SILICON DIOXIDE

SILICON DIOXIDE = Silica = Quartz = Dioxosilane

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
EC-No: 231-545-4
MDL number: MFCD00011232
Molecular Formula: SiO2 or O2Si

Silicon Dioxide is a natural compound of silicon and oxygen found mostly in sand. 
SiO2 is an oxide of silicon with a chemical name Silicon Dioxide. 
SiO2 is also called Silica or Kalii bromidum or Silicic oxide or silicic acid. 
SiO2 is widely found in nature as quartz.
Silica has three main crystalline varieties: quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite. 
Silicon dioxide occurs as colorless, odorless, tasteless white or colorless crystals or powder. 
Silicon dioxides many different forms can be classified as crystalline, amorphous, or vitreous. 
In crystalline forms of silicon dioxide, all of the atoms that make up the substances are arranged in orderly patterns that have the shape of cubes, rhombohedrons, or other geometric figures. 
In amorphous silicon dioxide, silicon and oxygen atoms are arranged randomly, without any clear-cut pattern. 
Vitreous silicon dioxide is a glassy form of the compound that may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. 
The various forms of silicon dioxide can be converted from one form to another by heating and changes in pressure.
Fine particulate silica dust from quartz rock causes over a long-term progressive lung injury, silicosis.
Silica is another name for the chemical compound composed of silicon and oxygen with the chemical formula SiO2, or silicon dioxide. 
There are many forms of silica.
All silica forms are identical in chemical composition, but have different atom arrangements. 
Silica compounds can be divided into two groups, crystalline (or c-silica) and amorphous silica (a-silica or non-crystalline silica).
c-Silica compounds have structures with repeating patterns of silicon and oxygen. 
a-Silica chemical structures are more randomly linked when compared to c-silica. 
All forms of silica are odorless solids composed of silicon and oxygen atoms. 
Silica particles become suspended in air and form non-explosive dusts. 
Silica may combine with other metallic elements and oxides to form silicates.
Silicon dioxide is a silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. 
Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. 
Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels. 
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen (O2).
Silicon dioxide is most often recognized in the form of quartz. 
Silicon dioxide’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth. 
The earth’s crust is 59 percent silica. 
Silicon dioxide makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet. 
When you sit on a beach, it’s silicon dioxide in the form of sand that gets between your toes.
Silicon dioxide’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body. 
Though Silicon dioxide’s unclear what role Silicon dioxide plays, Silicon dioxide’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.
Silicon dioxide is found naturally in many plants, such as: leafy green vegetables, beets, bell peppers, brown rice, oats, alfalfa.
And even minor changes in levels of minerals can have a profound effect on healthy functioning. 
A good approach is to eat whole foods and get healthy levels of silicon dioxide.
Silicon dioxide is generally safe as a food additive, though some agencies are calling for stricter guidelines about the quality and characteristics of the silicon dioxide found in foods.
Silicon dioxide occurs widely in nature. 
Silicon dioxide is easiest to recognize by its common name, quartz, which makes up about 12% of the earth’s crust. 
However, silicon dioxide also occurs naturally in everything from water and plants to animals.
Silica sand covers many beaches, and it makes up most of the rocks on earth. 
In fact, silica-containing minerals or silica itself make up more than 95% of the earth’s crust.
Silicon dioxide also exists in numerous plants that humans regularly consume, such as: dark, leafy greens, some grains and cereals, such as oats and brown rice, vegetables, such as beets and bell peppers.
Silicon dioxide has historically been called amorphous. 
A naturally occurring microcrystalline silica which has been finely ground. 
Silicon dioxide is formed when silicon is exposed to oxygen. 
Silicon dioxide is employed in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.
Silicon dioxide prevents foods from caking or sticking together in clumps. 
Silicon dioxide helps ensure a product’s shelf life, protect against the effects of moisture, and keep powdered ingredients from sticking together and helping them flow smoothly.
A quick read of your protein powder or baking flour's ingredient lists most likely reveals the ingredient silicon dioxide. 
Silica gel is a highly absorbent material.
The interior of silica is a nano-scale microporous structure that can effectively absorb humidity, water, gas and odors.
Silicon Dioxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Silicon source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. 
Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. 
However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.  
Silicon dioxide amorphous films are the key insulators in silicon integrated circuits. 
The physical properties of silicon dioxide are determined by the electronic structure of this material. 
The currently available information on the electronic structure of silicon dioxide has been systematized.
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a compound of Silicon and Oxygen, commonly called silica and the elements are linked by the covalent bond. 
SiO2 is one of the components of the sand and can be found naturally in Quartz. 
SiO2 is usually white or colorless and is not soluble in water or ethanol. 
By associating with minerals, SiO2 forms the silicate family.
Silicon dioxide is easily deposited on various materials and grown thermally on silicon wafers.
Silicon dioxide is resistant to many chemicals used during the etching of other materials, while allowing itself to be selectively etched with certain chemicals or dry-etched with plasmas.
Silicon dioxide can be used as a blocking material for ion implantation or diffusion of many unwanted impurities.
The interface between silicon and silicon dioxide has relatively few mechanical and electrical defects, although with newer technology nodes and reduced geometries, even slight defects must be addressed.
Silicon dioxide has a high dielectric strength and a relatively wide band gap, making it an excellent insulator.
Silicon dioxide has high a temperature stability of up to 1600°C, making Silicon dioxide a useful material for process and device integration.
Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals. 
Silica is also found in various living organisms: diatoms, a type of phytoplankton forming the base of the ocean’s food chain, have skeletons composed of silica.  
Many plants use silica to stiffen stems for holding fruit and to form external needles for protection. 
The role of silica is less obvious in animals, but each one of us contains about half a gram of silica – without which our bones, hair, and teeth could not be formed.
Silicon dioxide is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz.
Silicon dioxide, or silica, (SiO2) is another important example of a macromolecular solid. 
Silica can exist in six different crystalline forms. 
The best known of these is quartz, whose crystal structure.
An especially interesting form of silicon dioxide is silica gel, a powdery form of amorphous silicon dioxide that is highly adsorbent.

