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SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE

Sodium aluminium silicate = Sodium aluminosilicate = aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt

CAS Number: 1344-00-9
EC / List no.: 215-684-8
Mol. formula: AlNaO6Si2

Sodium aluminium silicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water. 
These include synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites. 
Synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554.

Amorphous sodium aluminosilicate
Sodium aluminium silicate is produced with a wide range of compositions and has many different applications.
Sodium aluminium silicate is encountered as an additive E 554 in food where Sodium aluminium silicate acts as an anticaking (free flow) agent.
As Sodium aluminium silicate is manufactured with a range of compositions Sodium aluminium silicate is not strictly a chemical compound with a fixed stoichiometry.
One supplier quotes a typical analysis for one of their products as 14SiO2·Al2O3·Na2O·3H2O,(Na2Al2Si14O32·3H2O).

The US FDA has as of April 1, 2012 approved sodium aluminosilicate (sodium silicoaluminate) for direct contact with consumable items under 21 CFR 182.2727.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used as molecular sieve in medicinal containers to keep contents dry.

Sodium aluminium silicate may also be listed as:
aluminium sodium salt
sodium silicoaluminate
aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt
sodium aluminium silicate
aluminum sodium silicate
sodium silico aluminate
sasil

Minerals sometimes called sodium aluminosilicate
Naturally occurring minerals that are sometimes given the chemical name, sodium aluminosilicate include albite (NaAlSi3O8, an end-member of the plagioclase series) and jadeite (NaAlSi2O6).

Synthetic zeolites have complex structures and examples (with structural formulae) are:
Na12Al12Si12O48·27H2O, zeolite A (Linde type A sodium form, NaA), used in laundry detergents[4]
Na16Al16Si32O96·16H2O, Analcime, IUPAC code ANA[4]
Na12Al12Si12O48·q H2O, Losod[5]
Na384Al384Si384O1536·518H2O, Linde type N

Service life
Release to the environment of Sodium aluminium silicate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Widespread uses by professional workers
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used in the following areas: health services, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and textile, leather or fur.
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium aluminium silicate is most likely to be released to the environment.

Uses at industrial sites
Sodium aluminium silicate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Sodium aluminium silicate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Sodium aluminium silicate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Description: Odourless, fine, white amorphous powder, or as beads
Boiling Point: 2000°C
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water
PH: 6.0 to 7.5 (For Neutral Grade)
PH: 9.0 to 10.5 (For Bases Grade)
Molecular Weight: 202.14
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 201.8946485
Monoisotopic Mass: 201.8946485
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge    0
Complexity    18.8
Isotope Atom Count    0    
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count    0    
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count    0    
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count    0    
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:0    
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Prepared at the 84th JECFA and published in FAO JECFAMonograph 20 (2017), superseding tentative specificationsprepared at the 80th JECFA (2015) and published in FAOJECFA Monographs 17 (2015).
An ADI 'not specified' for silicondioxide and certain silicates was established at the 29th JECFA(1985).
A PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw for total aluminium wasestablished at the 74th JECFA (2011). The PTWI applies to allaluminium compounds in food, including food additives.

Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of Sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives.
The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) assigned these food additives together with other aluminium-containing food additives a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 7 mg aluminium/kg body weight (bw).
In 2008, EFSA established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg aluminium/kg bw per week. 

Sodium aluminium silicate was shown in rats to be absorbed to a limited extent at 0.12 ± 0.011%.
The Panel considered that potassium aluminium silicate would be absorbed and become systemically available similarly to sodium aluminium silicate.
No information on the physicochemical characterisation of sodium aluminium silicate and potassium aluminium silicate when used as food additives has been submitted and only very limited toxicological data were available for sodium aluminium silicate.
Exposure to E 554 was calculated based on the reported use levels in food supplements. 

Exposure to aluminium from this use of E 554 was calculated to exceed the TWI for aluminium. Based on the data provided by interested business operators, the Panel considered that E 555 is not being used as a carrier, but as an inseparable component of ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’.
The Panel calculated the regulatory maximum exposure to E 555 as a carrier for titanium dioxide (E 171) and iron oxides and hydroxides (E 172).
Exposure to aluminium from this single use at the maximum permitted level could theoretically far exceed the TWI.
Considering that only very limited toxicological data and insufficient information on the physicochemical characterisation of both food additives were available, the Panel concluded that the safety of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) could not be assessed.

Summary
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives.
Sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) are authorised food additives in the European Union (EU) according to Annex II and III of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and specifications have been defined in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

In 1990, the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) assigned these food additives together with other aluminium-containing food additives a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 7 mg aluminium/kg body weight (bw).
In 2008, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC Panel) established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg aluminium/kg bw per week for dietary aluminium from all sources.

