Sodium Hydrosulfide

Sodium Hydrosulfide

Sodium Hydrosulfide=Sodium Bisulfide=Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide=Sodium Mercaptan

CAS NUMBER:16721-80-5
EC NUMBER:240-778-0
Molecular Weight: 56.07
Molecular Formula: HS.Na or NaHS or HNaS

DEFINITION OF Sodium Hydrosulfide :
Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaHS.
Sodium hydrosulfide is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with sodium hydroxide. 
NaHS and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes.
Solid NaHS is colorless.
The solid of Sodium hydrosulfide has an odor H2S owing to hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. 
In contrast with sodium sulfide (Na2S), which is insoluble in organic solvents, NaHS, being a 1:1 electrolyte, is more soluble.
Sodium Hydrosulfide is a colorless to lemon-colored, crystalline (sand-like) solid with a rotten egg odor.
Sodium hydrosulfide is used to make heavy water for nuclear reactors, as a chemical intermediate and pulping agent in making paper, and in making dyes and other chemicals.
In solid flake form, Sodium Hydrosulfide is flammable and has a colorless or slightly off-white appearance, with an oder similar to H2S. 
Sodium hydrosulfide is a deliquescent material, and as such it is often found and used as a liquid in an acqueous solution form.
Sodium hydrosulfide is soluble in water (50g/100mL at 22°C), alcohol, and ether.
Sodium Hydrosulfide has large global commercial consumption; Sodium hydrosulfide is manufactured for commercial and industrial use via synthesis of Sodium Methoxide with Hydrogen Sulfide.

USES/BENEFITS OF Sodium Hydrosulfide :
Sodium Hydrosulfide's primary uses are as a flotation reagent.
Adding certain amounts of Sodium Hydrosulfide to substances helps to selectively separate hydrophobic components—ones that naturally repel water—from hydrophilic components—ones that naturally absorb and dissolve in water. 
The flotation process is highly valuable in the usage and recovery of valuable natural resources, and as such flotation reagents like Sodium Hydrosulfide are widely used in the mining of salts and metals. 
In copper mining, for example, Sodium Hydrosulfide is widely used to activate oxide mineral species. 
Other usages of Sodium Hydrosulfide include as a textile auxiliary—most notably in leathers.
Its purpose in leather processing is similarly as a flotation reagent used to rid raw animal hides of their natural hair follicles, in order to eventually ready the leather for commercial uses like in furniture and clothing manufacturing.
Further uses of Sodium Hydrosulfide include in agriculture, metal working, and oil field services, as well as in the production of construction materials, household and industrial cleaners, inks and digital inks—dyes in particular, plastics, resins and rubber, and pulp and paper products.
Sodium hydrogensulfide is also used in the industry as an adjuvant or a reducing agent.
Important areas of application are here, for example, leather production, water treatment or the pigment industry. 
In addition, sodium hydrogen sulfide is used in a variant of the well-known Asinger reaction.
Despite a certain danger of the product, it offers numerous advantages in production processes and is convenient to store and easy to use.

APPLICATIONS OF Sodium Hydrosulfide :
Thousands of tons of NaHS are produced annually. 
Its main uses are in cloth and paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur used in the kraft process, as a flotation agent in copper mining where it is used to activate oxide mineral species, and in the leather industry for the removal of hair from hides.
NaHS is a key component in many industrial processes involving sulfur requirements.
⯈MINING
NaHS is an effective means of sulfidizing oxide ores and is used most commonly to separate Copper (Cu) from Molybdenum (Mo).
NaHS does this by depressing the Cu from the Cu-Mo concentrate, allowing for conventional floatation metal separation.
⯈PULP AND PAPER
NaHS is used in the Kraft pulping process to prepare synthetic cooking liquor (white liquor) during pulp mill outages and as a make-up chemical to replace lost sulfur values.
Sodium Hydrosulfide may also be used as a scrubbing media for residual chlorine dioxide generated and consumed in mill bleach plants.
⯈SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
NaHS is used in various industries for applications including, but not limited to, agricultural, dyes, and other chemical processing.
⯈TANNING
NaHS is used for removing hair from hides at the beginning of the tannery process.
⯈ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
NaHS is an effective tool in waste treatment programs requiring stabilization and reduction of heavy and toxic metals through precipitation.
⯈AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY
NaHS is used for deoxygenation of injection water to reduce subsurface arsenic mobilization.

Shortly,
•Flotation in mining industry (copper, molybdenum, cobalt, zinc, nickel…)
•Tanneries (leather industry)
•Heavy metal precipitation
•Chemical industry (cosmetics)
•Paper mills
•Sewage treatment
•Sulfur dyes
•For removing hairs from hides
•As a makeup chemical
•In the leather industry for de-hairing of hides
•Mainly in paper manufacture as a makeup chemical for sulfur
•In the kraft process
•Precipitation of heavy metals in sewage treatment plants
•In applications of the leather industry to remove hairs from skins
•Paper or pulp production to remove the lignin from the wood chips
•Preparation of thioglycolic acid
•ore flotation
•Industrial cleaning applications
•Reducing agent
•Water treatment
•Pigment industry
•Production of luminous pigments

Production of Sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium hydrosulfide is produced by scrubbing hydrogen sulfide from vent streams with sodium hydroxide.
 The NaSH solution is filtered and either sold as 44% to 46% solution, or it is concentrated through evaporation to form flake material of 70% to 72% NaSH.

