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Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a hydrated inorganic salt of sodium.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) participates in the synthesis of (E)-2-cyano-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene)ethanethioamide.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is the chemical compound with the formula NaSH.
CAS Number: 207683-19-0
Molecular Formula: H3NaOS
Molecular Weight: 74.07
EINECS Number: 683-666-0
Synonyms: Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate, 207683-19-0, SODIUM MONOHYDROGENSULFIDE N-HYDRATESODIUM MONOHYDROGENSULFIDE N-HYDRATE;SODIUM SULFHYDRATE;SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE HYDRATE;Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate, flakes, pure, 68%;Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate,pure,flakes;Sodium hydrosulfide hydrateSodium bisulfide hydrate;Sodium bisulfide hydrate;Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide (hydrate)
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes.
Solid Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is colorless the solid has an odor of H2S owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture.
In contrast with sodium sulfide (Na2S), which is insoluble in organic solvents, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH), being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.
Crystalline Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) undergoes two phase transitions.
At temperatures above 360 K, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the HS− behaves as a spherical anion owing to its rapid rotation, leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions.
Below 360 K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the HS− sweeps out a discoidal shape.
Below 114 K, the structure becomes monoclinic.
The analogous rubidium and potassium compounds behave similarly.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) has a relatively low melting point of 350 °C.
In addition to the aforementioned anhydrous forms, it can be obtained as two different hydrates, NaSH·2H2O and NaSH·3H2O.
These three species are all colorless and behave similarly, but not identically.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) can be used to precipitate other metal hydrosulfides, by treatment of aqueous solutions of their salts with sodium hydrosulfide.
It is analogous to sodium hydroxide, and is a strong base.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a hydrated inorganic salt of sodium.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) participates in the synthesis of (E)-2-cyano-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene)ethanethioamide.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) may be used as a sulfur nucleophile to induce the C-S bond formation in α,β-dichloro vinyl ketones to form 5- to 8-membered cyclic thioethers.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is the chemical compound with the formula NaHS.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulde (H2S) with sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) and sodium sulde are used industrially, often for similar purposes.
Solid NaHS is colorless.
The solid of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) has an odor H2S owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture.
In contrast with sodium sulde (Na2S), which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaHS, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a colorless to lemon-colored, crystalline (sand-like) solid with a rotten egg odor.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used to make heavy water for nuclear reactors, as a chemical intermediate and pulping agent in making paper, and in making dyes and other chemicals.
In solid ake form, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is ammable and has a colorless or slightly o-white appearance, with an oder similar to H2S.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a deliquescent material, and as such it is often found and used as a liquid in an acqueous solution form.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is soluble in water (50g/100mL at 22°C), alcohol, and ether.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) has large global commercial consumption; Sodium hydrosulde is manufactured for commercial and industrial use via synthesis of Sodium Methoxide with Hydrogen Sulde.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)'s primary uses are as a otation reagent.
Adding certain amounts of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) to substances helps to selectively separate hydrophobic components—ones that naturally repel water—from hydrophilic components ones that naturally absorb and dissolve in water.
The otation process is highly valuable in the usage and recovery of valuable natural resources, and as such otation reagents like Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) are widely used in the mining of salts and metals.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH), with the chemical formula NaSH, is a significant chemical compound formed by the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
It displays fascinating characteristics and goes through unique phase transitions.
When temperatures rise above 360 K, NaSH crystallizes as NaCl.
The HS ions act spherically in this condition, rapidly spinning while uniformly occupying eight equivalent places.
A rhombohedral structure forms as the temperature falls below 360 K, and the HS ions adopt a discoidal shape.
Below 114 K, the structure changes from a thermoclinic to a monoclinic state.
Similar patterns have been seen in NaHS’s rubidium and potassium analogs, demonstrating that this polymorphic behavior is not exclusive to NaHS.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) has a comparatively low melting point of 350 °C.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) can also exist as two separate hydrates, NaSH2H2O and NaSH3H2O, each with unique yet similar properties.
When interacting with aqueous solutions of their salts, similar to sodium hydroxide, this chemical can precipitate a variety of metal hydrosulfides.
For additional insights, refer to The Chemical Language: Exploring Sodium Hydrosulfide Formula.
Its powerful base character and many crystalline transformations make it a versatile substance as sodium hydrosulfide uses vary across different industry sectors.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in wastewater treatment plants to remove heavy metals such as copper, lead, and mercury.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) reacts with these metals to form insoluble metal sulfides, which can then be removed from the water through filtration.
