PRODUCTS

SALICYLIC ACID (SA)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an ingredient in some anti-acne products.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important organic synthetic raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, rubber, food and perfumes.

CAS Number: 69-72-7
Molecular Formula: C7H6O3
Molecular Weight: 138.12
EINECS Number: 200-712-3

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Salicylic acid (SA) is perfume material, used for the preparation of methyl salicylate, salicylic acid ethyl ester; food preservatives, its sodium Salt is mostly used, now a number of countries have been banned; methyl salicylate can be used as oral cleaning agents, such as toothpaste flavor.
The name is from Latin salix for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived.
Salts and esters of Salicylic acid (SA) are known as salicylates.

In dye industry, Salicylic acid (SA) is used for production mordant pure yellow, direct yellow 3GN, direct yellow GR, direct brown 3GN, acid mordant brown G, acid mordant yellow GG, acid yellow dye complex.
In pesticide production, Salicylic acid (SA) is used for the synthesis of organic phosphorus pesticide Isocarbophos, intermediate isopropyl salicylate isofenphos methyl and Rodenticide warfarin, coumatetralyl intermediate 4-hydroxycoumarin.
In rubber industry, Salicylic acid (SA) is used as anti scorching agent and production of ultraviolet absorbent and foaming agent.

Salicylic acid (SA) a colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
Salicylic acid (SA), also known as 2-carboxyphenol or 2-hydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids.
In the pharmaceutical industry, the main drug productions of Salicylic acid (SA) are sodium salicylate, wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), salicylic acid amine, phenyl salicylate.

These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.
Salicylic acid (SA) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Salicylic acid (SA).

Salicylic acid (SA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a type of beta hydroxy acid (BHA) and is derived from the bark of the willow tree.
Salicylic acid (SA) has both anti-inflammatory and exfoliating properties, making it a common ingredient in skincare products.

Salicylic acid (SA) has sterilization ability, 2.5% alcohol solution (called spiritus) is used as a topical medicine in the treatment of tinea manus and tinea pedis, also can be made into ointment.
Salicylic acid (SA) can be used for food preservative or preservatives, also can be used for the preparation of toothpaste, mouthwash.
Salicylic acid (SA) has antipyretic and analgesic effects, can cure rheumatism and so on.

Salicylic acid (SA)'s all esters can be used as drug and spices.
Salicylic acid (SA) has pleasant aromas of holly, is used for the preparation of perfume and soap flavor.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a white powder with an acrid taste that is stable in air but gradually discolored by light.
Soluble in acetone, oil of turpentine, alcohol, ether,benzene; slightly soluble in water,and combustible.
Derived by reacting a hot solution of sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide and acidifying the sodium salt thus formed.

Salicylic acid (SA) is used in the manufacture of aspirin and salicylates, resins, dyestuff intermediate, prevulcanization inhibitor, analytical reagent,and fungicide.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a white solid first isolated from the bark of willow trees (Salix spp.), from which it gets its name.
Salicylic acid (SA) also occurs as the free acid or its esters in many plant species.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a mono hydroxy benzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid.
This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone.
Salicylic acid (SA) is derived from the metabolism of salicin.

In addition to being an important active metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), which acts in part as a prod rug to Salicylic acid (SA), it is probably best known for its use in anti-acne treatments.
The salts and esters of Salicylic acid (SA) are known as salicylates.
Salicylic acid (SA) has the formula C6H4(OH) COOH, where the OH group is ortho to the carboxyl group.

Salicylic acid (SA) is also known as 2- hydroxybenzoic acid.
Salicylic acid (SA) is poorly soluble in water (2 g / L at 20 °C).
Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid or ASA) can be prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of Salicylic acid (SA) with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Salicylic acid (SA) is absolutely soluble in ethanol, soluble in ether and chloroform, slightly soluble in water and anhydrous ether.
Salicylic acid (SA) stable at room temperature, discomposes into phenol and carbon dioxide after rapidly heated.
Salicylic acid (SA) is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, Salicylic acid (SA) can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone, and is found in plants with roles in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, and ion uptake and transport.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a beta hydroxy acid that also sloughs dead cell buildup within the follicle, acts as a mild antibacterial, and has soothing properties.
Salicylic acid (SA) is regarded to be less irritating than benzoyl peroxide and has less allergy potential, but it is also less aggressive in treating acne.
Salicylic acid (SA) is often used for treating milder forms of acne.