Preparation of Sodium hydrosulfide
One laboratory synthesis entails treatment of sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) with hydrogen sulfide.
NaOC2H5 + H2S → NaHS + C2H5OH
An alternative method involves reaction of sodium with hydrogen sulfide.

Structure and properties of Sodium hydrosulfide
Crystalline NaHS undergoes two phase transitions. At temperatures above 360 K, NaHS adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the HS− behaves as a spherical anion owing to its rapid rotation, leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions. Below 360 K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the HS− sweeps out a discoidal shape. Below 114 K, the structure becomes monoclinic. The analogous rubidium and potassium compounds behave similarly.
NaHS has a relatively low melting point of 350 °C. In addition to the aforementioned anhydrous forms, it can be obtained as two different hydrates, NaHS·2H2O and NaHS·3H2O. These three species are all colorless and behave similarly, but not identically. It can be used to precipitate other metal hydrosulfides, by treatment of aqueous solutions of their salts with sodium hydrosulfide. It is analogous to sodium hydroxide, and is a strong base.

Chemical Family :Sulfur compounds

MARKET PERSPECTIVE
-Wood pulp production by the kraft process is the largest end use for sodium hydrosulfide, consuming about 42,000 tons last year.
Demand for sodium hydrosulfide grew in the 1980s along with an overall growth of the paper industry and the displacement of sodium sulfate (the traditional cooking liquor make-up chemical) in the kraft pulping process.
Demand growth turned down in the mid-1990s as the pulp sector contracted with the merging of industry participants and rationalization of pulp mills.

-The mining industry, particularly copper mining, is the second largest end use for sodium hydrosulfide, consuming nearly 25,000 tons in 2005.
Sodium hydrosulfide is used for beneficiating low-grade minerals by ore froth flotation.
In this process, desired minerals are separated from waste material by treating a mixture of water, oil and solids such that the metallurgical minerals float to the surface in a recoverable froth.

-The production of chemicals and dyes is the third-largest end use for sodium hydrosulfide.
Consumption appears to be steady for the manufacture of organic chemicals and plastics.
Approximately 5,000 tons per year are consumed for polysulfide elastomers.
About 2,000 tons per year are still consumed for sulfur dyes. Smaller amounts of sodium hydrosulfide are consumed as a reduction agent for food-grade phosphoric acid. 

SAFETY MEASURES:
First aid measures:
Eye Contact
⯈ Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing. Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
⯈ Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
Inhalation
⯈ Remove the person from exposure.
⯈ Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.
⯈ Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
⯈ Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.

Firefighting Measures:
⯈ Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam as extinguishing agents.
DO NOT apply directly on Sodium Hydrosulfide 
⯈ Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Handling and storage:
⯈ Sodium Hydrosulfide is not compatible with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE) and METALS (such as ZINC, ALUMINUM and COPPER, and their ALLOYS).
⯈ Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from COMBUSTIBLES.
⯈ Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Sodium Hydrosulfide is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
⯈ Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings wherever solid Sodium Hydrosulfide is used, handled, manufactured, or stored.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Sodium Hydrosulfide:
Odor Threshold:    Rotten egg odor
Flash Point:    194oF (90oC) (Hydrate form)
Vapor Density:    1.17 (air = 1)
Specific Gravity: 1.79 (water = 1)
Water Solubility: Soluble
Boiling Point:    212oF (100oC)
Melting Point:    662oF (350oC)
Molecular Weight: 56.06
pH: 11.5 to 12.5
Vapor pressure:2.3 kPa

SYNONYMS OF Sodium Hydrosulfide :
SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE
Sodium bisulfide
16721-80-5
Sodium sulfide (Na(SH))
Sodium sulfhydrate
Sodium mercaptan
Sodium mercaptide
Sodium hydrogen sulfide
sodium sulfanide
NaHS
Sodium hydrosulphide
Sodium Hydrogensulfide
sodium;sulfanide
Hydrogen sodium sulfide
Sodium sulfide (Na(HS))
Sodium hydrosulfide (Na(HS))
Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS)
Sodium bisulfide
Sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium sulfhydrate
UNII-FWU2KQ177W

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH)
Sodium Hydrosulfide (NaSH) is an economical form of reactive sulfur that is typically a light-yellow colored solution.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), a toxic gas, is evolved upon contact of NaSH with acids.
Sodium Hydrosulfide is mildly corrosive to carbon steel and cast iron. 
Stainless steels are very resistant to corrosion.
Copper and its alloys, aluminum and zinc are rapidly attacked. 
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) storage systems are to be avoided.