This is particularly important in industries such as mining, where large amounts of metal-rich wastewater are produced.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) can also be used in effluent treatment to remove sulfur compounds or other unwanted contaminants.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the synthesis of thiols (also known as mercaptans), which are important in the creation of various organic compounds.
Thiols are often utilized in the production of flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and other chemical intermediates.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) reacts with organic halides to introduce a sulfur atom into the molecule, thereby forming thiol compounds.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) plays a key role in the removal of sulfur impurities from petroleum and natural gas.
In natural gas processing, NaSH can be used to remove hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from gas streams, preventing the formation of acid gases and helping to meet environmental standards for sulfur content in fuels.
Similarly, in the refining of petroleum products, NaSH can be used to reduce sulfur levels, making the final product cleaner and more environmentally friendly.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the leather tanning industry to help remove hair from animal hides during the tanning process.
It serves as a dehairing agent, breaking down the keratin structure of the hair, making it easier to remove and prepare the hide for further processing.
In the paper industry, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is employed in the kraft pulping process, where it reacts with lignin in wood to break it down, aiding in the production of wood pulp.
The compound helps to decompose lignin into smaller molecules, making the fibers more suitable for papermaking.
Although its use is more limited in food production, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) has applications in food processing, particularly for decolorizing or removing unwanted sulfur compounds in certain food products.
However, it is not commonly used directly in food products, and any application is highly regulated.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is employed in the creation of sulfur-containing polymers, such as polysulfides, which are used in various industrial applications.
These polymers have high chemical resistance and are used in the manufacture of sealants, rubbers, and other materials that require durability and resistance to degradation.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) poses notable environmental concerns, especially when improperly disposed of.
Since it releases hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a potent air pollutant, it must be handled with care to prevent contamination of air, soil, or water.
The presence of H₂S in industrial waste streams can lead to acid rain formation and significant environmental damage.
Therefore, regulations governing the disposal of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) are strict, requiring neutralization before being released into the environment.
The compound’s toxicity and reactivity mean that it is subject to stringent transportation and storage regulations, with many jurisdictions requiring specific safety certifications for its handling.
Companies dealing with NaSH must comply with these safety protocols to reduce the risk of accidents, leaks, or explosions, particularly in areas where it might come into contact with incompatible materials.
Melting point: 52-54 °C(lit.)
Flash point: 194 °F
storage temp.: Store at -20°C
solubility: DMF: 3 mg/ml; DMSO: 3 mg/ml; Ethanol: 3 mg/ml; PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
form: Deliquescing Flakes
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is also used in the industry as an adjuvant or a reducing agent.
Important areas of application are here, for example, leather production, water treatment or the pigment industry.
In addition, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) sulde is used in a variant of the well-known Asinger reaction.
Despite a certain danger of the product, it oers numerous advantages in production processes and is convenient to store and easy to use.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) solution is an alternative product to sulfur from hydrogen sulfide.
Much hydrogen sulfide ends up on solid bed medias such as iron sponge or Sulfatreat.
This is disposed of in landfills.
These processes are justified in most cases.
Depending on your production rate of hydrogen sulfide, a Claus Unit may be just what you need.
However, there are certain cases where the intermediate volumes of gas can justify a Sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) unit.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a compound with broad industrial and chemical applications due to its strong reducing and sulfur-donating properties.
It plays a vital role in sectors ranging from mining and metallurgy to cosmetics and rubber production.
However, because of its potential hazards, particularly in releasing toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, its handling and usage require careful precautions and adherence to safety standards.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)s extensive utility across various industries highlights the need for advanced safety measures to prevent accidental exposure, and the substance continues to be vital in achieving high-efficiency processes in a range of manufacturing and chemical industries.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the production of various pesticides and herbicides, particularly in formulations that aim to address sulfur deficiency in plants.
As a sulfur donor, sodium hydrosulfide is involved in synthesizing organosulfur compounds, which are active ingredients in certain pest control products.
These compounds can be effective against a range of plant pests and fungi.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)s utility in agrochemicals, however, is niche compared to its use in industrial and chemical processing.
In addition to its role in flotation and metal extraction, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is also applied in the purification of certain minerals.
It can be used to precipitate metals like copper and nickel from their ores, making them more concentrated and easier to refine.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) helps in extracting precious metals from complex ores by interacting with sulfide minerals and selectively binding to metals, allowing them to be isolated.
Due to its chemical reactivity, sodium hydrosulfide is widely used in research laboratories as a reductant in organic chemistry experiments.
