SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE

Chemically represented by the molecular formula C15H28NNaO3 and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COONa with a molecular weight of 293.38 g/mol, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate features a hydrophobic twelve-carbon saturated lauroyl fatty acyl chain covalently linked through a tertiary N-methylamide bond to a hydrophilic sodium carboxylate headgroup derived from the natural amino acid sarcosine. Because the amide nitrogen carries a methyl substituent rather than a hydrogen atom, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt cannot form rigid intermolecular amide hydrogen-bond networks, which lowers the conjugate acid pKa to approximately 3.60 to 4.20, depresses the Krafft temperature below 5 °C, and allows the surfactant to remain completely water-soluble and high-foaming across a broad pH window from 4.5 to 9.5.

Formulators systematically prefer Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate over conventional alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate, alpha-olefin sulfonates, and traditional fatty acid soaps because Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate delivers comparable flash foam volume and sebum emulsification without stripping stratum corneum ceramides, denaturing epidermal keratin, or generating 1,4-dioxane trace contaminants. Compared with unmethylated acyl amino acid surfactants like sodium lauroyl glycinate and sodium cocoyl glutamate that lose solubility or foaming power in mildly acidic environments, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat maintains exceptional lather stability at skin-physiological pH 4.8 to 6.0, exhibits remarkable compatibility with cationic conditioning polymers and quaternary ammonium biocides, and adsorbs onto keratin and metal surfaces to impart a soft, conditioned after-feel and long-lasting corrosion protection.

CAS Number: 137-16-6 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate / Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate; Conjugate Free Acid N-Lauroylsarcosine CAS Number: 97-78-9)
EC Number: 205-281-5 (EINECS 205-281-5 for CAS 137-16-6; EC 202-608-3 for Conjugate Free Acid CAS 97-78-9)
Molecular Formula: C15H28NNaO3 (Condensed Structural Formula: CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COONa; Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2CO2Na)
Molecular Weight: 293.38 g/mol (293.382 g/mol for anhydrous C15H28NNaO3; Conjugate Free Acid N-Lauroylsarcosine C15H29NO3 Molecular Weight: 271.40 g/mol; Effective Stoichiometric Solution Equivalent Weight for 30.0% w/w Aqueous Solution: 977.94 g of solution per 1.000 mole of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate)
INCI Name: SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
E Number: Not Applicable (Cosmetic INCI Surfactant, Oral Care Foaming & Anti-Glycolytic Agent, Molecular Biology Cell-Lysis Detergent, Indirect Food-Contact & Industrial Anionic Amino-Acid Surfactant; Not a Direct Food Additive)
Melting Point: 140 °C to 146 °C for anhydrous crystalline powder/needle grade (>= 94.0% to 95.0% active C15H28NNaO3, with solid-state DSC crystal transition at 125 °C to 135 °C); -2.0 °C to +2.0 °C freezing/crystallization onset for commercial 30.0% w/w aqueous liquid solution (Conjugate Free Acid N-Lauroylsarcosine melts at 45 °C to 47 °C)
Boiling Point: 100.0 °C to 102.0 °C at 101.3 kPa (760 mmHg) for commercial 30.0% w/w aqueous liquid solution (governed by the continuous water phase); Not Applicable for anhydrous ionic solid C15H28NNaO3 (undergoes thermal decomposition above 210 °C to 240 °C prior to boiling at atmospheric pressure)
Viscosity: 15 to 100 mPa.s (cP) at 20 °C to 25 °C for commercial 30.0% w/w aqueous solution (compendial and cosmetic grades typically 20 to 60 mPa.s Newtonian liquid, with premium low-viscosity grades <= 30 mPa.s at 25 °C); Not Applicable for free-flowing anhydrous powder/needle grade
Density: 1.025 to 1.040 g/cm3 (1,025 to 1,040 kg/m3) at 20 °C for commercial 30.0% w/w aqueous solution (typical specific gravity 1.030 to 1.035 g/cm3 at 20 °C/20 °C); true pycnometric crystal density of 1.13 to 1.16 g/cm3 at 20 °C and apparent loose bulk density of 0.35 to 0.55 g/cm3 (350 to 550 kg/m3; tapped bulk density 0.48 to 0.65 g/cm3) for >= 94.0% to 95.0% anhydrous powder/granular grade

Most Frequently Encountered Synonyms:
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate
N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt
N-Lauroylsarcosine, Sodium Salt
Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate
Sodium N-dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate
Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt
Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt (1:1)
Glycine, N-methyl-N-lauroyl-, sodium salt
Sarcosine, N-lauroyl-, sodium salt
Sarcosine, N-dodecanoyl-, sodium salt
Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt
Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt
N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycine Sodium Salt
N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine Sodium Salt
Sodium N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycinate
Sodium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
Sodium 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetate
Sodium 2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate
Sodium (N-methyldodecanamido)acetate
Sodium N-Lauryl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauroyl Sacrosinate
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30%
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Solution
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, cataloged globally under CAS Number 137-16-6, EC / EINECS Number 205-281-5, FDA UNII Code 632GS99618, and Cosmetic INCI designation SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, is a premier anionic N-acyl amino acid surfactant that bridges high-performance detergency with exceptional dermatological, ocular, and mucosal biocompatibility. Known across chemical literature, pharmacopeial references, and international trade as Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt, Sodium [dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate, and in Turkish chemical commerce as Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat (or Sodyum Lauroil Sarkozinat), this amphiphilic compound possesses the empirical molecular formula C15H28NNaO3 and an exact molar mass of 293.382 g/mol. In industrial procurement catalogs, buyers occasionally search for this raw material under phonetic or orthographic variants such as Sodium N-Lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, or Sodium Lauroyl Sacrosinate; chemically, all of these designations refer to the exact same C12 dodecanoyl amide derivative of sarcosine sodium salt (CAS 137-16-6). Ataman Kimya supplies Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate in two primary commercial physical forms engineered to serve diverse manufacturing architectures: a crystal-clear, low-viscosity 30.0% w/w aqueous liquid solution (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid) designed for rapid, cold-process liquid compounding, and a free-flowing, high-purity 94.0% to 95.0% minimum anhydrous white crystalline powder or micro-needle grade (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder 95%) tailored for water-free cosmetic powders, extruded syndet bars, fluoride dentifrices, and molecular biology cell-lysis reagents.

To understand why Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate outperforms both traditional petro-sulfate surfactants and first-generation unmethylated amino acid surfactants, formulators and chemical engineers must examine its molecular architecture, functional domains, and conformational thermodynamics in detail:

1. Dual-Domain Biomimetic Amphiphilic Architecture (C15H28NNaO3, MW 293.38 g/mol):
From a structural organic chemistry perspective, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is the monosodium salt of N-lauroylsarcosine (free acid CAS 97-78-9, EC 202-608-3, MW 271.40 g/mol), which is systematically indexed by IUPAC and Chemical Abstracts Service nomenclature as Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt (1:1), or Sodium 2-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetate. The molecule is constructed from two natural, biomimetic building blocks covalently linked via a hydrolytically robust tertiary amide bond:

- The Lipophilic Tail Domain (Lauroyl / Dodecanoyl Radical, CH3-(CH2)10-C(=O)-): A linear, saturated twelve-carbon fatty acyl chain derived from fractionated vegetable lauric acid (extracted from Cocos nucifera coconut oil or Elaeis guineensis palm kernel oil). Among all saturated fatty acyl chain lengths (C8 capryloyl, C10 caproyl, C12 lauroyl, C14 myristoyl, C16 palmitoyl, and C18 stearoyl), the C12 lauroyl chain represents the thermodynamic gold standard for aqueous detergency and flash foaming: it is sufficiently hydrophobic to drive rapid adsorption at the air-water and oil-water interfaces, yet short enough to maintain high monomer mobility, rapid micellar relaxation kinetics, and an ultra-low Krafft point below 5 °C.

- The Hydrophilic Headgroup Domain (Sarcosinate / N-Methylglycinate, -N(CH3)-CH2-COO- Na+): A polar, negatively charged headgroup derived from sarcosine (N-methylglycine, CH3-NH-CH2-COOH), a natural non-proteinogenic amino acid intermediate ubiquitously present in human muscle, liver, and biological metabolism (formed endogenously during choline and glycine/creatine metabolism). The terminal carboxylate anion (-COO-) is electrostatically balanced by a monovalent sodium cation (Na+, accounting for 7.84% w/w of the anhydrous molecule), while the adjacent tertiary N-methylamide group (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-) contributes a strong permanent dipole moment (~3.7 to 4.0 Debye) and a potent hydrogen-bond acceptor carbonyl oxygen.

2. The Crucial Structural Role of the Tertiary N-Methylamide Bond (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-) vs. Secondary Amides (-C(=O)-NH-):
The single most important structural distinction between Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate and primary amino acid surfactants—such as Sodium Lauroyl Glycinate (CH3(CH2)10-CONH-CH2-COONa), Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate, Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate, and Sodium Lauroyl Alaninate—is the substitution of the amide nitrogen proton (-NH-) with a methyl group (-N(CH3)-). In unmethylated N-acyl amino acid surfactants, the secondary amide group acts simultaneously as a strong hydrogen-bond donor (-NH-) and a strong hydrogen-bond acceptor (-C=O). In aqueous solution and in the solid state, adjacent molecules of sodium lauroyl glycinate zip together via intermolecular N-H...O=C hydrogen bonds into rigid, quasi-crystalline supramolecular ribbons and beta-sheet-like bilayers. This intermolecular amide hydrogen-bond network has three major negative consequences for unmethylated glycinates and glutamates: (a) it raises their Krafft temperature to 15 °C to 30 °C, causing haziness or crystallization during cold storage; (b) it stabilizes the protonated carboxylic acid form, shifting their apparent micellar pKa upward to 5.0 to 5.6; and (c) when a cleanser is formulated at skin-physiological mildly acidic pH (pH 4.8 to 5.8), unmethylated acyl glycinates precipitate as insoluble free acylglycine crystals and suffer a dramatic collapse in flash foam volume, restricting them primarily to neutral or alkaline formulas (pH 7.0 to 8.8).