The concentration in OTC drugs is limited to 2 percent.
Salicylic acid (SA) is also used as a performance ingredient exfoliant in smaller concentrations, without making a drug claim.
Salicylic acid (SA) as a medication is commonly used to remove the outer layer of the skin.

Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in endogenous signaling, mediating plant defense against pathogens.
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in the resistance to pathogens (i.e. systemic acquired resistance) by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins and other defensive metabolites.
Salicylic acid (SA)'s defense signaling role is most clearly demonstrated by experiments which do away with it: Delaney et al. 1994, Gaffney et al. 1993, Lawton et al. 1995, and Vernooij et al. 1994 each use
Nicotiana tabacum or Arabidopsis expressing nahG, for salicylate hydroxylase.

Pathogen inoculation did not produce the customarily high Salicylic acid (SA) levels, SAR was not produced, and no PR genes were expressed in systemic leaves.
Indeed, the subjects were more susceptible to virulent – and even normally avirulent – pathogens.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a beta-hydroxy acid with keratolytic and antiinflammatory activity.

Salicylic acid (SA) helps dissolve the top layer of stratum corneum cells, improving the look and feel of the skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an effective ingredient in acne products and as such is widely used in acne soaps and lotions.
Because Salicylic acid (SA) is lipid soluble, it can more easily reduce sebaceous follicle blockage by penetrating the pores and exfoliating the cellular buildup.

Salicylic acid (SA) is antimicrobial, anti-septic, enhances the activity of preservatives, and can be used to adjust the pH of products.
For the treatment of aging skin, it appears to help improve skin wrinkles, roughness, and tone.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a useful ingredient for products formulated to treat psoriasis, callouses, corns, and warts-cases where there is a buildup of dead skin cells.

When applied topically, Salicylic acid (SA) is reported to penetrate 3 to 4 mm into the epidermis.
Salicylic acid (SA) can convert to copper salicylate, a powerful anti-inflammatory.
Salicylic acid (SA) can be used for food preservative or preservatives, also can be used for the preparation of toothpaste, mouthwash.

Salicylic acid (SA) has antipyretic and analgesic effects, can cure rheumatism and so on.
Salicylic acid (SA)'s all esters can be used as drug and spices.
Salicylic acid (SA) has pleasant aromas of holly, is used for the preparation of perfume and soap flavor.

The methyl salicylate is coated on the skin, can penetrate into the muscle and let out of Salicylic acid (SA) to release local pain, so it also can be used for the treatment of pain, contusion, sprain and other medication.
Isoamyl salicylate has orchid aroma, Salicylic acid (SA) has weak ester aroma, both can prepare perfume or soap flavor.
The common name of phenyl salicylate is Salo, was hydrolyzed into phenol and Salicylic acid (SA) in the intestine , is a kind of effective enteral preservatives.

Another Kind drug related to Salicylic acid (SA) is para amino2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (PAS, see "Para amino salicylic acid), Its sodium and calcium salts are used as anti TB drugs for acute exudative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and mucosal tuberculosis, is a weak antimicrobial drug, the effect is only 2% of streptomycin, often combined with streptomycin and isoniazid , in order to enhance the curative effect.
Salicylic acid (SA) can be acetylated to the aspirin

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural product extract from Willow bark, well known as an antiinflammatory and antinociceptive agent and a close structural relative to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous plant hormone with many regulatory functions involved in local disease resistance mechanisms and systemic acquired resistance.
The antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects produced by Salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives in animals are due to inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) enzyme activity and suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Salicylic acid (SA) is also of interest as a starting material for the organic synthesis of more elaborate COX suppressors and other chemical structures.
Salicylic acid (SA) is often used in skincare products, such as cleansers, toners, and spot treatments, due to its ability to exfoliate the skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) penetrates into the pores and helps to remove dead skin cells, excess oil, and debris, making it effective for treating acne and improving overall skin texture.

Salicylic acid (SA) is particularly beneficial for those with acne-prone skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) works by dissolving the substance that causes skin cells to stick together, promoting the shedding of dead skin cells.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used at high concentrations, Salicylic acid (SA) may cause skin redness and rashes.