It helps in the reduction of organic compounds, including those with nitro groups, and is used in the preparation of sulfur-containing organic molecules, which can then be applied in pharmaceutical synthesis, bioengineering, and materials science.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in some cosmetic formulations, particularly those involving hair care products.
It is sometimes used as an active ingredient in hair straighteners and depilatory creams due to its ability to break down keratin, which is the structural protein found in hair and skin.
However, its use is carefully regulated due to the potential for skin irritation and the release of toxic gases during the application.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) plays a role in the vulcanization process of synthetic rubbers.
Vulcanization is a chemical process that makes rubber more durable and elastic by adding sulfur.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) helps introduce sulfur into the rubber molecules, enhancing their cross-linking, which improves the material’s strength, flexibility, and resistance to wear and tear.
In the rubber industry, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is utilized in the synthesis of sulfur-based accelerators.
These chemicals speed up the vulcanization process, making it more efficient and less energy-intensive.
The ability of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) to facilitate sulfur incorporation into rubber molecules makes it an essential component in producing high-performance synthetic rubbers used in industries such as automotive and construction.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) must be stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture exposure.
It should be kept in a cool, dry area, away from acids or materials that can react with it to release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas.
Containers should be clearly labeled with appropriate hazard warnings.
In case of a spill, immediate containment is necessary.
Any contaminated material should be neutralized with acidic substances like dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or acetic acid.
Personnel involved in cleanup should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including respirators, gloves, and safety goggles, to avoid exposure to harmful fumes.
Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide gas produced during the handling of NaSH can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, nausea, and even loss of consciousness in extreme cases.
High concentrations can be fatal.
Therefore, it is important to ensure adequate ventilation in work areas and use air-purifying systems if needed.
Uses:
Thousands of tons of NaSH are produced annually.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)s main uses are in cloth and paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the kraft process, as a flotation agent in copper mining where it is used to activate oxide mineral species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.
As mentioned previously, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)’s chemical and physical properties are the main reason for its applications across the industry.
The substance’s unique characteristics make it a perfect choice for specific purposes, such as its application in the mining industry, leather production, pulp and paper industry, and water purification.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) uses are as diverse as its properties.
But before delving into this topic, it is vital to note that every person who works with chemical compounds like sodium hydrosulfide must know about the safety of this substance.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a chemical compound that consists of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), and sulfide (S) ions.
It is typically produced by reacting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S) under controlled conditions.
The resulting product is a white to light yellow crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is often used in various industrial applications due to its chemical properties, such as its ability to donate sulfur or react with other compounds in chemical processes.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a strong reducing agent, which means it can donate electrons in chemical reactions, making it useful in processes such as pulp and paper manufacturing, leather tanning, and textile processing.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is also used in the oil and gas industry for desulfurization and removal of impurities from natural gas and petroleum products.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is involved in the production of chemicals like thiols and sulfides, which have applications in the creation of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.
One of the key roles of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is in the extraction of metals from ores.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is particularly used in the mining industry for the flotation of metal sulfides, where it helps separate valuable minerals from unwanted materials.
In chemical synthesis, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is often employed in the manufacture of polymers and in chemical reactions that require the introduction of sulfur atoms into organic molecules.
Despite its utility, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a hazardous substance.
It reacts with water and acidic compounds to release hydrogen sulfide gas (H₂S), which is toxic and has a characteristic foul odor, similar to rotten eggs.
In high concentrations, H₂S is highly toxic and poses serious health risks, including respiratory distress, headaches, and even fatalities in severe cases.
As such, proper safety precautions, such as ventilation and protective equipment, are crucial when handling Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH).
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a versatile compound with several industrial and chemical applications, especially in metal extraction, desulfurization, and chemical manufacturing.
However, its handling requires careful attention to safety protocols due to its reactivity and the toxic nature of its byproducts, such as hydrogen sulfide gas.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in a wide variety of additional applications beyond those previously mentioned.
Its strong reducing properties make it valuable in numerous chemical reactions, particularly when sulfur needs to be introduced into organic compounds or when a sulfur donor is required for synthesis.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is commonly used in the pulping process, particularly for the kraft process in paper manufacturing.
It plays a crucial role in the production of wood pulp, helping to break down the lignin in wood chips.
The lignin removal makes it easier to separate the cellulose fibers, which are the primary material used in paper.
