SALICYLIC ACID

Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
Salicylic acid is a colorless, bitter-tasting solid.
Salicylic acid is the precursor and metabolite of aspirin.
Salicylic acid is a plant hormone.

CAS Number: 69-72-7
EC Number: 200-712-3
IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Molecular Formula:C7H6O3

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Encapsulated salicylic acid (SA) is best known for treating dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses and more.
Salicylic acid works as a comedolytic and bacteriostatic substance, causing epidermis cells to shed more easily and opening blockages.
Salicylic acid neutralizes pores and the bacteria inside them.
Salicylic acid can be used as a fluorescent indicator.

Salicylic acid is widely used in the rubber industry.
Salicylic acid can be used as ultraviolet absorbent and foaming agent.
Salicylic acid is also commonly used in tungsten ion preservatives.
Salicylic acid can be used as an additive in Electrolyte.

Because salicylic acid has a certain irritating property, it can be used as an additive in toilet water prickly heat powder in the cosmetic industry.
Salicylic acid also has a sterilizing and disinfecting effect.
Salicylic acid can be used to reduce swelling and itching.
Salicylic acid disinfectants and preservatives can be found in rubber retarders.

Molar mass: 138.122 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.443 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Melting point: 158.6 °C
Boiling point: 211 °C
XLogP3: 2.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 138.031694049 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 138.031694049 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 133
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate.

Salicylic acid is a simple phenolic compound synthesized in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including plants.
The leaf and bark of the willow tree contain large amounts of SA, which was widely used as a pain reliever in the ancient world.

Salicylic acid is a commonly used medication to remove the outer layer of skin.
Therefore, it is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, ringworm, dandruff and ichthyosis.
Similar to other hydroxy acids, salicylic acid is an ingredient in many skin care products for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis.

Salicylic acid is used as a food preservative, bactericide and antiseptic.
Salicylic acid is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including 4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and Landetimide (via salethamid).
Salicylic acid has long been an important starting material for making acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).

Salicylic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Salicylic acid also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic.
Salicylic acid is the active ingredient in stomach-soothing aids.
Among other derivatives, it is used as an ointment to relieve joint and muscle pain.

Salicylic acid modulates COX-1 enzymatic activity to reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation.
When salicylic acid is applied to the skin surface, it causes epidermis cells to shed more easily.
Salicylic acid prevents pores from clogging.
Salicylic acid works by making room for new cell growth.

Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with NADH and non-competitively with UDPG.
It also competitively inhibits the transfer of the glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor.

The effect of salicylates in delaying wound healing is probably due mainly to their inhibitory effect on mucopolysaccharide synthesis.
High concentrations of salicylic ointment are used topically.
Salicylic acid can enter the blood at high levels.

Salicylic acid may require hemodialysis.
Despite the potential teratogenic risk of salicylic acid, cosmetic applications of the drug do not pose a significant risk.
Salicylic acid is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine.
 
Salicylic acid converts to phenyl salicylate when heated:
2 HOC 6 H 4 CO 2 H → C 6 H 5 O 2 C 6 H 4 OH + CO 2 + H 2 O

Further heating yields xanthone.
Salicylic acid, as its conjugate base, is a chelating agent with affinity for iron(III).

Salicylic acid slowly decomposes at 200–230 °C to phenol and carbon dioxide:
C 6 H 4 OH(CO2 H ) → C 6 H 5 OH + CO2

White willow is a natural source of salicylic acid.
Willow has long been used for medicinal purposes.
Salicylic acid occurs in plants as free salicylic acid and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides.
Several studies suggest that humans metabolize salicylic acid from these herbs in measurable amounts.
Salicylic acid is a phenolic phytohormone.

Salicylic acid is found in plants where it plays a role in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, and ion uptake and transport.
Salicylic acid plays a role in endogenous signaling mediating plant defense against pathogens.
It plays a role in resistance against pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins and other defensive metabolites.

Salicylic acid may aid plant development by increasing seed germination, bud bloom and fruit ripening.
However, too high a salicylic acid concentration can negatively regulate these developmental processes.
Methyl salicylate, the volatile methyl ester of salicylic acid, also diffuses into the air, facilitating plant-plant communication.
Salicylic acid may cause an immune response.

Salicylic acid is used in the manufacture of painkillers.
It is used in the cosmetic industry to shed epidermis cells.
Salicylic acid is the active ingredient in the manufacture of products used to open clogged pores.
It is used in the agricultural sector to prevent pathogenic attacks that occur as a result of exposure of plants to viral and bacterial attacks.
Salicylic acid is used in the production of wet wipes.

Salicylic acid is an important material in the pharmaceutical industry, obtained by breaking down acetylsalicylic acid.
Salicylic acid is widely used in the food industry in the production of dyes and artificial fragrances.

It also shows therapeutic potential in protecting the skin from sun damage.
Salicylic acid finds application in cosmetics and medicine.
Salicylic acid is a white, crystalline solid used in the preparation of pharmaceutical products.
Salicylic acid is widely found in nature.
Salicylic acid is the main component of wintergreen oil.

The salicylic acid filtrate and the eluate are recycled.
Salicylic acid is distilled.
Salicylic acid is lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid.
Salicylic acid is a type of phenolic acid and a beta-hydroxy acid.

Beta hydroxide acid is found as a natural compound in plants.
This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis.
It is obtained from the metabolism of salicin.
Salicylic acid is a crystalline organic carboxylic acid.

Salicylic acid has bacteriostatic and fungicidal properties.
It is toxic to our body when consumed excessively.
When consumed in small amounts, it can be used as an antiseptic and food preservative.
Salicylic acid has a carboxyl group attached to it.
Salicylic acid is odorless and colorless.

It is probably best known for its use as a key ingredient in topical anti-acne products.
Salts and esters of salicylic acid are salicylates.
Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of wart infections.
Salicylic acid is one of the main ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoos.

This acid also helps remove dead and flaky skin cells from your scalp.
Salicylic acid is also used as a mild antiseptic effect, known as a bacteriostatic agent.
It does not kill existing bacteria and is therefore not an antibacterial agent.
However, it prevents bacterial growth where it is applied.