This is a naturally occurring organic acid, related to aspirin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is found in some plants, particularly the leaves of wintergreen, willow bark, and the bark of sweet birch.
Salicylic acid (SA) is also synthetically manufactured.

Salicylic acid (SA) causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity in the absence of added arachidonic acid or in the presence of 1 or 10 μM exogenous substrate with an apparent IC50 value of approximately 5 μg/mL.
However, when the same experiments are performed using 30 μM arachidonic acid, Salicylic acid (SA) is an ineffective inhibitor of COX-2 activity, with an apparent IC50 value of more than 100 μg/mL, and achieves a maximal inhibition of less than 50%.

Salicylic acid (SA) is lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid.
Salicylic acid (SA) a type of phenolic acid and a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA).
Beta hydroxy acid is found as a natural compound in plants.

This colourless crystalline organic acid is broadly in use in organic synthesis.
Salicylic acid (SA) is derived from the metabolism of salicin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a crystalline organic carboxylic acid and has keratolytic, bacteriostatic and fungicidal properties.

Salicylic acid (SA) is poisonous to our body when consumed in large.
Salicylic acid (SA) can be in use as an antiseptic and as a food preservative when consumed in small quantities.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a precursor to acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, which is used for its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties.

Individuals with known allergies to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) should exercise caution when using products containing Salicylic acid (SA).
Allergic reactions can include redness, itching, or swelling.
If such reactions occur, discontinuing use and seeking medical advice is recommended.

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important organic synthetic raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, rubber, food, and perfumes.
In the pharmaceutical industry, the main drug productions of Salicylic acid (SA) are sodium salicylate, wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), and Salicylic acid (SA) amine, phenyl salicylate.
In the dye industry, Salicylic acid (SA) is used to producepure morda yellow , direct yellow 3GN, direct yellow GR, direct brown 3GN, acid mordant brown G, acid mordant yellow GG, acid yellow dye complex.

In pesticide production, Salicylic acid (SA) is used for the synthesis of organic phosphorus pesticide Isocarbophos, intermediate isopropyl salicylate isofenphos methyl and Rodenticide warfarin, coumatetralyl intermediate 4-hydroxycoumarin.
In rubber industry, Salicylic acid (SA) is used as anti scorching agent and production of ultraviolet absorbent and foaming agent.
Salicylic acid (SA) is perfume material, used for the preparation of methyl salicylate, Salicylic acid (SA) ethyl ester; food preservatives, its sodium Salt is mostly used, now a number of countries have been banned; methyl salicylate can be used as oral cleaning agents, such as toothpaste flavor.

Salicylic acid (SA) is odourless and is colourless.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen.
The name is from Latin salix for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an ingredient in some anti-acne products.

Salts and esters of Salicylic acid (SA) are known as salicylates.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CO2H.
A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, Salicylic acid (SA) is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an effective inhibitor of COX-2 activity at concentrations far below those required to inhibit NF-κB (20 mg/mL) activation.
Salicylic acid (SA) inhibits prostaglandin E2 release when add together with interleukin 1β for 24 hr with an IC50 value of 5 μg/mL, an effect that is independent of NF-κB activation or COX-2 transcription or translation.

Salicylic acid (SA) acutely (30 min) also causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of COX-2 activity measured in the presence of 0, 1, or 10 μM exogenous arachidonic acid.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an ingredient in some anti-acne products.
Salts and esters of Salicylic acid (SA) are known as salicylates.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a white, crystalline powder with the chemical formula C7H6O3.
Salicylic acid (SA) is chemical structure consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached.
This structure is responsible for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties.

Salicylic acid (SA) works by softening and breaking down keratin, a protein that forms part of the skin structure.
This keratolytic action helps to unclog pores and prevent the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).
Salicylic acid (SA) also has anti-inflammatory effects, which can reduce the redness and swelling associated with acne.

Salicylic acid (SA) is commonly found in over-the-counter skincare products at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%.
Higher concentrations may be used in professional treatments, but it's important to follow product instructions to avoid overuse and potential irritation.
Salicylic acid (SA) has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce redness and irritation associated with various skin conditions, including acne.

As a keratolytic agent, Salicylic acid (SA) helps to soften and loosen the outer layer of the skin.
This makes it easier to remove dead skin cells and encourages the growth of new, healthier skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is also used in some over-the-counter products designed for the removal of common warts and plantar warts.

