SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE

SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE

CAS No. : 15763-77-6; 28348-53-0
EC No. : 248-983-7; 250-913-5

Synonyms:
Sodium o-cumenesulfonate; benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt;    benzenesulfonic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt;    ar-cumene sulfonic acid sodium salt; (1-methyl ethyl) benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt;    sodium 3-(1-methylethyl)benzenesulfonate;    sodium 3-isopropylbenzenesulfonate;    ar-sodium cumene sulfonate; sodium;3-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate;    stepanate SCS;    stepanate SCS-40;    stepanate SCS-40-E;    stepanate SCS-93; Sodium Cumene Sulfonate; sodium; kümen; Sodyum Kümen Sülfonat; sülfonat; sülfent-e; sodiumsulfanate; sodiumcumenesulfonate; sodyum sülfanat; sodium sulfanate; sodyum cümene sülfanat; sodium cumene sulfonate; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Sodium cumene sulfonate; benzen sülfonik asit; izopropil benzen; sodyum 2-izopropil benzen sulfonat; SODYUM SÜLFONAT; benzenesulfonic acid; (1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt; benzenesulfonic acid; kümen monosülfo; 3-(1-methylethyl)-; sodium salt; cumene sulfonic acid sodium salt; methyl ethyl) benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt; sodium 3-(1-methylethyl)benzenesulfonate; sodium 3-isopropylbenzenesulfonate; sodium cumene sulfonate; sodium; 3-propan-2-yl benzenesulfonate; stepanate SCS; stepanate SCS-40; stepanate SCS-40-E; stepanate; SCS-93; Sodium o-cumenesulfonate; UNII-TQE0L6I6W8; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-; sodium salt; Sodium o-cumenesulfonate; Sodium 2-isopropylbenzenesulfonate; o-Cumenesulfonic acid; sodium salt; Sodium 2; isopropylbenzenesulphonate; o-Cumenesulphonic acid; sodium salt; Sodium cumenesulphonateC9H11O3S.Na SCHEMBL67965 ; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; CTK4G1284DTXSID30872318; GIPRGFRQMWSHAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M NOCAS_872318; Benzenesulfonic acid; 2-(1-methylethyl)-; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; sodium salt (1:1); AKOS015891134; Sodyum Kümen Sülfonat; KUALIMATE SCS 40; RP27380 250-913-5; 2-Isopropylbenzènesulfonate; de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 32073-22-6 [RN]; Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-; monosulfo deriv; sodium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid; (1-methylethyl)-; sodium salt; benzenesulfonic acid; 2-(1-methylethyl)-; sodium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid, 2-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]; Natrium-2-isopropylbenzolsulfonat ; [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; sodium 2-(1-methylethyl)benzenesulfonate; Naxonate 40SC; sodium 2-(propan-2-yl)benzenesulfonate; Sodium 2-isopropylbenzenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Sodium cumenesulphonate; SODIUM O-CUMENESULFONATE ; (1-Methylethyl)benzenesulfonic acid; sodium salt [32073-22-6]71407-44-8 [RN]; CUMENE MONOSULPHO DERIVATIVE SODIUM SALT; cumene; monosulpho derivative; sodium salt cumene; sulfonic acid; sodium salt; MFCD00137274; NOCAS_872318; Sodium 2-(propan-2-yl) benzene; sulfonate; SODIUM 2-(PROPAN-2-YL)BENZENE-1-SULFONATE; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; sodium 2-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium 4-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium cumene sulfonate; Sodium cumenesulfonate; SODIUM MONO-ISOPROPYLBENZENESULFONATE; Sodium-4-(1 methyl ethyl) benzene sulfonate; Benzenesulfonic acid; (1-methylethyl)-;sodium salt; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Sodium cumenesulphonate; ar-Cumenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; [ChemIDplus];Cumenesulfonic acid; sodium salt; Cumenesulfonate, sodium salt; Sodium cumene sulfonate; Benzenesulfonic acid (1 methylethyl) sodium salt; Methylethylbenzenesulfonate, sodium salt; [Reference #1] CumolsulfonsaeureNaSalz; Natriumcumolsulfonat; Sodium o-cumenesulfonate; benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt;    benzenesulfonic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt;    ar-cumene sulfonic acid sodium salt; [IUCLID] ; SODIUM CUMENE SULPHONATE; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; sodium cumene sulfonate;Sodyum Kümen Sülfonat; Sodyum Kümen Sülfonat %40; (1-methylethyl)-benzenesulfonicacid; sodiumsalt; Benzenesulfonicacid; (1-methylethyl)-; sodiumsalt; Sodium cumene sulphatee; (1-METHYLETHYL)-BENZENESULPHONICACID; SODIUMSALT; Natriumcumolsulfonat; sodium 2-phenylpropane-2-sulfonate; CUMENE MONOSULPHO DERIVATIVE SODIUM SALT; cumene; monosulpho derivative; sodium salt cumene; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; sulfonic acid; sodium salt; MFCD00137274; NOCAS_872318; Sodium 2-(propan-2-yl) benzene; sulfonate; SODIUM 2-(PROPAN-2-YL)BENZENE-1-SULFONATE; sodium 2-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium 4-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium cumene sulfonate; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Sodium cumenesulfonate; SODIUM MONO-ISOPROPYLBENZENESULFONATE; Sodium-4-(1 methyl ethyl) benzene sulfonate; Benzenesulfonic acid; (1-methylethyl)-;sodium salt; Sodium cumenesulphonate; ar-Cumenesulfonic acid, sodium salt;benzenesulfonic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt; SODIUM CUMENE SULPHONATE; sodium cumene sulfonate;sodyum cumene sulfonat; Sodyum Kümen Sülfonat; Sodıum Cumene Sulfonate; Sodyumkümen Sülfonat; Sodıumcumene Sulfonate; Sodiyum Kümen Sülfonat; Sodyum Cumene Sulfonate; Sodyum Kumene Sulfonate; Sodyum Cumene Sulphonate; Sodyum Cumene Sulfonat; (1-methylethyl)-benzenesulfonicacisodiumsalt Benzenesulfonicacid,(1-methylethyl)-,sodiumsalt; Sodium cumene sulphatee; (1-METHYLETHYL) BENZENESULPHONICACID, SODIUMSALT; sodyum kümen sülfonat; sodıum cumene sulfonate 93%; sodyumkümen sülfonat; sodıumcumene sulfonate 93%; sodiyum kümen sülfonat; sodyum cumene sulfonate 93%; sodyum kumene sulfonate 93%; sodyum cumene sulphonate 93%;Natriumcumolsulfonat; sodium 2-phenylpropane-2-sulfonate
 

SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE

Overview
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is a solubilizer, coupling agent and cloud point depressant used in heavy duty cleaners, wax strippers and dishwashing detergents, oil field and metal working applications.
Application of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Hand Dishwashing, Heavy Duty Cleaning, Laundry Household, Light Duty Cleaning, Metalworking Cleaners
Chemical Description of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Chemical Groups of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sulfonates, Hydrotropic Sulfonates
Markets of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Household, Industrial and Institutional Cleaning, Industrial Products, Laundry and Cleaning
Properties of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
% Active of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate:    40
Boiling Point, of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate ºC:    >100
Draves Wetting of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate, sec @ 25°C:    >300
Flash Point of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate, PMCC, °C:    >94 
Form of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate @ 25°C:    Liquid
Surface Tension of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate, mN/m:    52.7
RVOC of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate, U.S. EPA %:    0

Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is a very effective hydrotrope with broad formulation compatibility. With an active level of, it offers increased low temperature stability. Similar to Sodium Cumene Sulfonate.
INCI Name of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate    Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
CTFA Name of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate    Sodium Cumene Sulfonate SCS-40
CAS Number of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate    32073-22-6
Applications of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate    Detergent & Cleaners
Use of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate    Tainolin SCS-40, dissolved in water can increase the solubility for low-soluble organic matter, lower down the cloud point of the aqueous formulated products, and reduce the viscousity of the aqueous products. The material also shows detergency
Purity of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Chemical Name of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Product Application of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
Form of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate at 25℃
liquid
Purity of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate; 93%
Chemical Name; Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Product Application of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
Form of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate at 25℃; solid, powder
CAS Number of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : 28348-53-0 
Other of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : 1137170-14-9
FDA UNII of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : 1FL59E3M9R
MDL of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : MFCD00137274
Molecular Weight of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : 222.23903928
Formula of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : C9 H11 Na O3 S

