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SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate.
Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.
CAS: 151-21-3
European Community (EC) Number: 205-788-1
IUPAC Name: sodium;dodecyl sulfate
Molecular Weight: 288.38 g/mol
Molecular Formula: NaSO4C12H25
C12H25O4S.Na
C12H25NaO4S
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a role as a detergent and a protein denaturant.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate contains a dodecyl sulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions and is used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, and detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used in creams and pastes to properly disperse the ingredients and as research tool in protein biochemistry.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate also has some microbicidal activity.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), also known as sodium lauryl sulfate, is a versatile anionic surfactant with a broad range of applications in cell biology, biochemistry, and various industries.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate's amphiphilic nature, characterized by a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail and a hydrophilic sulfate head group, makes it an effective detergent capable of solubilizing and denaturing proteins, lipids, and other hydrophobic molecules.
In protein biochemistry, Sodium dodecyl sulfate plays a pivotal role in protein extraction and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).
Sodium dodecyl sulfate's ability to denature proteins by disrupting their secondary and tertiary structures allows for their uniform migration through a polyacrylamide gel matrix based on their molecular weight.
This technique, SDS-PAGE, has become an indispensable tool for analyzing protein size and purity.
Beyond protein analysis, Sodium dodecyl sulfate also finds applications in nucleic acid extraction and hybridization techniques.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate's detergent properties aid in the lysis of cells and the solubilization of cellular components, facilitating the extraction of DNA and RNA.
This makes Sodium dodecyl sulfate a valuable reagent in various molecular biology protocols, including PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and Southern blotting.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate stands as a versatile and widely used surfactant with a diverse range of applications due to its ability to solubilize, denature, and separate biological molecules for cell biology and biochemical research.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic detergent that can form complexes with protein through hydrophobic interactions.
Studies have reported that the hydrodynamic functions of protein-SDS complexes are governed by the length of their polypeptide chains.
Thus, SDS-based electrophoretic techniques can separate protein molecules based on their molecular weights.
Additionally, Sodium dodecyl sulfate can solubilize cell membranes and can extract membrane-bound proteins.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic detergent used to solubilize and denature proteins in protein extraction and SDS-PAGE.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is useful in electrophoretic separation of proteins and lipids.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used in a variety of hybridization and molecular biology techniques.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is effective in both ionic and anionic conditions.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate unravels proteins by binding to peptide chains and imparting a negative charge on the protein; this causes the protein to unfold eliminating shape as a factor for gel separation.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is a detergent that is known to denature proteins.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the determination of protein molecular weight.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used in nucleic acid extraction procedures for the disruption of cell walls and dissociation of nucleic acid:protein complexes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an detergent typically used to solubilize and denature proteins for electrophoresis.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has also been used in large-scale phenol extraction of RNA to promote the dissociation of protein from nucleic acids when extracting from biological material.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in Protein Electrophoresis & Blotting.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant commonly used as a detergent, emulsifier, and protein denaturant in various industrial processes, especially in the production of personal care products, cleaners, and laboratory reagents.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has unique chemical properties that make it an effective ingredient in many applications, helping to reduce surface tension and enhance cleaning power.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is probably not only the most researched anionic surfactant compound but also the most commonly used detergent in protein purification (e.g. DNA) and electrophoretic separation of proteins and lipids.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a protein denaturing agent (PDA) during both extraction procedures and SDS-PAGE.
SDS-PAGE
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is a technique in which the charge on the proteins results from their binding of SDS.
Since the charge is proportional to the surface area of the protein, and the resistance to movement is proportional to diameter, small proteins migrate further.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is utilized in preparing proteins for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a compound that works by disrupting noncovalent bonds in the proteins, denaturing them, and causing the molecules to lose their conformation.
The Sodium dodecyl sulfate anions bind to the main peptide chain at a ratio of one SDS anion for every two amino acid residues.
This effectively imparts a negative charge on the protein that is proportional to the mass of that protein.
The new negative charge is significantly greater than the original charge of that protein.
The electrostatic repulsion that is created by the SDS binding causes the proteins to unfold into a different shape thereby eliminating the shape differences which is a factor in gel separation.
Applications
Cleaning and hygiene
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues.
For example, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component in hand soap, toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect.
Food additive
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA (21 CFR 172.822).
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid.
As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal Regulations require that it must not exceed 1,000 parts per million (0.1%) in egg white solids or 125 parts per million (0.0125%) in frozen or liquid egg whites and as a whipping agent for the preparation of marshmallows it must not exceed 0.5% of the weight of gelatine.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness.
Laboratory applications
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique.
In the case of SDS-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes.
By binding to proteins at a ratio of one Sodium dodecyl sulfate molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio.
In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape.
This separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain simplifies the analysis of protein molecules.
Pharmaceutical applications
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.
Additionally, Sodium dodecyl sulfate aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing.
Miscellaneous applications
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy.
The technique was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using SDS to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent.
Other uses
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus.
Liquid membranes formed from Sodium dodecyl sulfate in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.
The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles.
Experimental Properties
Physical Description:Dodecyl sulfate, [sodium salt] appears as white to pale yellow paste or liquid with a mild odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
Color / Form: White or cream-colored crystals, flakes, or powder
Odor: Faint odor of fatty substances
Melting Point: 399 to 405 °F
Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F
Density: greater than 1.1 at 68 °F
Surface Tension: 39.5 dyn/cm at 25 °C
Production
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate.
Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols. When produced from these sources, "SDS" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with Sodium dodecyl sulfate being the main component.
For instance, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS).
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.
SYNONYMS:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
151-21-3
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Sodium dodecylsulfate
Sodium lauryl sulphate
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
Neutrazyme
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate
Irium
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt
Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt
Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt
Anticerumen
Duponal
Duponol
Gardinol
Sodium monododecyl sulfate
Dreft
Aquarex methyl
Duponol methyl
Solsol needles
Stepanol methyl
Duponol waqa
Stepanol wac
Stepanol waq
Duponol qx
Richonol af
Perlandrol L
Perlankrol L
Sipex sb
Sipex sd
Standapol wa-ac
Stepanol me dry
Duponol Me
Richonol A
Richonol C
Sintapon L
Duponol C
Maprofix LK
Standapol WAQ
Stepanol ME
Stepanol WA
Akyposal SDS
Carsonol SLS
Maprobix NEU
Maprofix NEU
Maprofix WAC
Aquarex ME
Dupanol WAQ
Duponol QC
Duponol WA
Duponol WA dry
Duponol WAQ
Empicol LPZ
Hexamol SLS
Melanol CL
Duponal WAQE
Duponol WAQE
Duponol WAQM
Sterling wa paste
Conco sulfate WA
Conco sulfate WN
Nikkol SLS
Orvus WA Paste
Sipex OP
Sipex SP
Sipex UB
Sipon LS
Sipon PD
Sipon WD
Detergent 66
Montopol La Paste
Sipon LSB
Maprofix WAC-LA
Sterling WAQ-CH
Cycloryl 21
Cycloryl 31
Stepanol WA Paste
Conco Sulfate WAG
Conco Sulfate WAN
Conco Sulfate WAS
Quolac EX-UB
Odoripon Al 95
sodiumdodecylsulfate
Avirol 118 conc
Cycloryl 580
Cycloryl 585N
Lauyl sodium sulfate
Maprofix 563
Sinnopon LS 95
Stepanol T 28
Sodium laurilsulfate
Steinapol NLS 90
Empicol LS 30
Empicol LX 28
Lauryl sodium sulfate
Melanol CL 30
NALS
Rewopol NLS 30
Standapol waq special
Standapol was 100
Sinnopon LS 100
Stepanol WA-100
Carsonol SLS Special
Standapol 112 conc
Stepanol ME Dry AW
Avirol 101
Emersal 6400
Monogen Y 100
Carsonol SLS Paste B
sodium;dodecyl sulfate
Stepanol methyl dry aw
Berol 452
Emal 10
EMAL O
Sipon LS 100
n-Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Sodium monolauryl sulfate
Monododecyl sodium sulfate
Sodiumlauryl ether sulfate
Lauryl sulfate sodium salt
Conco sulfate WA-1200
Conco sulfate WA-1245
Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion
MFCD00036175
Emulsifier no. 104
Texapon k 12 p
CHEBI:8984
P and G Emulsifier 104
Sodium lauryl sulfate ether
SLS
Sodium Laurylsulfate
NSC-402488
Texapon K 1296
NCI-C50191
Laurylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Dodecylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
DTXSID1026031
Sodium lauryl sulfate, synthetic
Finasol osr2
Incronol SLS
Natriumlaurylsulfat
368GB5141J
NCGC00091020-03
E487
Jordanol SL-300
Finasol osr(sub 2)
Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Monagen Y 100
Perklankrol ESD 60
Caswell No. 779
Natrium laurylsulfuricum
12738-53-3
12765-21-8
1334-67-4
Laurylsiran sodny [Czech]
Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt
Dehydrag sulfate gl emulsion
DTXCID906031
Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion
Laurylsiran sodny
Rhodapon UB
Sodium dodecyl sulfate for Electrophoresis, inverted exclamation markY98.5%
Sodium lauryl sulfate 30%
CAS-151-21-3
CCRIS 6272
Lauryl sulfate sodium
HSDB 1315
Sodium lauryl sulfate, dental grade
EINECS 205-788-1
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079011
NSC 402488
CP 75424
Empicol
AI3-00356
UNII-368GB5141J
Sodium lauryl sulfate [JAN:NF]
sodiumlauryl sulfate
sodium dodecylsulphate
Sodium dedecyl sulfate
IPC-SDS
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF
SDS (20% Solution)
sodium monododecyl sulphate
EC 205-788-1
SCHEMBL1102
Sodium lauryl sulfate, SDS
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1)
CHEMBL23393
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 99%
HY-Y0316B
DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Sodium lauryl sulfate (JP17/NF)
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [II]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [MI]
BCP30594
CS-B1770
HY-Y0316
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [FCC]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [JAN]
Tox21_111059
Tox21_201614
Tox21_300149
BDBM50530482
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [MART.]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [HSDB]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [INCI]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [VANDF]
AKOS015897278
AKOS025147308
Tox21_111059_1
DB00815
Dodecyl sulfuric acid ester sodium salt
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [USP-RS]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [WHO-DD]
NCGC00091020-01
NCGC00091020-02
NCGC00254225-01
NCGC00259163-01
NCGC00274082-01
AS-14730
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [EP IMPURITY]
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CS-0182093
D1403
FT-0603358
FT-0700721
I0352
NS00077200
S0588
D01045
EN300-103513
F16341
S-4600
S-4601
Q422241
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, 98%, for electrophoresis
F0001-0539
Z1365432828
Sodium dodecylsulfate;Sodium lauryl sulphate;Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, SDS, Sodium lauryl sulfate