The acid works by breaking down the protein in the skin cells of the wart.
When incorporating Salicylic acid (SA) into a skincare routine, it's recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase if needed.
Salicylic acid (SA) is often used in leave-on products like toners, serums, and spot treatments.

Sunscreen should be applied during the day when using products containing Salicylic acid (SA), as it can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
Salicylic acid (SA) is sometimes combined with other active ingredients, such as benzoyl peroxide or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), to enhance its effectiveness in treating acne and improving skin texture.
As such, Salicylic acid (SA) is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, ringworm, dandruff, and ichthyosis.

Isoamyl salicylate has orchid aroma, benzyl salicylate has weak ester aroma, both can prepare perfume or soap flavor.
The common name of phenyl salicylate is Salo, was hydrolyzed into phenol and Salicylic acid (SA) in the intestine, is a kind of effective enteral preservatives.

Melting point: 158-161 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.44
vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 114 °C)
refractive index: 1,565
FEMA: 3985 | 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
Flash point: 157 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ethanol: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 2.98(at 25℃)
form: Solid
color: White to off-white
PH Range: Non0 uorescence (2.5) to dark blue 0 uorescence (4.0)
Odor: at 100.00 %. faint phenolic nutty
PH: 3.21(1 mM solution);2.57(10 mM solution);2.02(100 mM solution);
Odor Type: nutty
Water Solubility: 1.8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
λmax: 210nm, 234nm, 303nm
Merck: 14,8332
JECFA Number: 958
Sublimation: 70 ºC
LogP: 2.01

Salicylic acid (SA) is keratolytic and at concentrations between 3% and 6% causes softening of the horny layers and shedding of scales.
Salicylic acid (SA) may be obtained (1) from oil of wintergreen, which contains methyl salicylate, or by heating dry sodium phenate C6H5ONa plus carbon dioxide under pressure at 130 °C (266°F) and recovering from the resulting sodium salicylate by adding dilute sulfuric acid.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a β-hydroxy acid that penetrates into the sebaceous gland and has comedolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Salicylic acid (SA) can be used as an adjunctive therapy and is found in cleansers, toners, masks, and peels.
Salicylic acid (SA) produces this desquamation by solubilizing the intercellular cement and enhances the shedding of corneocytes by decreasing cell-to-cell cohesion.
In concentrations >6%, Salicylic acid (SA) can be destructive to tissue.

Application of large amounts of the higher concentration of Salicylic acid (SA) can also result in systemic toxicity.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used in the treatment of superficial fungal infections, acne, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, warts, and other scaling dermatoses.
Salicylic acid (SA) is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.

Salicylic acid (SA) is probably known for its use as an important ingredient in topical anti-acne products.
The salts and esters of Salicylic acid (SA) are salicylates.
Salicylic acid (SA) is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.

Salicylic acid (SA) is the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
Salicylic acid (SA) to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
Salicylic acid (SA), like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of Salicylic acid (SA) with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.

Salicylic acid (SA), especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Salicylic acid (SA) is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine.

In Arabidopsis thaliana Salicylic acid (SA) can also be synthesized via a phenylalanine - independent pathway.
Sodium salicylate is commercially prepared by treating sodium phenolate (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide at high pressure (100 atm) and high temperature (390K) -a method known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
Acidification of the product with sulfuric acid gives Salicylic acid (SA).

Salicylic acid (SA) can also be prepared by the hydrolysis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or methyl salicylate (oil of winter green) with a strong acid or base.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

When it Salicylic acid (SA) combined with sulfur, some believe that a synergistic keratolytic effect is produced.
Common preparations include a 3% and 6% ointment with equal concentration of sulfur; 6% propylene glycol solution (Keralyt); 5% to 20% with equal parts of lactic acid in flexible collodion for warts (Duofilm, Occlusal); in a cream base at any concentration for keratolytic effects; as a 60% ointment for plantar warts; and in a 40% plaster on velvet cloth for the treatment of calluses and warts (40% Salicylic acid (SA) plaster).

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position.
Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to work through several different pathways.
Salicylic acid (SA) produces its anti - inflammatory effects via suppressing the activity of cyclo oxygenase (COX), an enzyme which is responsible for the production of pro - inflammatory mediators such as the prostaglandins.