Our main products include Sodium xylene Sulfonate, Sodium Cumene Sulfonate, toluene sulfonic acid, and etc. With our unique production process, Kuantum decides to enter the global market with our quality products and services. The ultimate objective of Kuantum is to be recognized by our customers, suppliers and competitors as the highest quality performer in our business. In the future, GC & HPLC will be joined for further research and quality control as well. Kuantum is committed to maintain a clean environment by minimizing adverse effects due to its manufacturing activities. If you are interested in our products, please feel free to contact us. We sincerely hope to establish a long-term cooperation relationship.
Hydrotropes were tested for their mutagenic potential in various in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity assays. Sodium xylene sulfonate gave a negative response in a mouse lymphoma assay, the Ames assay, Sister Chromatid Exchange assay, (positive at cytotoxic concentrations only), a Chromosome Aberration Test and three mouse micronucleus assays. Calcium xylene sulfonate and sodium cumene sulfonate were negative for mutagenicity in the Ames test.
No reproductive toxicity studies are available for the hydrotropes, although available oral and dermal toxicity studies with various hydrotropes included examination of reproductive organs of both sexes. The OECD SIDS assessment included reviews of a 91-day oral rat feeding study with sodium cumene sulfonate, a 90-day feeding study with sodium xylene sulfonate (mice and rats) and the 2-year dermal studies with sodium xylene sulfonate (in mice and rats) which included examination of the reproductive organs of both sexes. There was no evidence from these studies to suggest that hydrotropes would have an adverse effect on reproductive organs by either the oral or dermal route. No developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits are available in the cumene sulfonic acid and its salts. However, a developmental study in rats is available for a surrogate hydrotrope, calcium xylene sulfonate. In this study the NOAEL for maternal and fetal toxicity was the highest dose tested, 3,000 mg/kg/day (936 mg/kg/day, corrected for purity of test material). Based on this information, there is no evidence to consider cumene sulfonic acid and its salts as being developmental toxicants.
There are no reproductive toxicity studies reported for Sodium Cumene Sulfonate and its salts. However, no effects on reproductive organs were observed at very high doses in number of studies such as a 91-day oral rat feeding study with sodium cumene sulfonate, the 90-day feeding study with sodium xylene sulfonate, and the 2-year dermal studies with sodium xylene sulfonate. Based on the above evidence, EPA concluded that cumene sulfonic acid and its salts are not likely to be a reproductive toxicant. This conclusion is in agreement with the OECD conclusion that there is no evidence to suggest that of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate and its salts would have an adverse effect on reproductive organs.
Application of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate:
⦁    Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is Solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
⦁    Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is used as an electroplating bath additive and as viscosity reducer for concentrated liquid detergent and as solubilizer and cloud point depressor.
⦁    Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is Effective in promoting the compatibility of various ingredients present in a multicomponent system.

Sodium Cumene Sulphonate
Molecular formula of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate: C9H11NaO3S
Molecular weight of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : 222
CAS NOImage of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate: 28348-53-0, 32073-22-6
Chemical Name of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Product Application of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate: Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
Form of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate at 25a : liquid
Benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, sodium salt; Sodium cumenesulphonate; ar-Cumenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; [ChemIDplus] Cumenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Cumenesulfonate, sodium salt; Sodium cumene sulfonate; Benzenesulfonic acid (1 methylethyl) sodium salt; Methylethylbenzenesulfonate, sodium salt; [Reference #1] Cumolsulfonsaeure-Na-Salz; Natrium-cumolsulfonat; [IUCLID]

Applications of Sodium cumene sulfonate 
Hydrotropes are in sodium cumene sulfonate use industrially and commercially in cleaning and personal care product formulations to Sodium cumene sulfonate allow more concentrated formulations of surfactants. About 29,000 metric tons are produced (i.e., manufactured and imported) annually in the US.[4] Annual production (plus importation) in Europe and Australia is approximately 17,000 and 1,100 metric tons, respectively.Common products containing a sodium cumene sulfonate hydrotropes include laundry detergents, surface cleaners, dishwashing detergents, liquid soaps, shampoos and conditioners.[4] They are coupling agents, used at concentrations from 0.1-15% to stabilize the formula, modify viscosity and cloud-point, reduce phase separation in low temperatures, and limit foaming.
Environmental Considerations Sodium cumene sulfonate
Hydrotropes have a low bioaccumulation potential, as the octanol:water partition coefficient is <1.0.[4] Studies have found hydrotopes to be very slightly volatile, with vapor pressures <2.0x10-5 Pa.[4] They are aerobically biodegradable. Removal via the secondary wastewater treatment process of activated sludge is >94%.[8] Acute toxicity studies on fish show an LC50 >400 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L. For Daphnia, the EC50 is >318 mg a.i./L. The most sensitive species is green algae with EC50 values in the range of 230-236 mg a.i./ L and No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC) in the range of 31-75 mg a.i./L.[8] The aquatic Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) was found to be 0.23 mg a.i./L.[7] The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)/PNEC ratio has been determined to be < 1 and, therefore, hydrotropes in household laundry and cleaning products have been determined to not be an environmental concern.Aggregate sodium cumene sulfonate sodium cumene sulfonate exposures to consumers (direct and indirect dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) have been estimated to be 1.42 ug/Kg bw/day. Calcium xylene sulfonate and sodium cumene sulfonate have been shown to cause temporary, slight eye irritation in animals.[8] Studies sodium cumene sulfonate have not found hydrotropes to be mutagenic, carcinogenic or have reproductive toxicity. Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that sodium cumene sulfonate is based on an aromatic hydrocarbon with an aliphatic substitution. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable sodium cumene sulfonate colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C. Nearly all the cumene that is produced as a pure compound sodium cumene sulfonate on an industrial scale is converted to cumene hydroperoxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of other industrially important chemicals, primarily phenol and acetone. Commercial production of cumene is by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with propylene. Cumene producers account for approximately 20% of the global demand for benzene.[4] The original sodium cumene sulfonate route for manufacturing of cumene was by alkylation of benzene in the liquid phase using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, but because of the complicated neutralization and recycling steps required, together with corrosion problems, this process has been largely replaced. As an sodium cumene sulfonate alternative, solid phosphoric acid (SPA) supported sodium cumene sulfonate on alumina was used as the catalyst. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to be a hydrotrope able to prevent aggregation of proteins at normal physiologic concentrations and to be approximately an order of magnitude more effective than sodium xylene sodium cumene sulfonate sulfonate in a classic hydrotrope assay.[9] The hydrotrope activity of ATP was shown to be independent of its activity as an "energy currency" in cells.[9] Recently, ATP sodium cumene sulfonate function as biological hydrotope has been shown proteome-wide under near native conditions. Sodium Cumene Sulfonate CTFA Name Sodium Cumene Sulfonate SCS-40 CAS Number32073-22-6 Applications Detergent & Cleaners Tainolin SCS-40, dissolved in water can increase the solubility for low-soluble organic matter, lower down the cloud point of the aqueous formulated products, and reduce the viscousity of the aqueous products. The material sodium cumene sulfonate also shows detergency.sodium cumene sulfonate is a solubilizer, coupling agent and cloud point depressant used in heavy duty cleaners, wax strippers and dishwashing detergents, oil field and metal working applications.

Properties of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Appearance : (1), white powder; (2), liquid.
Solubility of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate : soluble in water.
Stability of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate: stable.
Risk Solid form of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate: flammable material; irritation, moderate irritation to skin, eye. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS (Rev.7) label: 
Liquid form: irritation, moderate irritation to skin, eye.
GHS (Rev.7) label: 
Ecology : may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability : biodegradable.
Characteristics : excellent hydrotropic, viscosity reducing, pour point depressing, anti-caking, dispersing, emulsifying abilities.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfonation reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfonates.
Generally, cumene and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alkyl benzenes or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
Item
Physical and chemical indexes
Liquid - Solid
Actives: %, ≥30.0 - 50.0 / 90.0
pH (25°C, 1%) : 7.0 - 10.5 / 7.0 - 10.5
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents－Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents - Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
2, Hazardous substances indexes

Item
Hazardous substances indexes
Liquid - Solid
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/Kg, ≤20 / 20
As, mg/Kg, ≤3 / 3
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents - Determination of heavy metals
(2), As Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents - Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances; or furtherly test for microorganisms.
Major Uses of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
1, Typical applications; Use as hydrotrope. Use as auxilialy emulsifying agent, auxilialy dispersing agent.
2, Household detergents; Use as hydrotrope, anticoagulant, anti-caking agent. For example: washing powder.
3, Industrial cleaning agents; Use as hydrotrope, anticoagulant, anti-caking agent.
4, Personal care products; Use as hydrotrope.
5, Pets; Use as hydrotrope.
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Purity :40%
Chemical Name :Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Product Application :Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
Form at 25℃ :liquid
Packing :225kgs drum or 1150 kgs tote
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate 93
Purity :93%
Chemical Name :Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Product Application :Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent.
Form at 25℃ :solid, powder
Packing :25kgs bag

Sodium cumene sulfonate (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6O3S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether. It is often stored in the form of alkali metal salts. Its aqueous solution is strongly acidic.
Preparation of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium cumene sulfonate is prepared from the sulfonation of benzene using concentrated sulfuric acid:
Aromatic sulfonation of benzene
This conversion illustrates aromatic sulfonation, which has been called "one of the most important reactions in industrial organic chemistry".[5]
Reactions of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium cumene sulfonate exhibits the reactions typical of other aromatic sulfonic acids, forming sulfonamides, sulfonyl chloride, and esters. The sulfonation is reversed above 220 °C. Dehydration with phosphorus pentoxide gives Sodium cumene sulfonate anhydride ((C6H5SO2)2O). Conversion to the corresponding benzenesulfonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl) is effected with phosphorus pentachloride.
It is a strong acid, being almost fully dissociated in water.
Sodium cumene sulfonate and related compounds undergo desulfonation when heated in water near 200 °C. The temperature of desulfonation correlates with the ease of the sulfonation:[5]
C6H5SO3H + H2O → C6H6 + H2SO4
Because of that, sulfonic acids are usually used as a protecting group, or as a meta director in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The alkali metal salt of Sodium cumene sulfonate was once used in the industrial production of phenol. The process, sometimes called alkaline fusion, initially affords the phenoxide salt:
C6H5SO3Na + 2 NaOH → C6H5ONa + Na2SO3
C6H5ONa + HCl → C6H5OH + NaCl
The process has been largely displaced by the Hock process, which generates less waste.
Uses of Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate is commonly used as the active ingredient in laundry detergent used in clothes washing machines.[6]
Sodium cumene sulfonate is often used to convert to other specialty chemicals.
A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as benzenesulfonate salts and are known as besilates (INN) or besylates (USAN).
In a diluted form, it is also used as a polymer remover stripping agent.

Sodium cumene sulfonate's use as a reagent in the manufacture of phenol, resorcinol, and other organic syntheses and as a catalyst could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Sodium cumene sulfonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization of Sodium cumene sulfonate is not expected from either moist or dry soils. In water, Sodium cumene sulfonate is expected to be essentially non-volatile. Adsorption to sediment, bioconcentration, and hydrolysis are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems. Biodegradation of Sodium cumene sulfonate is likely to occur in both aquatic and soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs. Sodium cumene sulfonate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of approximately 29 days. Removal of Sodium cumene sulfonate from the atmosphere can occur though wet and dry deposition(SRC). Exposure to Sodium cumene sulfonate can occur through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion.
Based on a recommended classification scheme(3), Sodium cumene sulfonate should have very high mobility(SRC) in soil based on estimated Koc values ranging from 1.4 to 12(1,2,SRC). Biodegradation of Sodium cumene sulfonate is likely to occur in soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs(6). Volatilization of Sodium cumene sulfonate is not expected from either moist or dry soils(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4,SRC) and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(5,SRC).
Decomposition of Sodium cumene sulfonate took 16 days by a soil microflora inoculum in mineral salts medium(1). Sodium benzenesulfonate had a 5-day theoretical BOD (at 20 °C) of 2.6, 74.5, and 38.8% in sewage seed, acclimated activated sludge seed, and by the Warburg technique with acclimated activated sludge, respectively(2). A biodegradation study using 100 mg/l Sodium cumene sulfonate, consumed 62, 58, and 344 ul oxygen in an endogenous control, Sodium cumene sulfonate adapted cells, and benzenesulonic acid and phenol adapted cells, respectviely, in 230 minutes(3). In a 2 week closed bottle study, with 100 mg/l Sodium cumene sulfonate and 30 mg/l sludge, Sodium cumene sulfonate gave a theoretical BOD of 87%(4). Sodium cumene sulfonate utilized 10.7 mg of TOC/g of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids per hour in acclimated activated sludge, indicating that the activated sludge possessed the necessary catabolic enzymes required for degradation(5).
The sulfonated benzene structure appears to offer no real resistance to bacterial breakdown since BOD tests carried out on this structure in dilute solutions in river water result in considerable oxygen depletion(1). Sodium cumene sulfonate is resistant to chemical oxidation by KMnO4 and to biochemical oxidation under conditions of 5 day BOD determination(2). Under conditions of dichromate COD determination, oxidation of Sodium cumene sulfonate amounts to 94%(2). Sodium cumene sulfonate is deemed degradable by the Japanese MITI test(3). Sodium cumene sulfonate allowed visible growth of 12 of 14 species of phenol- utilizing bacteria after 5 days at 30 °C(4). Sodium cumene sulfonate degraded only about 4% after 13 months in aquifer slurries from both sulfate reducing and methanogenic sites(5). A study on oxidation of selected carcinogenic compounds (including sodium benzenesulfonate) by activated sludge found no significant oxidation for any compounds studied(6). The presence of a sulfonate grouping on benzene greatly reduces the susceptibility of Sodium cumene sulfonate to biological oxidation(7). Sodium cumene sulfonate was degraded with difficulty, if at all, in aniline-acclimated activated sludge(8).