD:PXR0102
MLS001066379
MLS001074751
MLS006010008
Retinol, all-trans- (8CI)
SPECTRUM1501203
(ALL-E)-
GTPL4053
HMS501I08
A11CA01
D10AD02
R01AX02
S01XA02
VITAMIN A (EP MONOGRAPH)
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
VITAMIN A (USP MONOGRAPH)
81G40H8B0T
DTXSID301014459
HMS1921B04
HMS2092L13
HMS2270C05
Pharmakon1600-01501203
VITAMIN A, UNSPECIFIED FORM
BCP06593
HY-B1342
Tox21_110818
Tox21_202441
Tox21_300287
BDBM50092056
CCG-38864
LMPR01090001
NSC122759
NSC758150
s5592
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
AKOS015902578
DB00162
LS-1578
NSC-758150
SDCCGMLS-0066724.P001
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetr aen-1-ol
IDI1_000486
SMP2_000102
NCGC00017343-02
NCGC00017343-03
NCGC00017343-04
NCGC00017343-05
NCGC00017343-06
NCGC00017343-08
NCGC00017343-09
NCGC00017343-11
NCGC00091784-01
NCGC00091784-02
NCGC00091784-03
NCGC00091784-04
NCGC00091784-05
NCGC00091784-06
NCGC00254024-01
NCGC00259990-01
AC-11701
BS-17906
SBI-0051690.P002
CS-0013091
C00473
C17276
D06543
AB00052248_05
EN300-6733268
A836068
Q424976
Retinol, >=95.0% (HPLC), ~2700 U/mg
Retinol, synthetic, >=95% (HPLC), crystalline
J-014834
J-017515
Q-201926
SR-01000763813-2
SR-01000763813-4
W-104683
BRD-K22429181-001-06-8
BRD-K64634304-001-01-5
WLN: L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U2Q C1 C1
Retinol, BioXtra, >=97.5% (HPLC), ~3100 U/mg
Z2315574891
3,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
2,4,6,8-NONATETRAEN-1-OL, 3,7-DIMETHYL-9-(2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)-
2,6,8-Nonatetraen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)-
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6, 6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, all (E)-
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-1-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenol
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
(2Z,4Z,6Z,8Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetren-1-ol