Uses and Applications of Quartz:
-Silicon Dioxide is used in structural materials, microelectronics (as an electrical insulator), and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
-Silicon dioxide is also added to many foods and supplements. 
-As a food additive, it serves as an anticaking agent to avoid clumping. 
-In supplements, it’s used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together.
-Silicas exist as white, fluffy powders that are produced through a wet process, yielding silica or silica gel, or a thermal route, yielding pyrogenic (fumed) silica.
-In powdered foods, the silica clings to the particles of the foods and prevents them from clumping. 
This allows powdery products to remain free-flowing, and other products easy to separate.
-Silicon dioxide also functions as a defoaming agent, carrier, conditioning agent, chillproofing agent in malt beverages (like beer) and filter aid.
-Silicon dioxide’s also used to manufacture materials such as adhesives and paper for food-packaging materials.
-Silicon dioxide is a natural chemical mix of silicon and oxygen that has uses in many food products as an anticaking agent. 
-Silicon dioxide has many important applications in the food industry as a food additive. 
-Silicon dioxides functional properties allow for its use as an anticaking agent and carrier.
-Silicon dioxide has a safe track record as a food additive and is considered non-toxic, even at high doses.
-While Silicon dioxide's a common food additive, silicon dioxide is also added to cosmetics.
-Silica sand is used in buildings and roads in the form of portland cement, concrete, and mortar, as well as sandstone. -Silica also is used in grinding and polishing glass and stone; in foundry molds; in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, silicon carbide, ferrosilicon, and silicones; as a refractory material; and as gemstones. 
-Silica gel is often used as a desiccant to remove moisture.
-Silicon dioxide, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is widely used in food products as a thickener, anticaking agent, and carrier for fragrances and flavors.
-Silica gel is widely used as a cat litter and dessicant for food, medicine, cosmetic industries and to protect household goods.
-Silicon dioxide (SiO2) has several industrial applications such as an additive in the food industry. 
-Silicon dioxides function is to act as an anti-binder, anti-foaming agent, viscosity controller, desiccant, beverage clarifier and as an excipient of medications and vitamins. 
-Due to Silicon dioxides insolubility in water, silica has little biological availability and is not considered a source of silicon. 
-Silicon found in other more soluble forms contributes to the formation and maintenance of bones and cartilage.
-Added to medicinal anti-foaming agent, like Simethicone, in a small proportion to enhance defoaming activity.
-As hydrated silica in Toothpaste (abrasive to fight away plaque.)
-Used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.
-Raw material for aerogel in the Stardust spacecraft
-A food additive, primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water (see the ingredients list for)
-A raw material for many whiteware ceramics such as earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
-A raw material for the production of Portland cement.
-Inexpensive soda-lime glass is the most common and typically found in drinking glasses, bottles, and windows.

Physical and chemical properties of Silicon dioxide:
Appearance Form: solid
Molecular weight : 60,08 g/mol
Odor: No data available
Odor: Threshold No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1.610 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: at 25 °C slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Boiling point    2230 °C (1013 hPa)
Density    2.56 g/cm3 not applicable
pH value: 3.7 - 4.7 (>= 40 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C) (slurry)
Bulk density: 200 - 1430 kg/m3

Synonyms:
Sand
Cristobalite

First aid measures of Silicon dioxide:
--Description of first-aid measures:
-General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
-If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air. 
Call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with water/ shower. 
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
-If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
--Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed: No data available

Exposure controls/personal protection of Dioxosilane:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Safety glasses
Body Protection:
Protective clothing
Respiratory protection:
Required when dusts are generated.
Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to the used respiratory protection system.
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
The entrepeneur has to ensure that maintenance, cleaning and testing of respiratory protective devices are carried out according to the instructions of the producer.
These measures have to be properly documented.
Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Stability and reactivity of Silicon dioxide:
Reactivity: No data available
Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
Conditions to avoid: no information available
Incompatible materials: Hydrogen fluoride

Firefighting measures of Dioxosilane:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Silicon oxides
Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.
-Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus. 
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet. 
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dioxosilane:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Advice for non-emergency personnel: 
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances. 
Avoid substance contact. 
Ensure adequate ventilation. 
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up carefully. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Toxicological information of Quartz:
-Information on toxicological effects:
Acute toxicity: No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation: No data available
Serious eye damage/eye irritation: No data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization: No data available
Germ cell mutagenicity:
Carcinogenicity: No data available
Reproductive toxicity:
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure: No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure: No data available
Aspiration hazard: No data available

Ecological information of Quartz:
Toxicity: No data available
Persistence and degradability:
The methods for determining the biological degradability are not applicable to inorganic substances.
Bioaccumulative potential: No data available
Mobility in soil: No data available
Other adverse effects: No data available

Handling and storage of Quartz:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood. 
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing. 
Apply preventive skin protection. 
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry. 
Keep in a well-ventilated place. 
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated.