PRODUCTS

SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE

Sodium hypophosphite is also known as sodium phosphinate.
Sodium hypophosphite is the sodium salt of hypophosphorous acid and is usually found as the monohydrate NaPO2H2·H2O.
Sodium hypophosphite is solid at room temperature and appears as a odorless white substance.
Sodium hypophosphite is soluble in water and readily absorbs moisture from the air.

CAS Number: 7681-53-0
EC Number: 231-669-9
Molecular Weight: 87.98
Chemical Formula: NaH2PO2-H2O

Sodium Hypophosphite solution is a clear colorless liquid.
Sodium hypophosphite is used in the surface finishing industry for electroless nickel plating (Ni-P), which offers uniform coating thickness advantages on metal objects, ceramics, and plastics.
Sodium Hypophosphite is an effective reducing agent for nickel ions in solution, reducing them to metallic nickel, on various underlying surfaces including metal substrates and plastics.

Sodium Hypophosphite should be stored in a cool and dry place, isolated from oxidizing agents.
Sodium hypophosphite decomposes into phosphine and disodium phosphate, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Sodium Hypophosphite is generally readily available in most volumes.
High-purity, submicron, and nanopowder forms can be considered.
Sodium Hypophosphite is easily soluble in water and has the property of absorbing moisture from the air.
Sodium hypophosphite should be stored away from oxidizing agents, in a cool and dry place.
Sodium Hypophosphite decomposes to form phosphine and disodium phosphate, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Sodium Hypophosphite comes as white, odorless crystals with a minimum content of 102%.

Hypophosphites are salts of hypophosphorous acid with a general formula of MHZPOZ, where M represents a metal.
During the reaction between phosphorus and calcium hydroxide, secondary products such as calcium phosphite and phosphate are also formed.
These products are insoluble and when a cloudy liquid is filtered, they remain along with excess calcium hydroxide.

Due to the formation of these secondary reactions, intermediate calcium salts must be used.
While a direct reaction between phosphorus and an alkali hydroxide or carbonate might seem theoretically more advantageous, it leads to the simultaneous formation of soluble secondary products that decrease the yield of sodium hypophosphite obtained in this manner.
Additionally, excessive alkalinity must be used to keep the yield and reaction time within reasonable limits.
As a result, the obtained hypophosphite is also strongly alkaline.

As shown in Reaction 1, only 6 mol or 75% of the added phosphorus is converted to hypophosphite.
However, it has been determined that the reaction efficiency should be calculated not based on total phosphorus, but only on phosphorus converted to hypophosphite.

To better distribute molten phosphorus and reduce reaction times, an excess of lime is necessary.
Nonetheless, the still excessively long reaction time of about 12-15 hours is noteworthy.

The main objective of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical process to obtain sodium hypophosphite with high efficiency and reduced reaction times.
Another aim of our invention is to obtain sodium hypophosphite in a solution or powder form with a purity level high enough to be profitably used in chemical nickel plating.

In other words, white phosphorus reacts with a reduced amount of lime sufficient to stabilize secondary reaction products like insoluble calcium salts, while also reacting with the necessary amount of sodium carbonate for the formation of sodium hypophosphite.
This way, the primary reaction and double displacement stages occur simultaneously in the same vessel, and after the filtration process, a direct pure sodium hypophosphite solution is obtained.
Adequate distribution of molten phosphorus in the reaction mass is achieved through proper mixing.

Sodium Hypophosphite is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and in the fiberglass industry.
Sodium hypophosphite serves as a balancing agent for polymers during thermal processing and extrusion.
Sodium Hypophosphite is an electron source used for resin regeneration in Ion Exchange Resins.

Sodium Hypophosphite Monohydrate, also known as Sodium Phosphinate, is the most common form of Sodium Hypophosphite (SHP), a chemical reducing agent with applications as an electroplating agent, polymerization catalyst, polymer stabilizer, flame retardant, and regenerative substance for ion exchange resins.

Sodium Hypophosphite should be stored in a cool and dry place, isolated from oxidizing agents.
Sodium hypophosphite decomposes into phosphine and disodium phosphate, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Sodium Hypophosphite is generally readily available in most volumes.
High-purity, submicron, and nanopowder forms can be considered.
Sodium Hypophosphite is easily soluble in water and has the property of absorbing moisture from the air.
Sodium hypophosphite should be stored away from oxidizing agents, in a cool and dry place. Sodium Hypophosphite decomposes to form phosphine and disodium phosphate, which can irritate the respiratory tract.
Sodium Hypophosphite comes as white, odorless crystals with a minimum content of 102%.

Density: 1.77 g/cm3 at 20°C
Solubility in water: 909 g/L at 30°C
Merck: 13.8703
Sodium Hypophosphite: Specification - 660-700 g/L |
Typical - 680 g/L pH: Specification - 6.0-8.0 |
Typical - 7.0 Calcium: Specification - <50 mg/L |
Typical - 5 mg/L Heavy metals: Specification - <5 mg/L |
Typical - <5 mg/L
Insoluble matter: ND Specific gravity:
Specification - 1.25-1.35 | Typical - 1.30

Sodium hypophosphite is used as an analytical reagent, pH buffer, and reducing agent.
Sodium hypophosphite reacts with hydrogen fluoride to produce phosphoric acid, which can be used to create phosphorous acid.
In this reaction, sodium hypophosphite acts as a reducing agent since it donates electrons to hydrogen fluoride.
Sodium hypophosphite can also be used to reduce phosphorus pentoxide to form phosphorus oxide.
This reaction is important for phosphate production used in fertilizers and detergents.

Like other hypophosphites, sodium hypophosphite can also reduce metal ions back to their base metal forms.
This forms the basis of its primary industrial application, electroless nickel plating (Ni-P).
Using this method, a durable nickel-phosphorus film can be applied to irregular surfaces such as avionics, aviation, and the oil field.

Sodium hypophosphite has the ability to reduce nickel ions in solution to metallic nickel on both plastic and metal surfaces.
The latter requires the substrate to be activated with fine palladium particles.
The resulting nickel deposit can contain up to 15% phosphorus.

Sodium hypophosphite is primarily used as a reducing agent in chemical plating processes.
Sodium hypophosphite can provide a dense and uniform nickel-phosphorus film on objects with complex exterior shapes, including both large equipment and small components, as well as objects with intricate interior shapes like concave and convex lines or deep grooves.
Sodium hypophosphite is also used on the surfaces of non-metallic materials like plastic, ceramics, glass, etc.
The resulting film exhibits surface hardness and wear resistance.
Sodium hypophosphite finds widespread use in electronics, aviation mechanisms, and the oil field.
Additionally, it serves as an interface activator, a molecular weight moderator, and a thermo-stabilizer for synthetic resins.

Like other hypophosphites, sodium hypophosphite can also reduce metal ions back to their base metal forms.
This forms the foundation of its primary industrial application, electroless nickel plating (Ni-P).
Through this method, a resilient nickel-phosphorus film can coat objects with irregular surfaces, such as avionics, aviation, and the oil field.

Sodium hypophosphite possesses the capability to reduce nickel ions in solution to metallic nickel on both plastic and metal surfaces.
The latter requires the activation of the substrate with fine palladium particles.
The resulting nickel deposit can contain up to 15% phosphorus.

Similar to other hypophosphites, sodium hypophosphite can also bring metal ions back to their base metal forms.
This lays the groundwork for its main industrial application, electroless nickel plating (Ni-P).
This technique enables the coverage of objects with irregular surfaces, like avionics, aviation, and the oil field, with a durable nickel-phosphorus film.

Sodium hypophosphite is predominantly utilized as a reducing agent in chemical plating processes.
Sodium hypophosphite can yield a dense and uniform nickel-phosphorus film on items with intricate exterior shapes, including both large equipment and small components, as well as objects with complex exterior shapes such as convex and concave lines or deep grooves.
Furthermore, it is applied to the surfaces of non-metallic materials such as plastic, ceramics, glass, and others.
The resulting film exhibits surface hardness and wear resistance.
Sodium hypophosphite is widely used in electronics, aviation mechanisms, and the petroleum industry.
Additionally, it serves as an interface activator, a molecular weight moderator, and a thermo-stabilizer for synthetic resins.

Sodium hypophosphite has the ability to reduce nickel ions in solution to metallic nickel, just as it does on plastic surfaces as well as metal surfaces.
The latter requires the activation of the substrate with fine palladium particles.
The resulting nickel deposit can contain up to 15% phosphorus.
Sodium hypophosphite has been investigated as a food additive.

Sodium hypophosphite is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and in the fiberglass industry.
Sodium hypophosphite serves as a stabilizer for polymers during thermal processing and extrusion.
Sodium hypophosphite is also used on the surfaces of non-metallic materials like plastic, ceramics, glass, etc.
Sodium hypophosphite finds widespread use in electronics, aviation mechanisms, and the petroleum industry.

Sodium hypophosphite is used in electrochemical nickel plating and Electroless Nickel (EN) processes.
The EN process with Sodium Hypophosphite Monohydrate provides uniform coating thickness on metals, ceramics, and other materials like plastics. Sodium hypophosphite is widely used as a reducing agent in Electroless Nickel Plating within the electronics and automotive industries.

In chemical processing, Sodium Hypophosphite is employed as a raw material for producing hypophosphorous acid, apart from being a reducing agent and antioxidant.
Sodium hypophosphite serves as a polymerization catalyst for acrylic acid-based polymers.
Sodium hypophosphite acts as a balancer for polymers during extrusion and other thermal processes.
Sodium hypophosphite is used in the preparation of flame retardants and can be used as a partial flame retardant.

Sodium hypophosphite is used in water treatment to reduce the content of metal ions in industrial wastewater before discharge.
Sodium hypophosphite's an effective reducing agent for the removal of Nickel, Copper, and Iron.
Sodium hypophosphite's an electron source used for resin regeneration in Ion Exchange Resins.

Sodium hypophosphite, a potent reducing agent, was used as a remedy for tuberculosis in the 1850s.
Sodium hypophosphite has been extensively employed in pharmaceutical preparations, syrups, and tonics. Adverse toxicological effects of Sodium Hypophosphite do not appear to exist, and its sodium, calcium, and potassium salts are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS).

The use of Sodium Hypophosphite in food applications may not be limited to a single function.
Sodium hypophosphite has been used as an antioxidant, stabilizer, curing accelerator, and protein flow enhancer for vegetables in food products.

Colorless monoclinic crystals, pearl-like crystals, or white crystalline powder.
Odorless and salty.
Soluble in water, ethanol, and glycerol; slightly soluble in ammonium and ammonia; insoluble in ether.
Aqueous solution is neutral, and the solubility in water is 667g/10g of water at 100°C.
Sodium hypophosphite exhibits a tendency to dissolve.

Sodium Hypophosphite remains relatively stable when stored in a dry state, but when heated above 200°C, it rapidly decomposes and releases spontaneously flammable toxic phosphine gas.

Sodium hypophosphite can become explosive when subjected to intense heat and explosive when mixed with potassium chlorate or other oxidizers.
Sodium Hypophosphite is a potent reducing agent capable of converting salts of metals like gold, silver, mercury, nickel, chromium, and cobalt into their metallic forms.
Under normal pressure, heating and evaporation of sodium hypophosphite solution can lead to explosions, hence evaporation should be carried out under reduced pressure.

Applications:

Based on Function:
Reducing Agents
Catalysts and Stabilizers
Chemical Intermediates
Food Additives and Flame Retardants

Based on Degree:
Electrical
Industrial
Agriculture and Food

Based on Application:
Electroplating
Water Treatment
Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Food and Polymers

Based on Region:
North America
Europe
Asia Pacific

In recent years, Sodium Hypophosphite has found extensive use in the field of phosphorus flame retardants and cement additives, significantly improving the rapid curing rate and hardness of concrete.

Consumer Uses:
Sodium Hypophosphite is employed in products such as coating materials, fillers, pastes, mortars, modeling clays, cosmetics, and personal care items. The potential for environmental release and other emissions of this substance is likely.

Sodium hypophosphite shares the same chemical principle as electroless copper plating for reduction and other electroless copper plating processes.
Essentially, the electroless copper plating method involves reducing free copper ions in the copper plating solution to solid copper crystals and depositing them onto the substrate's surface using an appropriate reducing agent.

Currently, the electroless copper plating process for sodium hypophosphite reduction is very similar to the electroless copper plating process for formaldehyde reduction, but the reaction mechanism is much more complex.
This is due to the fact that pure metallic copper lacks catalytic activity for the oxidation reaction of sodium hypophosphite.

When used as a reducing agent for electroless copper plating, it's unable to achieve an autocatalytic electroless plating reaction through the copper and silver particles produced during activation and sensitization stages, similar to the formaldehyde system.
To sustain the electroless copper plating reaction in the sodium hypophosphite system, a substance with catalytic activity for electroless plating reaction needs to be added.

The current approach to solving this technical problem is to learn from the process principle of electroless nickel plating.
Nickel ions are introduced into the plating solution, resulting in a copper plating layer containing a small amount of nickel obtained through the co-deposition of metallic nickel and copper.

The deposited nickel particles can catalyze the reaction of sodium hypophosphite reducing Cu2+, ensuring the continuous progress of the electroless copper plating reaction and ultimately achieving a high-quality copper coating.

Synonyms:
SHP
Chemical Na-47
Sodium phosphinate
Sodium phosphine
Sodium monophosphate
Sodium Hypophosphite
Sodium hydrophosphite
Sodium monophosphate
Sodium salt of phosphinic acid
Sodium phosphinate (NaH2PO2)
Sodium salt of phosphinic acid
Sodium salt of phosphinic acid
Sodium hydrogen phosphite (NaH2PO2)