By contrast, in Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, the tertiary N-methylamide group (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-) completely lacks an N-H hydrogen-bond donor! Because Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate cannot form intermolecular amide-to-amide hydrogen bonds, its hydrocarbon chains and polar headgroups remain fluid, rotationally mobile, and highly hydrated even at refrigerating temperatures:

- Cis/Trans Amide Rotational Isomerism: High-resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of aqueous N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt reveals that rotation around the central C(=O)-N(CH3) partial double bond has an activation barrier of approximately 75 to 85 kJ/mol, populating an equilibrium mixture of cis and trans conformational rotamers (~55:45 to 65:35 ratio in D2O at 25 °C). This conformational heterogeneity frustrates crystalline lattice packing, depressing the Krafft point of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate below 0 °C to +5 °C.

- Depressed Conjugate Acid pKa (~3.60 Intrinsic / ~4.00–4.20 Micellar): Without intramolecular or intermolecular amide N-H hydrogen bonding to alter carboxylate electronics, the terminal carboxylic acid group of sarcosine retains an intrinsic monomeric pKa of approximately 3.60 (compared to 4.76 for acetic acid and 4.9 to 5.5 for lauric acid soaps in micelles). Even when assembled into mixed micelles, the apparent pKa of Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt remains low at 4.00 to 4.20. Consequently, at skin-natural pH 5.0 to 5.8, over 90% to 97% of Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat molecules remain ionized in the water-soluble sodium carboxylate state (-COO- Na+), guaranteeing crystal clarity and high foaming power where fatty acid soaps and unmethylated glycinates fail.

- Interfacial Acid-Soap Dimer Synergy at pH 4.8 to 5.8: Within the mildly acidic pH window of 4.8 to 5.8, the 3% to 10% fraction of protonated neutral N-lauroylsarcosine molecules (R-CON(CH3)CH2COOH) pairs with ionized sarcosinate anions (R-CON(CH3)CH2COO-) via short, ultra-strong intermolecular carboxylate-carboxyl hydrogen bonds (-COO- ... H-OOC-) to form pseudo-double-tailed 1:1 acid-soap dimers at the air-water interface. These tightly packed interfacial dimers lower surface tension to 25.5–27.5 mN/m, increase surface dilational viscoelasticity, and arrest Ostwald ripening and drainage in foam lamellae, explaining why Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate achieves its maximum foam volume, micro-bubble density, and viscosity build precisely at pH 5.0 to 5.6.

3. Exact Stoichiometric Conversion Factors for Formulators (30% w/w Liquid vs. 95% Powder vs. Free Acid):
In industrial batch compounding, R&D chemists and plant engineers frequently convert between commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid (density ~1.032 g/cm3 at 20 °C), Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder, 100% pure active C15H28NNaO3 (MW = 293.382 g/mol), and free N-Lauroylsarcosine acid (C15H29NO3, MW = 271.400 g/mol):

- 1.000 kg of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid contains 0.300 kg (300.0 g, or 1.0226 moles) of pure active C15H28NNaO3 and approximately 0.695 to 0.700 kg of purified water, which is stoichiometrically equivalent to 0.2775 kg (277.5 g) of 100% free N-lauroylsarcosine acid (since 271.400 / 293.382 x 0.300 = 0.2775) or 0.3158 kg of 95.0% w/w Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder.

- Conversely, to deliver 1.000 kg of 100% active Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (C15H28NNaO3) into a shampoo, facial wash, or detergent batch, a formulator must charge 3.333 kg (or 3.230 Liters at 1.032 kg/L density) of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid while subtracting 2.333 kg of water from the batch water charge—or alternatively dissolve 1.0526 kg of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND QUANTITATIVE SPECIFICATIONS

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate exhibits a rigorously defined profile of physical, chemical, thermodynamic, and interfacial properties across both commercial grades supplied by Ataman Kimya: the 30.0% w/w aqueous solution (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid) and the >= 94.0% to 95.0% anhydrous solid (Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate Powder). Below is the complete quantitative engineering, analytical, and physicochemical specification dataset for CAS 137-16-6:

1. Chemical Identity, Formula, and Molecular Weight Constants:
- Empirical Molecular Formula: C15H28NNaO3 (Conjugate Free Acid: C15H29NO3)
- Condensed Structural Formula: CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COONa
- Exact Molar Mass (Molecular Weight): 293.382 g/mol for anhydrous C15H28NNaO3 (271.400 g/mol for conjugate acid N-lauroylsarcosine; 270.392 g/mol for the lauroyl sarcosinate anion C15H28NO3-)
- Elemental Composition (100% Pure Anhydrous C15H28NNaO3 Basis): Carbon (C) 61.41% w/w; Hydrogen (H) 9.62% w/w; Oxygen (O) 16.36% w/w; Sodium (Na) 7.84% w/w; Nitrogen (N) 4.77% w/w
- Renewable Carbon Index (RCI / Bio-Based Carbon Content): 80.0% to 86.7% bio-based carbon (12 out of 15 carbon atoms derive directly from natural vegetable C12 lauric acid; up to 100% when paired with bio-sourced sarcosine)

2. Physical Appearance, Phase State, Color, and Odor:
- Commercial 30.0% w/w Aqueous Liquid Grade (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30%): Clear, transparent, colorless to very pale yellow homogenous liquid free from suspended matter or sediment; characteristic ultra-mild, clean, fatty-amino odor; APHA / Hazen Color Index <= 50 APHA (premium cosmetic and oral care grades <= 20 to 30 APHA; UV-Vis Light Transmittance at 430 nm >= 90.0% to 95.0% through a 1 cm quartz cell)
- Commercial >= 94.0% to 95.0% Anhydrous Solid Grade (N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt Powder): White to off-white, free-flowing fine crystalline powder, micro-granules, or fine needles; virtually odorless or faint characteristic odor (dust can irritate nasal mucosa and induce sneezing if inhaled without respiratory protection); Color of a 10% w/w aqueous solution <= 30 to 50 APHA

3. Active Matter Assay and Moisture / Water Content:
- Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid Active Assay: 29.0% to 31.0% w/w as C15H28NNaO3 (target 30.0% w/w, equivalent to ~1.023 mol/kg or ~1.055 mol/L at 20 °C), determined by two-phase Epton cationic titration (ISO 2271 / ASTM D1681 using Hyamine 1622 / benzethonium chloride with dimidium bromide-disulfine blue mixed indicator or potentiometric surfactant electrode) or reversed-phase HPLC; Total Dry Solids Content: 29.5% to 32.0% w/w; Water Content: 68.0% to 70.5% w/w
- Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder Active Assay: >= 94.0% w/w to >= 95.0% w/w as C15H28NNaO3 for Cosmetic, Oral Care, and Industrial Powder grades; >= 97.0% to >= 99.0% w/w (anhydrous basis) for Molecular Biology and Biochemical Cell-Lysis Grade; Loss on Drying / Moisture Content (105 °C, 2 hours or Karl Fischer titration ISO 4317): <= 2.0% to 3.0% w/w (ultra-dry grades <= 1.5% w/w)

4. Density, Specific Gravity, Bulk Density, and Refractive Index:
- Density of 30.0% w/w Aqueous Solution at 20 °C: 1.025 to 1.040 g/cm3 (1,025 to 1,040 kg/m3; typical batch value 1.030 to 1.035 g/cm3 at 20 °C, decreasing linearly to ~1.022 g/cm3 at 40 °C)
- True Crystal Density of Anhydrous Solid C15H28NNaO3 at 20 °C: 1.130 to 1.160 g/cm3 (gas pycnometry)
- Apparent Loose Bulk Density of 95% Powder Grade: 0.35 to 0.55 g/cm3 (350 to 550 kg/m3); Tapped Bulk Density: 0.48 to 0.65 g/cm3 (480 to 650 kg/m3)
- Refractive Index (nD20) of 30.0% w/w Aqueous Solution: 1.3720 to 1.3780 at 20 °C

5. Dynamic Viscosity and Rheological Profile:
- Viscosity of 30.0% w/w Aqueous Solution at 20 °C to 25 °C: 15 to 100 mPa.s (cP), with standard Cosmetic and Oral Care grades measuring 20 to 60 mPa.s and ultra-low-viscosity grades measuring <= 30 mPa.s (Brookfield LV Viscometer, Spindle 1, 60 rpm, 25 °C). At 30% w/w in pure water, the solution is an isotropic Newtonian micellar fluid (L1 phase) that pumps easily at ambient temperatures
- Synergistic Mixed-Micelle Viscosity Response: While pure aqueous Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat shows modest viscosity changes with NaCl alone, blending 12% to 20% w/w of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid with 8% to 14% w/w Cocamidopropyl Betaine 30% at pH 5.0 to 5.6 and 0.5% to 2.0% w/w NaCl triggers a dramatic sphere-to-rod and wormlike micellar transition, elevating dynamic viscosity to 4,000 to 15,000 mPa.s at 25 °C

6. pH Value, Ionization Constant (pKa), and Acid-Precipitation Threshold:
- Aqueous pH (25 °C): 7.5 to 8.5 for standard Cosmetic Grade 30.0% w/w solution and 1.0% to 10.0% w/w aqueous dilutions (some industrial preservative-free grades are stabilized at pH 8.0 to 9.5 or 9.0 to 10.0 to suppress microbial growth during bulk storage)
- Dissociation Constant (pKa) at 25 °C: Intrinsic monomeric pKa of conjugate acid N-lauroylsarcosine = 3.60; apparent micellar pKa in 1% to 5% w/w surfactant solutions = 4.00 to 4.20
- Clear Solubility pH Window: pH 4.5 to 11.0 in mixed surfactant systems; pH 4.8 to 10.5 in neat binary aqueous solution. Below pH 4.0 to 4.2, protonation of the carboxylate headgroup exceeds the micellar solubilization limit of free N-lauroylsarcosine acid, resulting in milky turbidity at pH 4.0 to 4.3 and phase separation of white waxy/oily free N-lauroylsarcosine acid below pH 3.5

7. Thermal Phase Transitions (Melting Point, Freezing Point, Krafft Point, and Decomposition):
- Melting Point of Anhydrous Solid (CAS 137-16-6): 140 °C to 146 °C (capillary melting / DSC endothermic fusion peak; preceded by a solid-solid polymorphic transition near 125 °C to 135 °C); Conjugate Free Acid N-Lauroylsarcosine (CAS 97-78-9) melts at 45 °C to 47 °C
- Freezing / Crystallization Point of 30.0% w/w Liquid Solution: -2.0 °C to +2.0 °C (reversible crystallization of hydrated surfactant phase below 0 °C)
- Krafft Temperature (Krafft Point, Tk) in Water: < 0 °C to +4.5 °C at 1.0% w/w active concentration (allowing cold-water detergency and crystal-clear formulation down to refrigerator temperatures, in contrast to sodium palmitoyl/stearoyl sarcosinates or sodium lauroyl glycinate)
- Boiling Point at 101.3 kPa: 100.0 °C to 102.0 °C for the 30.0% w/w aqueous solution; Not Applicable for the anhydrous ionic salt
- Thermal Decomposition Temperature (TGA): Onset of thermal degradation occurs at 215 °C to 245 °C under nitrogen/air, involving decarboxylation and cleavage of the tertiary N-methylamide bond
- Flash Point: Not Applicable (non-flammable aqueous solution) for the 30.0% w/w liquid grade; > 150 °C (open cup) for the anhydrous solid

8. Interfacial Chemistry, Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), Surface Tension, and HLB:
- Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) at 25 °C: In pure deionized water (pH 7.5–8.0, zero added salt), CMC = 12.0 to 14.6 mmol/L (mM), equivalent to 3.52 to 4.28 g/L or 0.352% to 0.428% w/w active C15H28NNaO3. In 0.05 M NaCl at 25 °C, CMC drops to ~4.8 mM (1.41 g/L); in 0.10 M NaCl at 25 °C, CMC drops to ~2.6 mM (0.76 g/L); at mildly acidic pH 5.5 in the presence of amphoteric betaines, the mixed CMC falls below 0.3 to 0.8 mM (0.09 to 0.23 g/L)
- Equilibrium Surface Tension at CMC (gamma_CMC, 25 °C): 29.0 to 31.5 mN/m (dyn/cm) in neutral deionized water at 0.4% to 1.0% w/w active; decreases further to 25.5 to 27.5 mN/m at pH 5.2 to 5.6 due to synergistic packing of hydrogen-bonded sarcosine-sarcosinate acid-soap dimers at the air-water interface
- Minimum Area per Molecule at Air-Water Interface (A_min): 0.48 to 0.56 nm2 (48 to 56 Square Angstroms) at 25 °C, with maximum surface excess concentration (Gamma_max) of 3.0 x 10^-6 to 3.4 x 10^-6 mol/m2
- Micellar Aggregation Number (N_agg) and Hydrodynamic Radius (Rh): N_agg = 42 to 58 monomers per spherical micelle near the CMC in water at 25 °C; hydrodynamic diameter = 3.2 to 4.0 nm
- Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB): Calculated Davies HLB = 29.6 (based on group numbers: -COONa = +19.1, tertiary amide -CON(CH3)- = +20.2, 12 aliphatic carbon groups = 12 x (-0.475) = -5.7, plus +7.0 base = ~29.6 to 30.6); empirical functional HLB = 18 to 20 (water-soluble O/W solubilizer and high-foaming detergent)
- Ross-Miles Foam Height (ASTM D1173 / ISO 696, 25 °C, 150 ppm CaCO3 water hardness, 0.20% w/w active): Initial flash foam height (t = 0 min) = 170 to 195 mm; 5-minute foam height (t = 5 min) = 160 to 185 mm (foam stability retention > 93%). Even in hard water up to 300 ppm CaCO3 and in the presence of synthetic sebum load, foam retention exceeds 85%
- Draves Wetting Time (ASTM D2281, 25 °C, 0.10% w/w active): 12 to 22 seconds on unbleached cotton skein

9. Solubility and Partitioning Profile:
- Aqueous Solubility at 25 °C: >= 350 to 420 g/L (35% to 42% w/w) in water, forming clear isotropic solutions up to ~32%–35% w/w and lyotropic hexagonal liquid crystalline gels at 40% to 55% w/w
- Organic Cosolvent Solubility: Soluble in methanol, ethanol (up to 10%–20% w/w), aqueous isopropanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, and glycerin-water mixtures; insoluble in non-polar mineral oil, liquid paraffin, vegetable triglycerides, hexane, and diethyl ether
- Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Log Kow / Log Pow): -0.80 to +0.37 at 20 °C and pH 7.0 (ECHA REACH registered guideline value = 0.37 at 20 °C), demonstrating high aqueous affinity and negligible bioaccumulation potential (BCF < 3.2 L/kg)

10. Purity Thresholds, Byproduct Limits, Heavy Metals, and Microbiological Specifications:
- Free Fatty Acid / Sodium Laurate Content: <= 0.5% to 1.5% w/w in 30% Liquid Grade (<= 1.0% to 2.0% w/w in 95% Powder Grade). Strict control of free sodium laurate is critical: excess sodium laurate raises the Krafft point, causes cold-storage haziness, and forms insoluble calcium laurate soap scum in hard water
- Inorganic Salt / Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Content: <= 0.20% to 1.0% w/w in 30% Liquid Grade (premium Ataman Kimya low-salt liquid grade <= 0.20% w/w NaCl; standard cosmetic grades <= 0.50% to 1.0% w/w; 95% Powder Grade <= 1.0% to 1.5% w/w)
- Free Unreacted Sodium Sarcosinate: <= 0.3% to 0.5% w/w
- N-Nitrosamine Content (specifically N-Nitrososarcosine, NSAR): Not Detected (< 10 to 50 ppb / ug/kg limit of quantification), guaranteed by nitrite-free raw materials and absence of nitrosating agents during Schotten-Baumann synthesis
- 1,4-Dioxane and Ethylene Oxide: 0.0 ppm (100% ethoxylate-free synthetic route)
- Heavy Metals: Total Heavy Metals (as Pb) <= 10 ppm (mg/kg); Lead (Pb) <= 2 to 5 ppm; Arsenic (As) <= 1 to 2 ppm; Mercury (Hg) <= 1 ppm; Cadmium (Cd) <= 1 ppm; Iron (Fe) <= 5 to 10 ppm
- Molecular Biology Grade Specific Guarantees (for >= 97%–99% Anhydrous Powder): DNase, RNase, and Protease activity: None Detected; UV Absorbance (A260 nm and A280 nm of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution, 1 cm pathlength): <= 0.05 to 0.10 AU
- Microbiological Purity (ISO 21149 / ISO 16212 / USP <61>/<62>): Total Aerobic Mesophilic Plate Count <= 100 CFU/g (industrial max <= 1,000 CFU/g); Yeasts and Molds <= 10 to 100 CFU/g; Specified Pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Salmonella spp.): Absent in 1 g / 10 g

INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND SCHOTTEN-BAUMANN SYNTHESIS

The industrial production of high-purity Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6) is carried out via a tightly controlled, solvent-free aqueous Schotten-Baumann condensation reaction between distilled plant-derived lauroyl chloride (dodecanoyl chloride, C11H23COCl) and an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium sarcosinate (CH3-NH-CH2-COONa). This clean, green-chemistry synthetic pathway requires no volatile organic solvents (such as benzene, toluene, or acetone), avoids ethylene oxide ethoxylation, prevents nitrosamine generation, and yields a biomimetic amphiphilic molecule composed exclusively of a natural C12 fatty acyl chain and an amino acid headgroup.

Stage 1 — Renewable Lauric Acid Fractionation and Lauroyl Chloride Synthesis:
Crude coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) or palm kernel oil (Elaeis guineensis), both of which naturally contain 45% to 53% C12 lauric acid, is hydrolyzed (split) with high-pressure steam or transesterified and fractionally distilled under high vacuum in multi-stage stainless-steel fractionation columns to isolate pure C12 dodecanoic acid (lauric acid, CAS 143-07-7, chain-length purity >= 99.0% C12, iodine value <= 0.2 g I2/100 g). The molten fractionated lauric acid is then chlorinated at 45 °C to 65 °C using phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), thionyl chloride (SOCl2), or phosgene under strictly anhydrous conditions:
3 CH3(CH2)10COOH + PCl3 -> 3 CH3(CH2)10COCl + H3PO3
After settling and separating the lower phosphorous acid (H3PO3) byproduct phase, the crude acyl chloride is stripped under reduced pressure with dry nitrogen sparging to remove residual dissolved hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas and vacuum-distilled to yield water-white lauroyl chloride (CAS 112-16-3, assay >= 99.0%, free lauric acid <= 0.3%).

Stage 2 — Aqueous Sodium Sarcosinate Precursor Preparation:
In parallel, high-purity aqueous sodium sarcosinate (CAS 4316-73-8, CH3-NH-CH2-COONa) is synthesized via one of two industrial routes: (a) the clean catalytic amination/dehydrogenation of monoethanolamine and methylamine or glycolonitrile and methylamine over a copper-raney nickel catalyst in aqueous sodium hydroxide, or (b) the Strecker condensation of aqueous methylamine, formaldehyde, and hydrogen cyanide / sodium cyanide to form methylaminoacetonitrile, followed by complete alkaline saponification with NaOH and steam-stripping of evolved ammonia until residual NH3 is < 10 ppm. The resulting aqueous sodium sarcosinate solution (typically 35% to 45% w/w) is treated with activated carbon and filtered.

Stage 3 — Controlled Schotten-Baumann Acylation in Aqueous Medium:
Aqueous sodium sarcosinate solution (charged at a slight 1.02:1 to 1.05:1 molar stoichiometry relative to lauroyl chloride to ensure complete consumption of the acyl chloride and minimize hydrolysis to sodium laurate) is loaded into a jacketed 316L stainless-steel or glass-lined stirred tank reactor equipped with high-shear subsurface rotor-stator or dual-impeller mixing, calibrated glass pH electrodes, and chilled-water cooling coils. Distilled lauroyl chloride and a 25% to 32% w/w aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution are metered simultaneously into the well-agitated aqueous phase over 2.0 to 4.5 hours:
CH3(CH2)10COCl + CH3-NH-CH2-COONa + NaOH -> CH3(CH2)10-C(=O)-N(CH3)-CH2-COONa + NaCl + H2O (Delta H = -95 to -110 kJ/mol)
During the entire Schotten-Baumann condensation, two process parameters must be controlled within narrow tolerances to achieve premium cosmetic quality:

- Reaction pH Control (pH 9.8 to 10.8): The pKa of the secondary amine group (-NH(CH3)-) of sodium sarcosinate is approximately 10.1 at 25 °C. Only the unprotonated free secondary amine pair (CH3-NH-CH2-COO-) acts as an active nucleophile toward the carbonyl carbon of lauroyl chloride. If the reactor pH drops below 9.2, a large fraction of sarcosinate becomes protonated to the non-nucleophilic zwitterion (CH3-NH2+-CH2-COO-), slowing acylation and allowing bulk water to hydrolyze lauroyl chloride into undesirable free lauric acid / sodium laurate soap. Conversely, if the reactor pH rises above 11.5, high concentrations of hydroxide ions (OH-) attack lauroyl chloride directly via competing alkaline hydrolysis (R-COCl + 2 NaOH -> R-COONa + NaCl + H2O), again spiking the sodium laurate impurity above the 1.0%–1.5% specification limit.
- Reaction Temperature Control (20 °C to 45 °C): Because acylation is strongly exothermic, chilled water is circulated through the reactor jacket to hold the batch at 20 °C to 35 °C during the first 80% of lauroyl chloride addition, and then ramped to 40 °C to 50 °C during the final 20% addition and a 60-minute post-reaction digestion hold to guarantee zero residual acyl chloride.

Desalting Purification (Acid-Split Washing) vs. Direct Liquid Standardization:
- Standard 30.0% w/w Liquid Route: In direct aqueous processes or following membrane nanofiltration / electrodialysis desalting, the batch pH is adjusted to 7.5–8.5 (or 9.0–10.0 for high-pH unpreserved grades), diluted with deionized water to exactly 29.0%–31.0% w/w active Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, decolorized through activated carbon beds, and sterile-filtered through 0.22-micron or 0.45-micron cartridge filters into sanitized HDPE drums or IBC totes.
- Ultra-Low-Salt (< 0.2% NaCl) Liquid & 95% Anhydrous Powder Route: To remove the stoichiometric sodium chloride (NaCl) formed during the Schotten-Baumann reaction, the crude aqueous reaction mass is acidified to pH 1.5 to 2.5 at 55 °C to 65 °C using sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. Because free N-lauroylsarcosine acid (C15H29NO3, melting point 45–47 °C) is insoluble in acidic brine, the mixture cleanly separates into two liquid layers: an upper molten organic phase of purified N-lauroylsarcosine acid and a lower aqueous Raffinate layer containing dissolved NaCl, unreacted sarcosine, and trace mineral salts. After draining the lower brine layer and washing the molten organic acid phase twice with warm deionized water, the purified N-lauroylsarcosine acid is neutralized with stoichiometric high-purity aqueous sodium hydroxide to pH 7.5–8.5. Diluting with deionized water yields ultra-low-chloride Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid (NaCl <= 0.2% w/w), whereas vacuum drum drying, spray drying, or alcohol crystallization followed by nitrogen-sweep drying produces free-flowing 94% to 99% Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder.

PERSONAL CARE, COSMETIC AND DERMATOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

In the global personal care, dermo-cosmetic, and toiletries industry, INCI SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE is universally acclaimed as a foundational primary and secondary anionic surfactant for sulfate-free, paraben-free, PEG-free, and microbiome-friendly cleansing architectures. Because Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate unites the rapid flash foaming and sebum-cutting efficiency of traditional alkyl sulfates with the skin-barrier mildness of natural amino acids, formulators incorporate it across rinse-off and select leave-on products at typical active levels of 1.0% to 15.0% w/w (corresponding to 3.3% to 50.0% w/w of commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid). Below is a detailed breakdown of its cosmetic applications, mechanisms, and formulation guidelines:

Sulfate-Free Shampoos, Scalp Therapy Washes, and Color-Protection Hair Care:
In modern sulfate-free shampoos—including daily moisturizing shampoos, salon color-care shampoos, keratin-treated hair washes, curly-hair low-poo cleansers, and anti-dandruff scalp treatments (containing piroctone olamine, climbazole, salicylic acid, or zinc pyrithione)—Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate is dosed at 10.0% to 25.0% w/w of the 30% liquid grade (3.0% to 7.5% w/w active C15H28NNaO3) as the primary foaming engine. It delivers four distinct trichological benefits over sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), and sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate:
- Cuticle Preservation and Oxidative Hair-Dye Retention: Strong sulfates penetrate and swell the endocuticle and cell membrane complex (CMC) of human hair, accelerating the leaching of oxidative permanent and semi-permanent dye molecules during washing. Because Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt operates optimally at pH 5.0 to 5.5 (near the isoelectric point of hair keratin, pH ~3.67 to 5.0) and exhibits low keratin swelling, repeated washing with Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate shampoos reduces red and brown hair-color fade by 30% to 50% compared to SLES/CAPB controls.
- Substantive Conditioning on Damaged Hair Keratin: Bleached, permed, relaxed, or UV-damaged hair fibers carry exposed cysteic acid and protonated amino sites. Below pH 6.0, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat adsorbs substantively onto damaged hair cuticles via combined hydrogen-bonding (through the N-methylamide carbonyl) and electrostatic interactions, smoothing cuticle scales, reducing wet and dry combing forces by 25% to 40%, diminishing static flyaway, and imparting measurable body, suppleness, and gloss.
- High-Efficiency Coacervation with Cationic Conditioning Polymers: In 2-in-1 conditioning shampoos, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate forms structured, uniform dilution-deposition coacervates (Flocculation/Lochhead effect) with cationic guar (Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride), Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-22, and amodimethicone microemulsions. Upon dilution with rinse water during showering, the sarcosinate-polyquaternium coacervate phase separates cleanly onto the hair shaft to deposit silicone and conditioning lipids without build-up or greasiness.
- Sebum-Resistant Flash Foam: Sebum triglycerides, squalene, and free fatty acids rapidly collapse the foam of acyl glutamates and alkyl polyglucosides during the first shampoo wash. Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate emulsifies scalp sebum into stable mixed micelles while preserving dense, creamy lather throughout rinsing.

Gentle Facial Cleansers, Foaming Gel Washes, Micellar Waters, and Pump-Foamer Bottles:
Facial skin features a thinner stratum corneum (10 to 15 corneocyte layers vs. 20 to 30 on the body) and higher susceptibility to surfactant penetration, tight after-feel, and erythema. In clear facial cleansing gels, salicylic acid (0.5% to 2.0% BHA) acne washes, alpha-hydroxy acid (glycolic/lactic acid) exfoliating cleansers, micellar foaming waters, and non-aerosol mechanical pump-foamer dispensers, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid is formulated at 4.0% to 18.0% w/w (1.2% to 5.4% w/w active):
- Preservation of Intercellular Stratum Corneum Lipids: Unlike SLS or alkaline potassium cocoate / sodium lauroyl glycinate soaps (which extract cholesterol, ceramides, and free fatty acids from the epidermal lipid lamellae and spike skin surface pH above 7.5), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate formulated at pH 5.0 to 5.5 leaves the acid mantle intact, minimizes transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and avoids the tight, dry post-wash drag associated with alkaline cleansers.
- Ideal Low Viscosity and Surface Tension for Mechanical Pump Foamers: Non-aerosol squeeze and spring-loaded mesh pump foamers require an ultra-clear liquid with a dynamic viscosity below 15 to 30 mPa.s and fast dynamic surface tension reduction so that passing the liquid through dual nylon meshes generates a rich, self-supporting cream mousse. Blending 6.0% to 12.0% w/w Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid with 4.0% to 8.0% w/w Coco-Glucoside or Lauramidopropyl Betaine, 3.0% to 5.0% w/w Glycerin or Sodium Lactate, and water at pH 5.3 produces an instant, velvety micro-bubble pump mousse that holds its peak for over 5 minutes.
- Micellar Cleansing Waters and Makeup Removers: At low active levels of 0.15% to 0.60% w/w (0.5% to 2.0% of the 30% liquid grade) combined with nonionic solubilizers (Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate, Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate, or PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides) and humectants, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt accelerates the solubilization of waterproof mascara, long-wear silicone foundations, and UV sunscreens.

Baby Shampoos, Tear-Free Pediatric Washes, Intimate Hygiene, and Atopic Skin Cleansers:
In tear-free baby bath washes, neonatal cleansers, feminine intimate hygiene washes (formulated at pH 4.5 to 5.0 with lactic acid), and dermatological syndet washes for rosacea-prone or atopic dermatitis patients, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate serves as a mildness-enhancing co-surfactant (2.0% to 10.0% w/w of 30% liquid) alongside Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, and Decyl Glucoside. Incorporating Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt into anionic or amphoteric systems lowers the free monomer concentration of co-surfactants, reduces Zein protein denaturation by 50% to 75%, and achieves non-irritating scores in Red Blood Cell (RBC) hemolysis and Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) ocular mildness assays.

Luxury Body Washes, Bubble Baths, Shaving Foams, and Waterless / Syndet Bar Formats:
- Shower Gels and Cream Body Washes: Dosed at 12.0% to 25.0% w/w of the 30% liquid grade with Cocamidopropyl Betaine (8.0% to 14.0% w/w) and glycol distearate pearlizers or natural oils, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat imparts a cushiony, silky skin feel and easy rinsability even in hard water.
- Aerosol and Brush Shaving Foams / Shaving Gels: In wet-shaving preparations (1.5% to 5.0% w/w active), Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate generates a dense, high-yield, lubricating lather that softens beard hair keratin, reduces blade friction against the epidermis, and—thanks to its intrinsic metal-chelating amido-carboxylate group—inhibits internal corrosion of tinplate and aluminum aerosol cans.
- Waterless Cleansing Powders, Enzyme Exfoliants, and Syndet Bars: In water-activated facial cleansing powders (blended with rice starch, kaolin clay, mannitol, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and papain/bromelain proteolytic enzymes) and extruded syndet bars, Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder (used at 3.0% to 15.0% w/w) dissolves instantly upon contact with wet hands to generate explosive flash foam without exposing moisture-sensitive enzymes or vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to water during shelf storage.

Practical Formulation Engineering Guide — Building Viscosity and Controlling pH in Sulfate-Free Systems:
To achieve optimal rheological stability and optical clarity when formulating with Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid, cosmetic chemists apply three proven formulation rules:
Rule A (The pH 5.0–5.6 Viscosity Sweet Spot): In a binary or ternary surfactant base containing 15.0% w/w Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid (4.5% active) + 12.0% w/w Cocamidopropyl Betaine 30% Liquid (3.6% active) in water, the unadjusted mixture at pH 7.5 has a water-thin viscosity of < 50 mPa.s. As 20% w/w aqueous Citric Acid or Lactic Acid is slowly titrated into the batch, viscosity remains low down to pH 6.2, then rises steeply between pH 5.8 and 

reaching 4,500 to 9,500 mPa.s at pH 5.3—as partial protonation of sarcosinate and betaine induces entangled wormlike micelles.
- Rule B (Salt Curve Optimization): Adding 0.5% to 1.8% w/w Sodium Chloride (NaCl) shifts the wormlike micelle maximum to higher viscosities (up to 10,000–15,000 mPa.s) and broadens the temperature stability window. However, adding excess NaCl (> 2.5% to 3.0% w/w) causes micellar branching and viscosity drop (going over the top of the salt curve). Always run a 5-point salt-curve ladder (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% NaCl) at the final target pH (e.g., pH 

after adding fragrance and preservative.
- Rule C (Fragrance Solubilization and Cold-Weather Clarity): Because the C12 lauroyl tail and N-methylamide headgroup form compact micelles, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate self-solubilizes 0.2% to 0.6% w/w of many essential oils and fragrances directly when pre-mixed with Cocamidopropyl Betaine or Lauryl Glucoside, reducing or eliminating the need for PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil or Polysorbate 20. To prevent clouding below 5 °C in acidic formulas (pH < 5.0), include 1.0% to 3.0% w/w Propylene Glycol, Dipropylene Glycol, Glycerin, or Coco-Glucoside as a hydrotropic crystallization inhibitor.

ORAL CARE, DENTIFRICE AND MOUTH RINSE APPLICATIONS

High-purity Oral Care Grade Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate—particularly the >= 95% anhydrous white powder (low free laurate, low chloride) and specialized oral-grade 30% aqueous solutions—has over seven decades of clinical, toxicological, and commercial heritage as a premier foaming surfactant, biofilm dispersant, and anti-glycolytic enamel protector in toothpastes, tooth powders, chewable dentifrice tablets, mouthwashes, and orthodontic appliance cleansers. Typical incorporation levels in finished oral care products range from 0.5% to 2.5% w/w active C15H28NNaO3 in toothpastes and gels, and 0.10% to 0.50% w/w active in alcohol-free and hydroalcoholic mouth rinses:

Clinical Mucosal Mildness and Elimination of SLS-Induced Oral Ulceration:
Conventional Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS, typically used at 1.0% to 2.0% w/w in standard toothpastes) strongly denatures mucin glycoproteins in the protective salivary pellicle, penetrates the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the buccal and labial mucosa, widens intercellular tight junctions, and causes epithelial desquamation (oral mucosal sloughing) and painful recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) in sensitive individuals. Furthermore, SLS binds to lingual taste-bud phospholipids, suppressing sweet taste receptors and exposing bitter receptor pathways—the well-known phenomenon that makes orange juice taste intensely bitter after brushing teeth. Replacing SLS partially or completely with Oral Care Grade Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate generates abundant, fine-textured, velvety intraoral foam that rapidly wets interproximal tooth surfaces and emulsifies hydrophobic flavor oils (l-menthol, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, eucalyptol, thymol, methyl salicylate, and trans-anethole) without denaturing salivary mucins, irritating gingival tissues, triggering aphthous ulcers, or distorting post-brushing citrus flavor perception.

Substantive Enamel Adsorption and Bacteriostatic Inhibition of Cariogenic Glycolysis:
Unlike ordinary sulfate or sulfonate surfactants that rinse completely off tooth surfaces within seconds of expectoration, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt exhibits a unique biochemical mechanism discovered in landmark dental caries studies (including the classic Fosdick hexokinase inhibition research): the amido-carboxylate headgroup (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-CH2-COO-) chelates electrostatically to calcium sites on hydroxyapatite tooth enamel (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and binds substantively to proteins in the acquired dental pellicle and dental plaque matrix. Once retained on the tooth surface, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat penetrates cariogenic oral bacteria—most notably Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and acidogenic Lactobacillus species—and inhibits key intracellular glycolytic enzymes, specifically hexokinase and aldolase. By blocking the bacterial Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathway, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate prevents oral bacteria from fermenting dietary sucrose, glucose, and fructose into lactic, acetic, and formic acids, keeping dental plaque pH above the critical hydroxyapatite demineralization threshold (pH 5.5) for several hours after brushing.

Broad Compatibility with Fluoride Actives, Abrasives, Desensitizers, and Oral Antiseptics:
Formulating complex multi-benefit toothpastes requires a surfactant that does not deactivate therapeutic ions or precipitate with mineral abrasives:
- Fluoride Bioavailability: Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate is 100% compatible with Sodium Fluoride (NaF, 1,000 to 1,450 ppm F-), Sodium Monofluorophosphate (SMFP, Na2PO3F), and Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) systems, preserving soluble ionic fluoride availability and enhancing fluoride uptake into incipient enamel lesions.
- Dental Abrasive Systems: Exhibits high stability in hydrated silica (dental xerogels and precipitants), calcium carbonate (chalk), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), calcium pyrophosphate, alumina, and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) toothpaste bases, as well as low-water humectant vehicles based on sorbitol, vegetable glycerin, xylitol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400 / PEG-1450).
- Tartar-Control, Desensitizing, and Antiseptic Actives: Compatible with tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, zinc citrate, potassium nitrate (5% w/w KNO3 for dentinal hypersensitivity), nano-hydroxyapatite, chlorhexidine (at controlled stoichiometry), and essential-oil or quaternary ammonium mouthwash systems.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMICAL CELL LYSIS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Beyond personal care and oral hygiene, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6) is an indispensable specialty chemical across molecular biology, biopharmaceutical downstream processing, metalworking and corrosion inhibition, household, institutional, and industrial (HI&I) cleaning, textile and leather processing, emulsion polymerization, and agrochemical formulation:

Molecular Biology, Cell Lysis, Nucleic Acid Extraction, and Membrane Protein Solubilization:
In biochemistry, molecular diagnostics, viral RNA/DNA extraction kits, and biopharmaceutical manufacturing, high-purity anhydrous N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt (>= 97.0% to 99.0% assay, DNase/RNase/Protease-free) is universally utilized at concentrations of 0.1% to 2.0% w/v (up to 10% to 20% w/v in concentrated stock lysis buffers). It provides five critical biochemical advantages over Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS):
- Complete Solubility in High-Salt Chaotropic Buffers and Potassium Ions: In the gold-standard Chomczynski-Sacchi single-step acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform RNA extraction method and modern silica spin-column or magnetic-bead viral/genomic extraction kits, cell lysis buffers contain 4.0 M to 6.0 M guanidinium thiocyanate or guanidine hydrochloride alongside sodium citrate and beta-mercaptoethanol. Standard SDS is completely incompatible with these buffers because SDS precipitates immediately in the presence of guanidinium ions, potassium ions (K+, which forms water-insoluble potassium dodecyl sulfate, KDS), rubidium ions, or divalent cations. By contrast, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate remains 100% soluble and optically clear in 4 M to 6 M guanidinium thiocyanate, concentrated potassium chloride/acetate buffers, and high-ionic-strength media.

- Cold-Temperature Lysis Buffer Stability (4 °C Workflows): Whereas SDS has a Krafft point near 15 °C to 18 °C in water (and higher in salt buffers), causing SDS stock solutions and lysis buffers to crystallize out of solution on ice or inside 4 °C cold rooms, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt has a Krafft point below 0 °C to +5 °C, remaining completely liquid and active during refrigerated protein purification and automated liquid-handling workflows.

- Rapid Cell Membrane Lysis and Nucleoprotein / RNase Inactivation: At 0.2% to 1.0% w/v, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate rapidly disrupts mammalian, plant, yeast, bacterial, and enveloped viral lipid bilayers, dissociates histone and ribosomal proteins from genomic DNA and total RNA, and synergizes with guanidinium salts and proteinase K to irreversibly denature endogenous ribonucleases (RNases) and deoxyribonucleases (DNases).

- Selective Bacterial Outer-Membrane Solubilization (Filip Assay) and Inclusion-Body Refolding: In Gram-negative bacteriology (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas), 0.5% to 2.0% w/v Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate selectively solubilizes the cytoplasmic inner membrane while leaving the outer membrane porin-lipopolysaccharide complex intact, enabling rapid clean separation of inner and outer bacterial membrane proteomes by ultracentrifugation. In recombinant protein production, 0.5% to 3.0% w/v Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate efficiently solubilizes aggregated recombinant proteins from E. coli inclusion bodies under milder conditions than 8 M urea, allowing subsequent protein refolding into native bioactive conformations upon dilution or cyclodextrin/amberlite detergent removal.

- Biopharmaceutical Viral Inactivation (Solvent/Detergent Processes): Used as a cleared, biodegradable anionic detergent step to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses in downstream bioprocessing of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant biologics.

Metalworking Fluids, Hydraulic Systems, and Ferrous/Non-Ferrous Corrosion Inhibition:
In metalworking, machining, and surface engineering, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat (used at 0.15% to 2.5% w/w active, often neutralized in situ or paired with alkanolamines such as triethanolamine or monoethanolamine) functions as a high-efficiency ashless rust and corrosion inhibitor, boundary lubricant, and emulsifying detergent:
- Chelation-Driven Chemisorption on Metal Oxide Surfaces: The sarcosinate headgroup contains both a carbonyl oxygen (-C=O) and a carboxylate anion (-COO-) separated by a three-atom bridge (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-CH2-COO-), allowing it to form stable five- or six-membered bidentate surface chelate rings with exposed Fe2+/Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ cations on oxidized metal surfaces. Simultaneously, the tightly packed C12 lauroyl hydrocarbon chains orient perpendicularly away from the metal surface, creating a hydrophobic monomolecular barrier film that blocks dissolved oxygen, water, and corrosive chloride or sulfate ions from reaching the metal substrate.
- Industrial Applications: Synthetic and semi-synthetic water-miscible metal cutting and grinding fluids, wire-drawing lubricants, hydraulic transmission fluids (HFA/HFC), aqueous alkaline industrial parts washers, vibratory deburring compounds, automotive radiator antifreeze coolants, and temporary inter-operational flash-rust preventatives for cast iron, carbon steel, galvanized steel, and aluminum alloys.

Dry-Foam Carpet Shampoos, Upholstery Cleaners, and HI&I Hard-Surface Detergents:
In household, institutional, and industrial (HI&I) cleaning formulations, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is widely incorporated at 1.0% to 6.0% w/w active into rotary carpet shampoos, aerosol upholstery spotters, automotive interior fabric cleaners, manual dishwashing liquids, and streak-free glass and solar-panel concentrates:
- Friable Crystalline Dry-Foam Mechanism in Carpet & Rug Care: When formulated into carpet shampoos (typically combining 2% to 4% active Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate with 3% to 6% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate or Sodium Decyl Sulfate), N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt generates a rich, stiff, low-moisture 'dry foam' that wets carpet fibers without soaking the backing pad. As the water evaporates, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate and encapsulated particulate dirt crystallize into brittle, non-tacky powder aggregates (due to the 140–146 °C melting point of anhydrous sarcosinate crystals) that are effortlessly vacuumed away, preventing sticky surfactant residues that attract rapid resoiling.
- Chlorine Hypochlorite & Peroxide Stability: Unlike primary amine or unsaturated surfactants that degrade rapidly in oxidizing cleaners, the saturated C12 chain and tertiary N-methylamide linkage of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate exhibit good stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, and moderate alkaline hypochlorite bleach cleaners.

Textile Processing, Leather Degreasing, Emulsion Polymerization, and Agrochemical Adjuvants:
- Textile Scouring, Wetting, and Dye Leveling: Dosed at 0.2% to 1.5% w/w in cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber preparation baths, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate acts as a low-irritation wetting agent, kier-boiling assistant, and dye-leveling dispersant that prevents lime-soap deposition in hard water and imparts a soft hand to protein fibers.
- Leather Soaking and Degreasing: Emulsifies natural skin triglycerides and waxes during beamhouse soaking and bating while remaining gentle on collagen fiber bundles.
- Emulsion Polymerization and Latex Stabilization: Used at 0.5% to 3.0% w/w on monomer weight in the free-radical emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, styrene-acrylics, vinyl acetate, and styrene-butadiene latices, providing fine particle-size control (80 to 180 nm), high mechanical shear stability, and freeze-thaw resistance for architectural paints, paper coatings, and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
- Agrochemical Tank-Mix & In-Can Adjuvants: Incorporated into soluble liquid (SL), suspension concentrate (SC), and microemulsion (ME) crop protection products (such as glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, and systemic fungicides) at 1.0% to 8.0% w/w to lower spray droplet dynamic surface tension, reduce leaf contact angle on waxy cuticles, and accelerate foliar uptake without the aquatic toxicity of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) or tallowamine ethoxylates.

TECHNICAL COMPARISON WITH COMPETING ANIONIC AND AMINO ACID SURFACTANTS

To assist R&D chemists, cosmetic formulators, and procurement specialists in selecting the optimal surfactant architecture, the following technical comparison evaluates Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6) against seven major competing anionic and amphoteric surfactant classes across molecular structure, pH working window, foaming kinetics, viscosity building, ocular/dermal mildness, and purity profile:

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS, CAS 151-21-3) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES, CAS 68891-38-3):
- Chemical & Impurity Distinction: SLS (CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na) is an alkyl sulfate ester, and SLES (CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na) is an ethoxylated sulfate ester manufactured using ethylene oxide (which can leave trace carcinogenic 1,4-dioxane contaminant unless vacuum-stripped). Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COONa) is an ethoxylate-free, sulfate-free amino acid derivative containing 0.0 ppm 1,4-dioxane.
- Dermatological & Hair-Care Performance: SLS has a small, high-charge-density sulfate headgroup that penetrates the stratum corneum, binds avidly to keratin (Zein score ~400 to 600 mg N/100 mL), strips intercellular ceramides, swells hair cuticles, and causes oral mucosal sloughing in toothpaste. Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate has a bulky amido-carboxylate headgroup that exhibits 65% to 85% lower Zein protein denaturation, preserves skin barrier function, reduces oxidative hair-dye washout, and produces a denser, creamier micro-bubble foam than the coarse, open-bubble lather of SLS.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium Lauroyl Glycinate (CAS 90387-74-9) and Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate (CAS 90387-76-1):
- Structural Root Cause: Unmethylated acyl glycinates (R-CONH-CH2-COONa) carry a secondary amide proton (-NH-) that forms strong intermolecular N-H...O=C hydrogen bonds, whereas Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate carries a tertiary N-methylamide (-CON(CH3)-CH2-COONa) with zero amide N-H donors.
- Practical Formulation Impact: Because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, Sodium Lauroyl Glycinate has a high apparent pKa (~5.0 to 5.4) and a high Krafft temperature, causing it to precipitate or lose foaming power below pH 6.0; consequently, acyl glycinates are largely confined to neutral or mildly alkaline cleansers (pH 6.8 to 8.5) where they impart a squeaky-clean, soap-like rinse feel. By contrast, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt has a low pKa (~3.6 to 4.2) and a Krafft point below 5 °C, remaining crystal-clear and achieving peak flash foam and viscosity directly at skin-physiological mildly acidic pH 4.8 to 5.8 while leaving a soft, conditioned after-feel.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate (CAS 29923-31-7) and Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate (CAS 68187-30-4):
- Foaming & Rheology Comparison: Acyl glutamates are dicarboxylic amino acid surfactants (derived from L-glutamic acid) prized for ultra-mildness, but their bulky twin carboxylate headgroups (-CH(COONa)-CH2-CH2-COONa) prevent tight interfacial packing and resist wormlike micelle entanglement. As a result, acyl glutamates generate noticeably lower flash foam volume, collapse more easily under sebum load, and cannot be thickened with simple sodium chloride and cocamidopropyl betaine—requiring expensive polymeric thickeners (such as PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, xanthan gum, or acrylates copolymers). Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat delivers 30% to 50% higher initial flash foam height (170–195 mm Ross-Miles) and builds crystal-clear viscosity (4,000–12,000 mPa.s) effortlessly using standard cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.5%–1.5% NaCl.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI, CAS 61789-32-0) and Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate (SLMI, CAS 928663-45-0):
- Cold-Processability & Hydrolytic Stability: SCI (R-COO-CH2-CH2-SO3Na) is an ester-sulfonate with very low cold-water solubility (< 0.1% at 25 °C), requiring energy-intensive hot processing at 70 °C to 80 °C and yielding opaque or pearlescent cleansers, while its ester bond is susceptible to slow hydrolysis at extreme pH. Commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid is pre-dissolved, 100% cold-processable at 20 °C to 25 °C, forms water-white transparent formulations, and possesses a tertiary amide bond that resists hydrolysis across pH 4.5 to 10.0.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT, CAS 12765-39-8 / 61791-42-2):
- Salt Content & Clarity: While SMCT (R-CON(CH3)-CH2-CH2-SO3Na) shares the tertiary N-methylamide linkage and offers all-pH acid stability, commercial SMCT pastes typically contain 6% to 14% w/w sodium chloride (NaCl) from synthesis and exist as opaque white pastes that require warming to dispense. Ataman Kimya's Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid is a crystal-clear, pumpable liquid with ultra-low inorganic salt content (<= 0.2% to 1.0% NaCl), offering superior formulation flexibility and stronger conditioning substantivity at pH 5.0 to 5.5.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate vs. Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate (AOS, CAS 68439-57-6):
- Mildness & Color Protection: AOS is a strong petrochemical or oleochemical sulfonate surfactant frequently used in low-cost 'sulfate-free' shampoos, but AOS exhibits high protein denaturation (similar to SLS), strips scalp lipids, causes dryness, and responds poorly to salt thickening in certain amphoteric ratios. Replacing AOS with Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate dramatically lowers skin and eye irritation scores, improves wet combability, and provides >= 80% natural bio-based carbon content.

PACKAGING, STORAGE AND HANDLING GUIDELINES

Proper packaging selection, warehouse temperature regulation, and industrial handling procedures ensure that Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat, CAS 137-16-6) preserves its water-white APHA color, active surfactant assay, low free laurate level, and microbiological integrity from factory dispatch to final batch compounding:

Commercial Packaging Configurations Supplied by Ataman Kimya:
- Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Aqueous Liquid Solution: Packaged in 200 kg to 220 kg net high-density polyethylene (HDPE) L-ring tight-head or open-head drums (UN-certified, with 2-inch BSP and 3/4-inch vent bungs), 1,000 kg to 1,050 kg net composite Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBC totes with galvanized steel cage, HDPE blow-molded inner bottle, and 2-inch bottom butterfly discharge valve), 25 kg to 30 kg net stackable HDPE jerrycans for R&D and pilot production, and 20,000 kg to 24,000 kg insulated 316L stainless-steel bulk road tankers.
- Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 94% to 95% Anhydrous Powder / Needle Grade (and >= 97%–99% Molecular Biology Grade): Packaged in 20 kg or 25 kg net multi-wall kraft paper bags or woven polypropylene bags fitted with heat-sealed, heavy-gauge low-density polyethylene (LDPE) moisture-barrier inner liners, or in 20 kg to 25 kg net cylindrical fiberboard drums with tamper-evident lid rings and double polyethylene liner bags.

Warehouse Storage Conditions and Winter Cold-Weather Recovery Protocol:
- General Storage Environment: Store both liquid and powder grades of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate in a clean, dry, well-ventilated indoor warehouse protected from direct sunlight, rain, radiant heating elements, and incompatible strong acids, nitrosating agents (nitrites), or strong oxidizers.
- Temperature Control for 30.0% w/w Liquid Grade (10 °C to 35 °C): The recommended storage temperature for commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid is 10 °C to 30 °C (maximum 35 °C; avoid prolonged storage above 40 °C to prevent slow APHA color drift). Because the 30% aqueous solution has a freezing/crystallization onset between -2.0 °C and +2.0 °C (and trace sodium laurate hydrate can nucleate below +5 °C), drums or IBC totes exposed to winter transit below +5 °C may develop reversible cloudiness, pearlescent stratification, or a soft crystalline sediment layer at the bottom of the container.
- Mandatory Homogenization After Cold Exposure: Never pump or draw off only the upper clear liquid layer from a partially stratified cold drum or IBC tote, as the bottom crystalline phase is enriched in active Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate and trace laurate! Instead, move the container into a heated room (25 °C to 35 °C) or warm gently in a hot-air box or warm-water bath at 30 °C to 45 °C (never apply high-watt-density clamp-on electrical drum band heaters above 60 °C, which cause localized overheating and yellowing) and circulate or mix with a low-shear drum mixer for 30 to 60 minutes until the entire batch is 100% transparent and homogeneous.
- Moisture and Caking Prevention for 95% Powder Grade (5 °C to 25 °C, RH < 60%): Anhydrous Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt Powder is moderately hygroscopic. Exposure to humid ambient air (> 60% relative humidity) causes the fine powder needles to absorb moisture, form sticky particle bridges, and cake into hard lumps. Always purge partially used liner bags with dry air or nitrogen, twist and double-tie the inner PE liner immediately after scooping, store pallets on dry racking off concrete floors, and limit pallet stacking height to prevent mechanical pressure caking.

Materials of Construction and Industrial Compounding Best Practices:
- Compatible Wetted Materials: For bulk storage tanks, transfer piping, positive-displacement lobe or diaphragm pumps, and mixing vessels handling Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid or aqueous solutions of Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat, use 304 or 316L austenitic stainless steel, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), polypropylene (PP), fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), or glass-lined steel, paired with PTFE, EPDM, or Viton elastomers. Avoid unlined carbon steel, cast iron, copper, brass, bronze, and galvanized zinc, as trace Cu2+ or Fe3+ ions can leach into the alkaline solution and catalyze oxidative discoloration.
- Anti-Foaming Transfer and Agitation Protocol: Because Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate is an exceptionally powerful flash foamer (Ross-Miles foam > 180 mm), free-falling liquid discharge into the top of a mixing vessel will trap air and generate a dense head of foam that delays batch deaeration. Always transfer Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid via a dip-pipe extending below the liquid level or run the stream smoothly down the inner wall of the compounding vessel while mixing with a subsurface anchor, sweep, or low-rpm pitched-blade turbine (40 to 100 rpm) under gentle vacuum if available.
- Safe Acid Addition Protocol during pH Adjustment: When acidifying a shampoo or cleanser batch from pH 8.0 down to pH 5.0–5.5, always use a pre-diluted 10% to 25% w/w aqueous solution of Citric Acid or Lactic Acid metered slowly into a zone of active agitation. Never pour concentrated mineral acids (37% HCl, 98% H2SO4) or 50%–80% organic acid slugs rapidly into unagitated Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, because localized regions dropping below pH 3.5 will immediately precipitate sticky white curds of free N-lauroylsarcosine acid that require warming and re-alkalization to redissolve.
- Nitrosamine Prevention in Formulation: In accordance with EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and SCCS guidelines for secondary/tertiary amide raw materials, never formulate Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate alongside nitrosating agents such as sodium nitrite (NaNO2), nitrous acid salts, or bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) under acidic conditions.

Shelf Life and Re-Test Period:
When stored unopened in its original factory-sealed HDPE drums, IBC totes, or lined bags under the recommended temperature and humidity conditions, both Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid and Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder have a guaranteed shelf life of 24 months (2 years) from the date of manufacture.

FIRST AID MEASURES, TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SAFETY INFORMATION

Although finished personal care, dermatological, and oral care products containing diluted Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (INCI SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, CAS 137-16-6) are exceptionally gentle, non-sensitizing, and safe for human skin and mucosal membranes as validated by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), neat industrial raw materials—specifically the concentrated 30.0% w/w aqueous liquid and the >= 94% to 95% anhydrous powder—require strict adherence to occupational safety, dust control, and first aid protocols during manufacturing and bulk handling:

GHS / CLP Hazard Classification and Toxicological Distinction Between Physical Forms (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008):
Under ECHA REACH registration dossiers and harmonized GHS classification criteria for CAS 137-16-6, occupational hazards depend strongly on physical form (fine respirable dust/aerosol vs. aqueous solution) and concentration:

- Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder (>= 94% to 100% Solid, CAS 137-16-6): Signal Word: Danger. Hazard Statements: H330 (Fatal if inhaled as fine airborne dust or respirable aerosol mist — Acute Tox. 2, Inhalation), H315 (Causes skin irritation — Skin Irrit. 2), and H318 (Causes serious eye damage — Eye Dam. 1). Why does fine anhydrous surfactant dust carry an H330 inhalation classification while being completely safe in shampoo and toothpaste? When fine dry surfactant powder particles (aerodynamic diameter < 10 microns) or high-pressure respirable mists are inhaled deeply into the pulmonary alveoli, the concentrated amphiphilic surfactant disrupts the natural dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lung surfactant monolayer lining the alveolar sacs, causing acute pulmonary edema and respiratory distress in rodent 4-hour dust/aerosol inhalation bioassays (LC50 (4h, rat, dust/mist) ~ 0.05 to 0.50 mg/L). By contrast, oral acute toxicity is very low (LD50 Oral, rat > 5,000 mg/kg, practically non-toxic by ingestion) and dermal systemic toxicity is negligible (LD50 Dermal, rabbit/rat > 2,000 mg/kg).

- Commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Aqueous Liquid Solution: Under Specific Concentration Limits (SCL) established in REACH dossiers for aqueous solutions of Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate: at <= 34.5% w/w aqueous solution under normal non-aerosol liquid handling, the inhalation hazard (H330/H332) does not apply unless high-energy respirable mists/aerosols are generated; at 30.0% w/w active concentration, the liquid is classified for Eye Irrit. 2 (H319: Causes serious eye irritation, or Eye Dam. 1, H318 depending on supplier SCL threshold at 30%) and Skin Irrit. 2 (H315: Causes skin irritation). Below 10% w/w active concentration in water, the solution is not classified as hazardous for skin or eye irritation.

- Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, and Sensitization: Negative in bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test, OECD 471), negative in mammalian chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays (OECD 473/474), non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic (NOAEL developmental/maternal toxicity >= 250 mg/kg bw/day in rats), and non-sensitizing in Guinea Pig Maximization Tests (GPMT, OECD 406) and human repeat insult patch tests (HRIPT up to 15% active in rinse-off and 5% in leave-on formulations).

First Aid Measures for Eye Contact:
If concentrated Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid or anhydrous N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt Powder splashes or blows into the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with a gentle, continuous stream of lukewarm running water or sterile isotonic (0.9% NaCl) eyewash solution for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Hold the upper and lower eyelids wide apart with the fingers and instruct the casualty to roll their eyeballs in all directions to irrigate the entire conjunctival sac. Remove contact lenses after the first 1 to 2 minutes of flushing if present and easy to do, then continue rinsing. Do not apply neutralizing acid or alkaline drops. Obtain immediate ophthalmological medical attention.

First Aid Measures for Skin Contact:
Upon skin contact with neat Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate 30% solution or 95% powder, promptly remove contaminated work clothing, gloves, and footwear. Wash the affected skin thoroughly with copious running water for at least 10 to 15 minutes. Because the product is itself a strong surfactant, soap is not needed—simply rinse until all slippery surfactant film is removed. If dermal redness, dryness, or irritation persists, seek medical advice. Launder contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.

First Aid Measures for Inhalation (Critical for Powder Handling and Spray Mists):
If a worker inhales airborne dust from Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder or aerosol mist from spraying Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat solutions, immediately remove the person from the exposure area into fresh air and keep them warm, quiet, and at rest in a semi-upright position comfortable for breathing. Have the person rinse their mouth and blow their nose gently to clear upper-airway surfactant dust. If coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath occurs, administer supplemental oxygen via trained personnel, perform artificial respiration if breathing stops, and transport the patient immediately to a hospital emergency department for observation (as pulmonary irritation from inhaled surfactant dust can exhibit a delayed onset of several hours).

First Aid Measures for Accidental Ingestion:
If Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt liquid or powder is accidentally swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit the rinse water out, then have the conscious casualty sip 1 to 2 small glasses (150 to 250 mL) of water to dilute the surfactant in the stomach. Do NOT induce vomiting! Inducing emesis with a high-foaming surfactant carries a severe risk of foam aspiration into the trachea and bronchial tree, which can cause acute chemical pneumonitis and asphyxiation. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, keep the patient's head below hip level (or in the left lateral recovery position) to prevent aspiration, administer an oral silicone simethicone defoamer if directed by a physician, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing individual, and contact a Poison Control Center or physician immediately.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Ventilation, and Spill Containment:
- Respiratory Protection & Dust Engineering Controls: Whenever weighing, scooping, dumping, or charging Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder, always work inside a ventilated weighing booth, laminar downflow hood, or closed dust-extraction hopper with Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV). Operators handling the dry powder must wear a properly fitted EN 149 FFP2/FFP3 or NIOSH N95/N99/P100 particulate respirator (or a half-mask respirator with P3 cartridges). When pouring or pumping the 30% liquid grade at ambient temperature without aerosol generation, general room ventilation (5 to 10 air changes per hour) is sufficient.
- Eye, Hand, and Body Protection: Wear tightly fitting chemical splash goggles (EN 166) or a full face shield, chemical-resistant impervious gloves made of nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene, or PVC (EN 374, thickness >= 0.4 mm, breakthrough time > 480 minutes), long-sleeved protective coveralls, and slip-resistant safety boots.
- Spill Response & Extreme Slip Hazard Warning: Aqueous solutions of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate create an extreme slip hazard on smooth concrete, epoxy, or tile floors! Isolate the spill area immediately. For 30% liquid spills, contain and dike the liquid with inert absorbent material (vermiculite, dry sand, diatomaceous earth, or universal chemical pillows), scoop the absorbed mass into labeled HDPE waste drums, and only then wash the residual film with low-pressure water (avoid high-pressure water jets, which generate massive foam clouds). For 95% powder spills, vacuum up dry material using an industrial HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaner or dampen slightly with water mist before sweeping gently to prevent airborne dust clouds; dispose of waste in accordance with local and national environmental regulations.

REGULATORY STATUS, ECO-CERTIFICATION AND GLOBAL COMPLIANCE

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6, EC 205-281-5, INCI: SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE) enjoys comprehensive regulatory approval and positive toxicological evaluations across major international cosmetic, oral care, chemical inventory, and indirect food-contact frameworks:

European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and CosIng Database:
Listed in the European Commission CosIng inventory under INCI Name SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE (CAS 137-16-6, EC 205-281-5) with recognized functions as Antistatic, Cleansing, Emulsifying, Foaming, Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, and Viscosity Controlling agent. It is not restricted under Annex II or Annex III, subject only to standard good manufacturing practice (GMP, ISO 22716) and general secondary/tertiary fatty acid amide purity criteria (freedom from nitrosamines and avoidance of nitrosating systems).

U.S. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) and FDA Regulatory Status:
Evaluated by the U.S. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in the Safety Assessment of Acyl Sarcosines and Sarcosinates as Used in Cosmetics, which concluded that Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products (typically up to 15% active concentration) and safe in leave-on products (up to 5% active concentration) when formulated to be non-irritating and not used in products where N-nitroso compounds may be formed. Under U.S. FDA Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is cleared for indirect food-contact applications under 21 CFR 178.3130 (Antistatic and/or antifogging agents in food-packaging polymers, such as cellophane coatings at up to 0.35% w/w) and 21 CFR 177.1200 (Cellophane food-contact films), and has decades of accepted marketing in OTC fluoride dentifrices.

European REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and Global Chemical Inventories:
Fully registered under EU REACH (EC 205-281-5, CAS 137-16-6) at tonnage bands > 1,000 tonnes/year, and listed on all major global national chemical inventories: United States TSCA (Active), Canada DSL (Domestic Substances List), Australia AIIC, China IECSC and NMPA (CSAR Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China, IECIC), Japan ENCS (2-1139) and Quasi-Drug / Cosmetic Standards, South Korea KECI (KE-23612), Philippines PICCS, New Zealand NZIoC, and Taiwan TCSI.

Biodegradability, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, and Natural / Green Chemistry Standards:
- Ready Biodegradability: Achieves 82% to 91% mineralization in 28 days under OECD Test Guideline 301B (CO2 Evolution) and OECD 301E, passing the 10-day window requirement and qualifying as Readily Biodegradable under EU Detergents Regulation (EC) No 648/2004. Also undergoes primary and ultimate anaerobic biodegradation under OECD 311 (ISO 11734).
- Aquatic Toxicity & Bioaccumulation: Low aquatic hazard profile with acute fish LC50 (96h, Danio rerio) = 107 mg/L (as 30% solution, or ~32 mg/L active), Daphnia magna EC50 (48h) = 29.7 mg/L (as 30% solution, or ~8.9 mg/L active), and Desmodesmus subspicatus algae ErC50 (72h) = 79 mg/L (as 30% solution). With a low Log Kow of 0.37 and rapid microbial cleavage of the amide bond into natural sarcosine and lauric acid, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate does not bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs.
- Natural Origin Index (ISO 16128) & Green Certifications: Under ISO 16128-1 and ISO 16128-2 (Guidelines on technical definitions and criteria for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is classified as a Derived Natural Ingredient with a Natural Origin Index of 0.80 to 0.87 (based on plant-derived C12 lauric acid molecular weight contribution). Unpreserved, plant-derived grades are widely approved under Whole Foods Premium Body Care, Nordic Swan Ecolabel, EU Ecolabel (Detergent Ingredient Database, DID list), Vegan, Halal, and Kosher standards.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

What is Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6) and is it a sulfate?
No, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (also known as Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, and Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat) is 100% sulfate-free and ethoxylate-free. Although consumers occasionally confuse the words 'lauroyl' (a C12 fatty acyl radical joined via an amide bond) and 'lauryl' (seen in sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is a mild, biodegradable anionic amino acid surfactant synthesized from coconut or palm kernel oil lauric acid and the natural amino acid sarcosine (N-methylglycine). It contains zero sulfate (-OSO3-) ester groups, zero ethylene oxide units, and 0.0 ppm 1,4-dioxane.

Why does Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate foam and dissolve better at mildly acidic pH (5.0 to 5.5) than Sodium Lauroyl Glycinate or Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate?
The superior acidic-pH performance of Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate is governed by the tertiary N-methyl group attached to its amide nitrogen (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-CH2-COONa). Unlike unmethylated acyl glycinates and acyl glutamates—whose secondary amide (-NH-) protons form rigid intermolecular hydrogen-bond networks that elevate their pKa to ~5.0–5.5 and cause crystallization or foam loss below pH 6.0—Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt has no amide N-H hydrogen-bond donor. This structural feature lowers its conjugate acid pKa to ~3.60–4.20, depresses its Krafft point below 5 °C, and allows formation of viscoelastic 1:1 sarcosine-sarcosinate acid-soap dimers at the air-water interface, delivering peak micro-bubble foam volume and clarity directly at skin-physiological pH 4.8 to 5.8.

 What is the difference between Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid and Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder?
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid is a ready-to-use, water-white aqueous solution containing 29.0% to 31.0% w/w active C15H28NNaO3 with a low Newtonian viscosity of 20 to 60 mPa.s and a density of 1.030 to 1.035 g/cm3 at 20 °C, engineered for dust-free, cold-process liquid shampoos, facial cleansers, micellar waters, baby washes, and HI&I cleaners. Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder (>= 94.0% to 95.0% active C15H28NNaO3, melting point 140 °C to 146 °C) is an anhydrous crystalline solid designed for fluoride toothpastes, chewable toothpaste tablets, waterless enzyme exfoliating powders, extruded syndet bars, and molecular biology cell-lysis buffers.

How do you thicken sulfate-free shampoos and facial washes formulated with Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate?
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate exhibits an exceptional synergistic thickening response when combined with amphoteric betaine co-surfactants such as Cocamidopropyl Betaine or Lauramidopropyl Betaine at mildly acidic pH. By blending 14% to 22% w/w of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid with 8% to 14% w/w of Cocamidopropyl Betaine 30% Liquid, adjusting the batch pH to 5.0 to 5.6 using dilute (20% w/w) citric acid or lactic acid, and adding 0.5% to 1.8% w/w Sodium Chloride (NaCl), formulators induce a transition from spherical micelles to entangled wormlike micelles that builds crystal-clear viscosity to 4,000–12,000 mPa.s without synthetic carbomers or PEG thickeners.

Why does a Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate formulation turn cloudy or precipitate if acidified below pH 4.0?
The conjugate free acid of Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is N-lauroylsarcosine (CAS 97-78-9, C15H29NO3, melting point 45 °C to 47 °C), which has an apparent micellar pKa of 4.00 to 4.20 and limited water solubility in the un-ionized carboxylic acid state (-COOH). When a batch is acidified below pH 4.0 to 4.2 (or if concentrated acid is dumped rapidly into an unmixed tank), the ionized sodium carboxylate headgroups (-COONa) are protonated into insoluble free N-lauroylsarcosine acid, which separates as a milky white turbidity or oily layer. Raising the batch pH back above 4.8 to 5.2 with dilute sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or arginine immediately re-ionizes and redissolves the surfactant into a crystal-clear solution.

Why is N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt preferred over Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in molecular biology RNA and DNA extraction?
In molecular biology and diagnostic extraction kits, high-purity anhydrous N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt (>= 97% to 99% active) lyses cell membranes, strips nucleoproteins from DNA and RNA, and denatures RNases and DNases just like SDS, but with two decisive solubility advantages: whereas SDS precipitates immediately in the presence of chaotropic guanidinium salts (such as 4 M to 6 M guanidinium thiocyanate or guanidine HCl), potassium ions (K+), or cold 4 °C temperatures, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate remains 100% soluble and optically clear in concentrated chaotropic buffers, potassium-containing media, and refrigerated 4 °C workflows.

What role does Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate play in fluoride toothpastes and mouthwashes?
Dosed at 0.5% to 2.0% w/w active in dentifrices and 0.1% to 0.5% w/w in mouth rinses, Oral Care Grade Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate produces rich, velvety intraoral foam and emulsifies mint flavor oils without causing the oral mucosal sloughing, canker sore aggravation, or post-brushing orange-juice bitter taste distortion triggered by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Furthermore, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt adsorbs onto tooth enamel and dental plaque to inhibit bacterial hexokinase and aldolase enzymes, suppressing the glycolytic conversion of sugars into enamel-eroding lactic acid.

What happens if Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid freezes during winter transport, and how should it be recovered?
Commercial Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid has a freezing and crystallization onset near -2.0 °C to +2.0 °C. If exposed to sub-zero winter temperatures during transit, the drum or IBC tote may become hazy, viscous, or partially crystallized at the bottom. This phase change is 100% reversible and does not degrade the chemical: simply place the sealed container in a warm room or warm-water bath at 25 °C to 40 °C and mix gently until the entire volume returns to a completely clear, homogeneous liquid before drawing off any material.

Why does anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder require dust respiratory protection (H330) during factory handling when it is gentle in cosmetics?
Like many high-purity anionic surfactant powders, fine airborne dust particles (< 10 microns) of neat 95% Anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate Powder can reach the deep lung alveoli if inhaled without a dust mask, where concentrated surface-active molecules disrupt natural pulmonary surfactant films and irritate respiratory tissues (resulting in GHS Acute Inhalation Category 2, H330 classification for respirable dust/mist). Once dissolved in water (such as in the 30% liquid grade under non-aerosol handling or in finished shampoos, facial cleansers, and toothpastes), airborne dust cannot form, and the diluted surfactant is exceptionally mild and safe for skin and mucosal contact.

How does Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate prevent rust and corrosion in metalworking fluids and aerosol shaving cans?
The polar sarcosinate headgroup (-C(=O)-N(CH3)-CH2-COO-) acts as a bidentate chelating ligand that chemisorbs onto iron, steel, aluminum, and copper oxide surfaces, while the C12 lauroyl hydrocarbon chain projects outward to form a dense, water-repellent barrier monolayer. Adding 0.2% to 2.0% w/w active Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat to water-based metalworking coolants, hydraulic fluids, alkaline parts washers, or tinplate aerosol shaving foams prevents flash rusting, pitting corrosion, and metal staining.

TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (CAS 137-16-6, EC 205-281-5, UNII-632GS99618, C15H28NNaO3, MW 293.38 g/mol, INCI: SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE)—recognized across international chemical commerce by its principal synonyms Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt, Sodium N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycinate, Glycine, N-methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt, Lauroyl Sarcosine Sodium Salt, and Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat—stands as the benchmark mild, biodegradable anionic amino acid surfactant for modern sulfate-free personal care, oral care, biochemical, and industrial formulations. By combining a renewable plant-derived C12 lauroyl fatty acyl chain with an N-methylated sarcosine carboxylate headgroup via a clean Schotten-Baumann condensation, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate eliminates intermolecular amide hydrogen bonding, achieves a low pKa of 3.60 to 4.20 and a Krafft point below 5 °C, and delivers rich, creamy, sebum-resistant lather and effortless betaine-salt viscosity building across the skin-physiological pH 4.8 to 6.0 window where conventional soaps and unmethylated acyl glycinates fail.

Whether your manufacturing operations require crystal-clear, low-chloride Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 30% Liquid for cold-process sulfate-free shampoos, facial cleansers, micellar foaming washes, baby bath products, and HI&I detergents, or high-purity anhydrous Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 95% Powder for SLS-free fluoride toothpastes, waterless cosmetic powders, syndet bars, metalworking corrosion inhibitors, and molecular biology DNA/RNA extraction buffers, Ataman Kimya provides dependable, batch-consistent supply in HDPE drums, IBC totes, and moisture-barrier lined bags. Formulators, R&D specialists, and procurement managers looking to source Sodyum Lauroil Sarkosinat (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate / Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate) can contact Ataman Kimya directly for Technical Data Sheets (TDS), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), Certificates of Analysis (COA), regulatory dossiers, and tailored commercial quotations.

Ataman Chemicals
Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
Email: info@atamankimya.com