No information on the physicochemical characterisation of sodium aluminium silicate and potassium aluminium silicate when used as food additives E 554 and E 555, respectively, has been submitted.
Sodium aluminium silicate was shown in rats to be absorbed to a limited extent at 0.12 ± 0.011%.
The Panel considered that potassium aluminium silicate would be absorbed and become systemically available similarly to sodium aluminium silicate.
Only developmental toxicity studies with sodium aluminium silicate in mice, rats, hamsters and rabbits were available.
No treatment-related maternal and developmental effects were observed.
The reporting of the prenatal developmental studies was limited to allow the use of these data for hazard assessment.

Only use levels for sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) in food supplement (FC 17) were available.
The exposure to E 554 based on the reported use levels could be up to 2.9 mg/kg bw per day at the mean level and 3.9 mg/kg bw per day at the high intake level (P95), both in children.
In this assessment, Sodium aluminium silicate was assumed that all food supplements consumed contained sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) at the highest reported use level.

Based on the maximum amount of Al2O3 in sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) as stated in the EU specifications, E 554 contains up to 7.8% aluminium.
Thus, the maximum exposure to aluminium from the use of E 554 could be up to 1.58 mg/kg bw per week at the mean and up to 2.13 mg/kg bw per week at the P95 for children.
This alone would exceed the TWI of 1 mg/kg bw per week for dietary aluminium from all sources established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Based on the data provided by interested business operators, the Panel considered that E 555 is not being used as a carrier but as an inseparable component of ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’. 
According to the Mintel Global New Products Database (GNPD), E 555 was labelled on 151 products, of which 146 were also labelled with iron oxide and hydroxides (E 172) or titanium dioxide (E 171).

Based on the current authorisation for E 555 as a carrier for titanium dioxide (E 171) and iron oxides and hydroxides (E 172), where Sodium aluminium silicate can constitute ‘90% relative to the pigment’ (Annex III of Regulation 1333/2008), the Panel calculated the theoretical regulatory maximum exposure to E 555 from this authorised use.
Considering that potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) contains 20.4% aluminium (based on the molecular mass), the maximum exposure to aluminium from potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as carrier for E 171 could be up to 388 mg/kg bw per week and the maximum exposure to aluminium from potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as carrier for E 172 could be up to 297 mg/kg bw per week.
The Panel noted that this single use at the maximum permitted level could theoretically far exceed the TWI for dietary aluminium from all sources established by EFSA.

Considering that only very limited toxicological data and insufficient information on the physicochemical characterisation of both food additives were available, the Panel concluded that the safety of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) could not be assessed.

The Panel recommended that data in line with the current Guidance document on evaluation of food additives is required for E 554 and E 555 to perform the risk assessment of these food additives and evaluate the potential exceedance of the TWI for aluminium resulting from their use as food additives.

According to the interested business operators, potassium aluminium silicate is only used for the manufacturing of ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ and the components – potassium aluminium silicate, titanium dioxide or iron oxides - are bound to each other by strong physical forces and cannot be separated from each other by standard methods. 
The interested business operators stated that ‘without mica, a pearlescent effect is absent. 
The colour of the pearlescent effect could not be achieved without titanium dioxide or iron oxide’. 
The description of the technological role of mica in ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ does not meet the definition of ‘carrier’ according to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008.
The Panel therefore considered that ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ is a new entity, not listed in the Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and not previously evaluated in the EU.

Therefore, the Panel concluded that potassium aluminium silicate in ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ does not meet the definition of a carrier according to Regulation (EC) 1333/2008 and ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ are not listed in Regulation (EC) 1333/2008.
Consequently, ‘potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments’ should be evaluated as a new food additive.

The search for white fillers that can replace and compete with titanium dioxide have favoured the amorphous aluminium silicates.
Aluminium and sodium silicate is a white-coloured amorphous solid, obtained by the reaction of chemical precipitation between a sodium silicate and an aluminium salt in aqueous medium.
Sodium aluminium silicate is a filler with many different applications, and Sodium aluminium silicate is used as a raw material in sectors such as the manufacture of paints, printing inks, the rubber or the paper sector.

Products
Sodium aluminium silicate is the trade name of the amorphous sodium and aluminium silicate marketed by IQE in the paint sector.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used as a white pigment in paints, printing inks and paper, where Sodium aluminium silicate acts as a partial substitute for titanium dioxide (extender) at the same time as it increases the covering power and brightness both of the paint and of the paper.

Sodium aluminium silicate is the amorphous sodium and aluminium silicate manufactured by IQESIL and which is used as a white filler in rubber, with a moderate reinforcing nature. Its application is especially indicated in the preparation of technical rubber pieces via an extrusion or injection moulding process.

Both the natural and synthetic rubber blends, which contain Sodium aluminium silicate present good processability, even with higher filler levels than the reinforcing silica, as well as good vulcanisation properties.
Their slightly alkaline nature permits their use in basic blends.
 
The search for white fillers that can replace and compete with titanium dioxide have favoured the amorphous aluminium silicates. 
Aluminium and sodium silicate is a white-coloured amorphous solid, obtained by the reaction of chemical precipitation between a sodium silicate and an aluminium salt in aqueous medium. 
Sodium aluminium silicate is a filler with many different applications, and it is used as a raw material in sectors such as the manufacture of paints, printing inks, the rubber or the paper sector.

Products
Sodium aluminium silicate is the trade name of the amorphous sodium and aluminium silicate marketed by IQE in the paint sector.
Sodium aluminium silicate is used as a white pigment in paints, printing inks and paper, where Sodium aluminium silicate acts as a partial substitute for titanium dioxide (extender) at the same time as Sodium aluminium silicate increases the covering power and brightness both of the paint and of the paper.

Sodium aluminium silicate is the amorphous sodium and aluminium silicate manufactured by IQESIL and which is used as a white filler in rubber, with a moderate reinforcing nature.
Sodium aluminium silicates application is especially indicated in the preparation of technical rubber pieces via an extrusion or injection moulding process.

Both the natural and synthetic rubber blends, which contain EBROSIL® SA-60 present good processability, even with higher filler levels than the reinforcing silica, as well as good vulcanisation properties.
Their slightly alkaline nature permits their use in basic blends.
 

The precipitated aluminium silicate manufactured by IQE is a finely divided white-coloured powder. 
Sodium aluminium silicates primary particle size is between 25 and 100 millimicrons (mµm), making it especially ideal for use as a white pigment in numerous applications. 
These primary particles are attached to each other to form cluster-like structures, which later join together to form what are normally called secondary particles, whose size can be defined by grinding and classification processes (generally between 5 and 10 µm).

Sodium aluminium silicate is added as a filler in printing inks to increase the tixotropy of the ink and to increase the definition of the printed line.

Sodium aluminium silicate can be used as a white pigment to partially replace TiO2 used in coated paper (wallpaper).
Sodium aluminium silicate is also used as a white filler for papers than contain a large proportion of wood fibres (mechanical type) and newsprint.
Sodium aluminium silicate confers on this paper the properties of reducing the blurring of printing inks, increasing the smoothness of the paper without increasing gloss, and increasing the brightness of the paper.

Sodium aluminium silicate in paints and coatings partially replaces titanium dioxide, offering advantages such as: the improvement of the optical properties: higher degree of brightness and opacity,
cost saving in the paint,
an improvement of the rheological behaviour of the paint thanks to Sodium aluminium silicates greater stability during storage, on regulating the pH, maintaining a constant viscosity and acting as an anti-sedimenting agent, and
an improvement of the properties of the paint applied on conferring greater resistance to wash and friction and less tendency to fouling.

Abstract The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of Sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives.
The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) assigned these food additives together with other aluminium‐containing food additives a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 7 mg aluminium/kg body weight (bw).
In 2008, EFSA established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg aluminium/kg bw per week. Sodium aluminium silicate was shown in rats to be absorbed to a limited extent at 0.12 ± 0.011%.
The Panel considered that potassium aluminium silicate would be absorbed and become systemically available similarly to sodium aluminium silicate.
No information on the physicochemical characterisation of sodium aluminium silicate and potassium aluminium silicate when used as food additives has been submitted and only very limited toxicological data were available for sodium aluminium silicate. 

Exposure to E 554 was calculated based on the reported use levels in food supplements.
Exposure to aluminium from this use of E 554 was calculated to exceed the TWI for aluminium. 
Based on the data provided by interested business operators, the Panel considered that E 555 is not being used as a carrier, but as an inseparable component of ‘potassium aluminium silicate‐based pearlescent pigments’.
The Panel calculated the regulatory maximum exposure to E 555 as a carrier for titanium dioxide (E 171) and iron oxides and hydroxides (E 172).
Exposure to aluminium from this single use at the maximum permitted level could theoretically far exceed the TWI.
Considering that only very limited toxicological data and insufficient information on the physicochemical characterisation of both food additives were available, the Panel concluded that the safety of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) could not be assessed.

Synonyms
69912-79-4
MOLECULARSIEVE
Molecular Sieves, Grade 513
308080-99-1
MOLECULAR SIEVE
MOLECULAR SIEVES
73987-94-7
Molecular sieves 3A, 4 to 8 mesh
Molecular sieves 5A, 4 to 8 mesh
Molecular sieves 3A, 8 to 12 mesh
Molecular sieves 5A, 8 to 12 mesh
Molecular sieves 3A, powder <50 micron
Sodium Aluminosilicate, Aluminum Sodium Silicate
Aluminum potassium sodium silicate
sodium alumino silicate
sodium alumino-silicate
Molecular Sieves, Grade 514
DTXSID7026021
Aluminum,sodium,dioxido(oxo)silane
ALUMINUM SODIUM TETRAOXIDOSILANE
Molecular sieves 5A, powder <50 micron
Molecular sieves, 1/8'' pellets (Linde 5A)
Molecular sieves, -600 mesh powder (Linde 5A)
Molecular sieves, 1/16'' pellets (Linde 5A)
Q724424
Aluminate(12-), (orthosilicato(4-))docosaoxododeca-, dodecasodium

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