Salicylic acid (SA) does this not by direct inhibition of COX, unlike most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but instead by suppression of the expression of the enzyme (via a yet-un elucidated mechanism).
Salicylic acid (SA) has also been shown to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and it is thought that this action may play a role in the anticancer effects of the compound and its prod rugs aspirin and salsalate.
In addition, the anti diabetic effects of Salicylic acid (SA) are likely mediated by AMPK activation primarily through allosteric conformational change that increases levels of phosphorylation.

Salicylic acid (SA) also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation which leads to increased ADP:ATP and AMP:ATP ratios in the cell.
Consequently, Salicylic acid (SA) may alter AMPK activity and subsequently exert its anti-diabetic properties through altered energy status of the cell.
The clinical application of aspirin varies with the therapeutic dose.

Salicylic acid (SA) occurs in plants as free Salicylic acid (SA) and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides.
Several studies suggest that humans metabolize Salicylic acid (SA) in measurable quantities from these plants.
High-Salicylic acid (SA) beverages and foods include beer, coffee, tea, numerous fruits and vegetables, sweet potato, nuts, and olive oil.

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, sugar, breads and cereals have low salicylate content.
Some people with sensitivity to dietary Salicylic acid (SA) may have symptoms of allergic reaction, such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis, gastrointestinal disorders, or diarrhea, so may need to adopt a low-salicylate diet.
A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically.

Salicylic acid (SA) has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.
Salicylic acid (SA) is salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including 4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and landetimide (via salethamide).

Salicylic acid (SA) has long been a key starting material for making acetyl2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (aspirin).
Salicylic acid (SA) is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of Salicylic acid (SA) with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.
Low-dose aspirin (75–300?mg/day) has antiplatelet aggregation effect and can be used to prevent and treat the coronary and cerebrovascular thrombosis and other postoperative thrombosis.

The middle dose of aspirin (0.5–3? g/day) has antipyretic analgesic effects, so it is commonly used in the treatment of fever, headache, toothache, neuralgia, muscle pain and menstrual pain.
Salicylic acid (SA) lowers skin pH, increases corneocyte hydration and dissolves the intercellular binder between corneocytes.

Salicylic acid (SA) and sulfur are thought to be synergistic in their keratolytic actions.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone and is found in plants with roles in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport.
Salicylic acid (SA) also induces specific changes in leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure.

Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in endogenous signaling, mediating in plant defense against pathogens.
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in the resistance to pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins.
Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in which a pathogenic attack on one part of the plant induces resistance in other parts.

The signal can also move to nearby plants by Salicylic acid (SA) being converted to the volatile ester, methyl salicylate.
Salicylic acid (SA) modulates COX-1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
Salicylic acid (SA) may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation.

Salicylic acid (SA)'s antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.[citation needed]
Salicylic acid (SA), when applied to the skin surface, works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth.
Salicylic acid (SA) is the standard to which all the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are compared.

In veterinary medicine, this group of drugs is mainly used for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders.
Bismuth subsalicylate, a salt of bismuth and Salicylic acid (SA), is the active ingredient in stomach-relief aids such as Pepto-Bismol, is the main ingredient of Kaopectate, and "displays anti-inflammatory action (due to Salicylic acid (SA)) and also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic.
Salicylic acid (SA) is often included in skincare formulations alongside other beneficial ingredients.

For example, Salicylic acid (SA) may be added to provide hydration, and niacinamide may offer additional anti-inflammatory and skin-brightening benefits.
The use of Salicylic acid (SA) for medicinal purposes dates back centuries.
Willow bark, which contains Salicylic acid (SA), has been used for its pain-relieving properties since ancient times.

The isolation and synthesis of Salicylic acid (SA) in its pure form began in the 19th century.
The effectiveness of Salicylic acid (SA) can be influenced by the pH of the formulation.
Salicylic acid (SA) is most effective at a lower pH, typically around 3 to 4.

Skincare products containing Salicylic acid (SA) are often formulated within this pH range to maximize their exfoliating and acne-fighting properties.
Salicylic acid (SA) inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with NADH and noncompetitively with UDPG.
Salicylic acid (SA) also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor.

High doses of aspirin (more than 4g/day) have anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic effects for the treatment of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis.
In addition, aspirin is used for the treatment of skin and mucous membrane lymphadenopathy (Kawasaki disease) in paediatric.
Salicylic acid (SA) are available in many over-the-counter skincare products, higher concentrations may be used in prescription-strength treatments prescribed by dermatologists for more severe acne or certain skin conditions.