By adding NaSH to the process, manufacturers can improve the quality of the final product, while also contributing to environmental benefits, such as reducing the need for chlorine-based bleaching agents.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the leather tanning industry as a dehairing agent.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) helps remove hair from animal hides during the tanning process by breaking down the protein structure of the hair and making it easier to separate from the skin.
This results in higher-quality leather with fewer imperfections and better texture. NaSH is preferred in certain tannery processes because of its ability to produce smoother, softer leather without compromising its strength.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is involved in the production of various chemicals, especially those that contain sulfur as a key component.
One notable application is in the synthesis of sulfur-containing organic compounds, which are used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
For example, it is used to produce organosulfur compounds, such as thiols, sulfides, and sulfonates, which are often used as intermediates in the synthesis of drugs and pesticides.
In the mining industry, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is employed in the flotation process to separate valuable metal ores, such as copper, nickel, and gold, from other minerals.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) works by forming metal sulfide complexes that can be easily removed during the flotation process.
This use is particularly important in the mining of precious and base metals, as it enhances the recovery rates and allows for more efficient processing of ores.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in water treatment plants for dechlorination and the removal of metals from wastewater.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) reacts with chlorine to neutralize it, making the water safer for discharge or further treatment.
Additionally, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is employed to precipitate out harmful metals, such as copper or zinc, which can be toxic to aquatic life, ensuring that water released into the environment meets regulatory standards.
In the textile industry, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used to bleach and clean wool and other fibers.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) helps in the removal of impurities from the fibers, such as fatty acids and natural waxes, which can interfere with dyeing and finishing processes.
The use of sodium hydrosulfide in textile processing enhances the quality of fabrics by ensuring more even dyeing and a smoother finish.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is also employed in the rubber industry, particularly in the vulcanization process.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a chemical process that improves the elasticity, durability, and heat resistance of rubber.
By introducing sulfur into the rubber compound, NaSH accelerates the cross-linking of the polymer chains, resulting in a stronger and more durable material that can withstand wear and harsh conditions.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is a key precursor in the sodium sulfide manufacturing process.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in various industrial applications, including as a reducing agent, in the production of dyes and pigments, and in certain chemical reactions.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) reacts with other chemicals, such as sodium carbonate, to produce sodium sulfide, which is essential in industries like textiles, paper, and pharmaceuticals.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the agricultural industry as a soil amendment and sulfur source for plants.
It helps in sulfur fertilization, ensuring that crops have access to the necessary nutrients for growth.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is particularly beneficial in crops that require high levels of sulfur, such as cabbage, onions, and garlic.
It also plays a role in the development of certain fungicides used to protect plants from fungal infections.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) can be used as a hydrogen sulfide source in the production of sulfuric acid and other chemicals needed in the energy sector.
It is used in certain types of gas sweetening processes to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas or crude oil.
By purifying the gas or oil, NaSH helps ensure that the final product is free of sulfur impurities that could cause environmental or operational issues when burned or used in engines.
Due to the potential hazards associated with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) release, proper ventilation is essential when handling sodium hydrosulfide.
Appropriate protective gear, such as gloves, goggles, and respirators, should be worn to avoid direct contact with the substance or exposure to fumes.
Additionally, because Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is corrosive, any spills should be cleaned promptly with caution, and the material should be stored in airtight containers away from moisture or acidic substances to prevent unwanted reactions.
Transportation of Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) must be carried out under strict safety protocols due to its reactive nature.
Special attention must be given to avoid any situation where it could come into contact with moisture, acids, or other incompatible materials, as this could result in the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas and pose a risk of explosion or toxicity.
Safety Profile:
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is commonly used in the pulping process, particularly for the kraft process in paper manufacturing.
It plays a crucial role in the production of wood pulp, helping to break down the lignin in wood chips.
The lignin removal makes it easier to separate the cellulose fibers, which are the primary material used in paper.
By adding NaSH to the process, manufacturers can improve the quality of the final product, while also contributing to environmental benefits, such as reducing the need for chlorine-based bleaching agents.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used in the leather tanning industry as a dehairing agent.
It helps remove hair from animal hides during the tanning process by breaking down the protein structure of the hair and making it easier to separate from the skin.
This results in higher-quality leather with fewer imperfections and better texture.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is preferred in certain tannery processes because of its ability to produce smoother, softer leather without compromising its strength.
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is involved in the production of various chemicals, especially those that contain sulfur as a key component.
One notable application is in the synthesis of sulfur-containing organic compounds, which are used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
For example, Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is used to produce organosulfur compounds, such as thiols, sulfides, and sulfonates, which are often used as intermediates in the synthesis of drugs and pesticides.