Possible applications of sodium hydrogen sulfide NaHS (CAS No. 16721-80-5)
-Sodium hydrogensulfide is mainly used in three areas where the product has proved its worth.
Sodium hydrogen sulfide is required for the precipitation of heavy metals in sewage-works. 
This means that either individual heavy metals such as chromium or nickel can be released from the wastewater, as well as complexes of heavy metals.
Sodium hydrogensulfide is therefore a practical and inexpensive alternative product in industry for conventional cation exchangers. 
Therefore, companies use sodium hydrogen sulfide for water treatment in the metal industry, the glass and ceramics industries, in printing plants, in the metallurgical industry or in metal processing as well as for soil remediation.
-Another important area of ​​application of sodium hydrogen sulfide is leather production.
During the liming, the animal hair is removed from the skin or fur.
This is important for the preparation of the subsequent tanning.
The method later determines the structure and characteristics of leather to be processed for bags, shoes or clothing. 
In earlier times wood ash was used for liming, hence the term. But in modern industry, sodium hydrogen sulfide is used.
With it waste water that is harmful to the environment is generated, which must be processed further by the companies.
-Sodium hydrogensulfide is also used to make paper or pulp to remove lignin from the wood chips necessary for paper.
In a complex cooking process a chemical treatment of the wood chips takes place.
The contained lignin in the wood colors the pulp brown. 
For paper making, it is therefore important to clean and whiten the mass. 
This removes unwanted residues and discoloration.
Substances such as sodium hydrogensulfide are used for this purpose.

Sodium Hydrosulfide Market, By Form
Liquid form segment is poised to surpass USD 265 million upto 2024.
These products are used industries including leather, textile and pulp & paper due to its property of being highly soluble in water and alcohol, which is anticipated to fuel product demand.
Solid sodium hydrosulfide market size may observe strong gains at over 3.5% by 2024 due to its application in chemical industry.
Solid sodium hydrosulfide has wide application as a substitute for sodium sulfide for sulphidization of lead, zinc, copper and oxides of copper for making them amenable to collector material.
Easy availability and cost effectiveness over other substitutes will contribute towards industry growth.
 
Sodium Hydrosulfide Market, By Grade
Technical grade segment may exceed 365 kilo tons in the forecast timeline. 
Sodium Hydrosulfide products are used in plastic and paint industry to produce dye accompanied with its application in waste treatment programs which requires reduction & stabilization of heavy & toxic metals through the means of precipitation durability.
Increasing product consumption in water treatment industry owing to strict regulations regarding water pollution along with expanding water treatment system market, which is anticipated to reach USD 40 billion by 2024 may propel product demand.
Growing research to examine its use in reducing kidney injury and treating rare disease will promote sodium hydrosulfide usage in pharmaceutical sector, thus driving overall product demand.
 
Sodium Hydrosulfide Market, By Application
Sodium hydrosulfide market size from pulp & paper application is poised to outdo 190 kilo tons in forecast timeframe. 
It acts as a reagent in Kraft process to maintain the level of sulphur along with and used as catalysts to increase reaction rate of paper processing, thereby stimulating product demand in the forecast timeline.
Mining application segment is likely to witness gains of over 3.5% by 2024 owing to feature of acting as floatation agent.
It is used in mining of metals & salts due to its good solubility in water, it precipitates heavy metal from the ore, resulting in easy recovery of metals.
Rising influence towards efficient metal recovery along with growth in mining and exploration activities is likely to contribute towards industry growth in projected timeline.

Sodium Hydrosulfide Market, By Region
Asia Pacific led by, Australia, Japan, South Korea, India and China sodium hydrosulfide market size may surpass USD 190 million at the end of 2024 owing to presence of major manufacturers of leather products including footwear mainly in India and China.
The product is used to remove hair from animal skin during leather production, thereby driving regional product demand.
Europe driven by Italy, France, UK, and Germany market size may observe significant gains over 3% up to 2024 due to strong mining industry.
Sodium hydrosulfide is used as a flotation agent in mining industry including extraction of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, copper and zinc.
Brazil market size may witness strong gains on account of growing pharmaceutical industry.
The product has been researched for its potential medical applications, which will fuel product demand.
 
Sodium Hydrosulfide Industry Background
Sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS) is an inorganic gas produced by degradation of organic matter and it is substantially present in anaerobic sediments.
The product is obtained from half neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with sodium hydrogen oxide.
These products find application in industries including, leather, mining, chemical processing and pulp & paper industry. 
Moreover, growing application potential as disinfectant in agriculture along with usage as additive in extreme-pressure lubricants and cutting oils is anticipated to foster industry growth.
Major industry participants are engaged in technical advancements for improve production techniques which may act as another contributing factor towards industry growth

-What will be the worth of the Sodium Hydrosulfide industry by the end of 2024?
The worth of Sodium Hydrosulfide Market is expected to reach a valuation of 1.5 bn by 2024.