Salicylic acid (SA) is not only used to treat active acne but can also be incorporated into a skincare routine for maintenance and preventive purposes.
Regular use can help manage oiliness, prevent clogged pores, and maintain clearer skin.
Individuals with certain skin conditions, such as rosacea, eczema, or extremely sensitive skin, may find Salicylic acid (SA) too harsh.

Salicylic acid (SA)'s essential to choose skincare ingredients based on individual skin types and concerns.
Continuous, long-term use of salicylic acid is generally safe for many people, but it's advisable to give the skin periodic breaks from exfoliating products.

History Of Salicylic acid (SA):
Willow has long been used for medicinal purposes.
Dioscorides, whose writings were highly influential for more than 1,500 years, used 'Itea' (which was possibly a species of willow) as a treatment for 'painful intestinal obstructions,' birth control, for 'those
who spit blood,' to remove calluses and corns and, externally, as a 'warm pack for gout.'
William Turner, in 1597, repeated this, saying that willow bark, 'being burnt to ashes, and steeped in vinegar, takes away corns and other like risings in the feet and toes.

Some of these cures may describe the action of Salicylic acid (SA), which can be derived from the salicin present in willow.
Salicylic acid (SA) is, however, a modern myth that Hippocrates used willow as a painkiller.
Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny the Elder, and others knew that decoctions containing salicylate could ease pain and reduce fevers.

Salicylic acid (SA) was used in Europe and China to treat these conditions.
This remedy is mentioned in texts from Ancient Egypt, Sumer, and Assyria.
The Cherokee and other Native Americans use an infusion of the bark for fever and other medicinal purposes.

In 2014, archaeologists identified traces of Salicylic acid (SA) on seventh-century pottery fragments found in east-central Colorado.
The Reverend Edward Stone, a vicar from Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, reported in 1763 that the bark of the willow was effective in reducing a fever.
An extract of willow bark, called Salicylic acid (SA), after the Latin name for the white willow (Salix alba), was isolated and named by German chemist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1828.

A larger amount of the substance was isolated in 1829 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist.
Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, was able to convert the substance into a sugar and a second component, which on oxidation becomes Salicylic acid (SA).
Salicylic acid (SA) was also isolated from the herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, formerly classified as Spiraea ulmaria) by German researchers in 1839.

Their extract caused digestive problems such as gastric irritation, bleeding, diarrhea, and even death when consumed in high doses.
In 1874 the Scottish physician Thomas MacLagan experimented with Salicylic acid (SA) as a treatment for acute rheumatism, with considerable success, as he reported in The Lancet in 1876.
Meanwhile, German scientists tried sodium salicylate with less success and more severe side effects.

In 1979, salicylates were found to be involved in induced defenses of tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus.
In 1987, salicylic acid was identified as the long-sought signal that causes thermogenic plants, such as the voodoo lily, Sauromatum guttatum, to produce heat.

Methods of production Of Salicylic acid (SA):
The phenol and sodium hydroxide react to produce phenol sodium, distillation and dehydration, CO2 carboxylation reaction to obtain sodium salicylate, then using sulfuric acid and produce crude product.
The crude product through the sublimation refined to the finished product.

Raw materials consumption quota: phenol (98%) 704kg/t, alkali burn (95%) 417kg/t, sulfate (95%) 500kg/t, carbon dioxide (99%) 467kg/t.
The preparation method of the method is that the sodium salt of phenol and carbon dioxide can be obtained by acidification.

Phenol and liquid caustic soda are produced into solution of the sodium salt of phenol, vacuum drying, and then to 100℃, slowly put to the dry carbon dioxide, when the pressure reaches 0.7~0.8MPa, stop passing carbon dioxide, warming up to 140 to 180℃.
After the reaction with water, sodium salicylate dissolved and decolorization, filtering, coupled with the sulfuric acid, namely precipitation Salicylic acid (SA), after filtering, washing and drying to obtain the product.

Uses Of Salicylic acid (SA):
It is used at high concentrations, Salicylic acid (SA) may cause skin redness and rashes.
This is a naturally occurring organic acid, related to aspirin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is effective in managing excess oil production on the skin.

By unclogging pores and reducing sebum, Salicylic acid (SA) can contribute to a more balanced complexion.
Regular use of Salicylic acid (SA) can be a preventive measure against acne breakouts.
Salicylic acid (SA) helps maintain clear pores and prevents the accumulation of dead skin cells that can lead to blemishes.

Salicylic acid (SA) is often used in combination with other active ingredients, such as benzoyl peroxide or retinoids, for a more comprehensive approach to acne treatment.
Salicylic acid (SA)'s exfoliating properties make it useful in preventing and treating ingrown hairs.
Salicylic acid (SA) is effective for both non-inflammatory acne (blackheads and whiteheads) and inflammatory acne (pimples and cysts).

Salicylic acid (SA)'s exfoliating properties make it useful for improving skin texture, promoting cell turnover, and addressing issues like rough or uneven skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used in some over-the-counter products designed for the removal of common warts and plantar warts.
Salicylic acid (SA) works by breaking down the structure of the wart.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a precursor to acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin.
Salicylic acid (SA) has mild anti-inflammatory effects, and this property is utilized in skincare for reducing redness and irritation.
Dermatologists may prescribe higher concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA) for specific skin conditions, such as more severe acne or certain types of dermatitis.

Some shampoos and scalp treatments contain salicylic acid to help exfoliate the scalp, remove dead skin cells, and address conditions like dandruff.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used in over-the-counter treatments for the removal of corns and calluses.
Salicylic acid (SA) helps break down the thickened skin.

Salicylic acid (SA) is included in some foot creams and treatments to soften calluses and rough skin on the feet.
Salicylic acid (SA) is found in some plants, particularly the leaves of wintergreen, willow bark, and the bark of sweet birch.
Salicylic acid (SA) is also synthetically manufactured.

Salicylic acid (SA) can be beneficial in addressing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots) left behind by acne lesions.
Salicylic acid (SA) is exfoliating properties help in promoting skin renewal and fading discoloration over time.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an FDA approved skin care ingredient used for the topical treatment of acne, and it's the only beta hydroxy acid (BHA) used in skin care products.

Perfect for oily skin, Salicylic acid (SA) is best known for its ability to deep clean excess oil out of pores and reduce oil production moving forward. Because salicylic acid keeps pores clean and unclogged, it prevents future whiteheads and blackheads from developing.
Salicylic acid (SA) helps to keep hair follicles clear and reduce inflammation.
Salicylic acid (SA) may be included in formulations to address certain skin conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis.

Salicylic acid (SA) is used for its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties.
Salicylic acid (SA) can help manage scaling and flaking associated with these conditions.
In higher concentrations, Salicylic acid (SA) is used in professional chemical peels.

These peels are performed by dermatologists or skincare professionals to exfoliate the skin, reduce fine lines, and improve skin texture.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a common ingredient in various cosmetic formulations, including cleansers, toners, serums, and spot treatments.
Salicylic acid (SA) is versatility makes it suitable for a range of skincare products.

When using products containing Salicylic acid (SA), it's crucial to use sunscreen during the day.
Salicylic acid (SA) can increase sensitivity to sunlight, and regular sun protection helps prevent further skin damage.
Many over-the-counter products, such as face washes, pads, and spot treatments, contain Salicylic acid (SA).

These products are readily available for consumers to use in their daily skincare routines.
Salicylic acid (SA) is known for its ability to ease aches and pains and reduce fevers.
These medicinal properties, particularly fever relief, have been known since ancient times, and it is used as an antiinflammatory drug.

In modern medicine, Salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives are used as constituents of some rubefacient products.
For example, Salicylic acid (SA) is used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain, and choline salicylate is used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
Salicylic acid (SA) also exfoliates dead skin, and its anti-inflammatory properties make it a prime ingredient for those with psoriasis.

Salicylic acid (SA) naturally occurs in willow bark, sweet birch bark, and wintergreen leaves, but synthetic versions are also used in skin care products.
Although toxic in large quantities, Salicylic acid (SA) is used as a food preservative and as bactericidal and an antiseptic.
For some people with Salicylic acid (SA) sensitivity even these small doses can be harmful.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a useful phosphor in the vacuum ultraviolet with nearly flat quantum efficiency for wavelengths between 10 to 100 nm.
Salicylic acid (SA) fluoresces in the blue at 420 nm.
Salicylic acid (SA) is easily prepared on a clean surface by spraying a saturated solution of the salt in methanol followed by evaporation.

Salicylic acid (SA) is widely used, eczema, psoriasis, salicylic acid can be used in acne, dandruff.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used as a food preservative, a bactericide, and an antiseptic.

Salicylic acid (SA) is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including 4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and landetimide (via salethamide).
Salicylic acid (SA) has long been a key starting material for making acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
Salicylic acid (SA) is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of salicylic acid with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Salicylic acid (SA) is the standard to which all the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are compared.
In veterinary medicine, this group of drugs is mainly used for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders.
Bismuth subsalicylate, a salt of bismuth and Salicylic acid (SA), "displays anti-inflammatory action (due to salicylic acid) and also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic".

Salicylic acid (SA) is the active ingredient in stomach-relief aids such as Pepto-Bismol and some formulations of Kaopectate.
Other derivatives include methyl Salicylic acid (SA) used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis, and has been used as an antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a useful phosphor in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range, with nearly flat quantum efficiency for wavelengths between 10 and 100 nm.
Salicylic acid (SA) fluoresces in the blue at 420 nm.
Salicylic acid (SA) is easily prepared on a clean surface by spraying a saturated solution of the salt in methanol followed by evaporation

Other derivatives include Salicylic acid (SA) used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
Salicylic acid (SA) is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis and has been used as an antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a useful phosphor in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range, with nearly flat quantum efficiency for wavelengths between 10 and 100 nm.

Salicylic acid (SA) fluoresces in the blue at 420 nm.
Salicylic acid (SA) is easily prepared on a clean surface by spraying a saturated solution of the salt in methanol followed by evaporation.
Salicylic acid (SA) is widely used to treat acne.

Salicylic acid (SA) penetrates the pores and helps to exfoliate dead skin cells, unclog pores, and reduce inflammation.
The concentration of 3%~6% can be used to horny, higher than 6% of salicylic acid can damage to tissue.
Below 40% of concentration is suitable for the treatment of thick cocoon, corns and warts.

Salicylic acid (SA) can also be added in the treatment of acne and dandruff.
Nowadays many famous cosmetic ingredients: in 1993, Clinique CLINIQUE first launched 1% Salicylic acid (SA) in soft water cream, immediately became one of Clinique's most successful products; In 1998, SK-II crystal induced skin cream added 1.5%BHA ingredients to the original, and salicylic acid has effect of treatment pores and cutin like the egg peeling analogy that caused the market boom; open access Olay popular products activating cream also contains 1.5% BHA components.
However, due to the high concentration of Salicylic acid (SA), it has a certain degree of damage, cosmetics containing salicylic acid concentration has generally been limited between 0.2%~1.5%, containing

Salicylic acid (SA) cosmetics shall be added to the note of warning signs to determine the safety of long-term use and children under 3 years of age also shall not be used.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a beta-hydroxy acid with keratolytic and antiinflammatory activity.
Because Salicylic acid (SA) is lipid soluble, it can more easily reduce sebaceous follicle blockage by penetrating the pores and exfoliating the cellular buildup.

Salicylic acid (SA) is antimicrobial, anti-septic, enhances the activity of preservatives, and can be used to adjust the pH of products.
For the treatment of aging skin, Salicylic acid (SA) appears to help improve skin wrinkles, roughness, and tone.

Safety Profile Of Salicylic acid (SA):
Salicylic acid (SA) is used in the manufacture of aspirin.
Salicylic acid (SA)'s advisable to perform a patch test before widespread use, especially for those with sensitive skin.
Salicylic acid (SA) can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight.

It's essential to use sunscreen during the day when using products containing Salicylic acid (SA) to prevent sunburn and further skin damage.
Allergic reactions can include itching, swelling, or rash.
If such reactions occur, discontinue use and seek medical advice.

Despite the potential teratogenic risk of Salicylic acid (SA), cosmetic applications of the drug pose no significant risk.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
If high concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA) ointment are used topically, high levels of salicylic acid can enter the blood, requiring hemodialysis to avoid further complications.

Some individuals may be more sensitive to salicylic acid, experiencing redness, irritation, or dryness.
Overusing products containing Salicylic acid (SA) or using higher concentrations than recommended can lead to excessive dryness and peeling.
Following product instructions and incorporating Salicylic acid (SA) gradually into a skincare routine is crucial.