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Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate
Identifiers
CAS Number: 7632-04-4
10332-33-9 (monohydrate)
10486-00-7 (tetrahydrate)
CHEBI:30178
ChemSpider:4574023
ECHA InfoCard: 100.035.597
EC Number: 231-556-4
PubChem CID: 5460514
RTECS number: SC7350000
UNII: Y52BK1W96C
Y9UKD0XE6F (monohydrate)
822HSQ655R (tetrahydrate)
A white, crystalline, water-soluble solid, NaBO2⋅3H2O or NaBO3⋅4H2O, used chiefly as a bleaching agent and antiseptic.
Sodium perborate's name is sometimes abbreviated as PBS (not to be confused with phosphate-buffered saline).
Sodium perborate is commonly encountered in anhydrous form or as a hexahydrate (commonly called "monohydrate" or PBS-1 and "tetrahydrate" or PBS-4, after the early assumption that NaBO3 would be the anhydrous form).
They are both white, odorless, water-soluble solids.
Sodium perborate is widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.
Medical Definition of sodium perborate
A white crystalline hydrated powder NaBO3·4H2O used as an oral antiseptic
Sodium perborate is an activating and recharging agent for textiles—it converts carboxylate groups of polycarboxylate coatings on cellulose into peroxocarboxylates.
Sodium perborate is a chemical compound whose chemical formula may be written NaH2BO4, Na2H4B2O8, or, more properly, [Na+]2·[B2O4(OH)4]2-.
Sodium perborate's name is sometimes abbreviated as PBS. It is available inexpensively in large quantities in a fairly pure state—the commercial product is ∼ 96–98% pure.
Sodium perborate has a long shelf life and low toxicity.
Sodium perborate is an active form of oxygen used to whiten, brighten, clean, and deodorize.
Sodium perborate is commonly encountered in anhydrous form or as a hexahydrate (commonly called “monohydrate” or PBS-1 and “tetrahydrate” or PBS-4, after the early assumption that NaBO3 would be the anhydrous form).
Sodium perborate is both white, odorless, water-soluble solids.
Sodium perborate may be used in a large number of cleaning products, such as laundry detergents, automatic dishwasher detergents, oxygen powder bleaches, fabric softeners, hand dishwashing detergents, all-purpose cleaners, air fresheners, and stain removers.
Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate is widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.
Sodium perborate is available in powder form or in various commercial proprietary combinations.19,20
When fresh, Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate contains about 95% perborate, corresponding to 9.9% available oxygen.
Sodium perborate is stable when dry, but in the presence of acid, warm air, or water, Perboric acid, sodium salt decomposes to form sodium metaborate, hydrogen peroxide, and nascent oxygen.
Various types of sodium perborate preparations are available: monohydrate, trihydrate, and tetrahydrate.
Perboric acid, sodium salt differ in oxygen content, which determines their bleaching efficacy.
Commonly used sodium perborate preparations are alkaline; their pH depends on the amount of hydrogen peroxide released and the residual sodium metaborate.
Sodium perborate is more easily controlled and safer than concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions.
Therefore in most cases, Perboric acid, sodium salt should be the material of choice for internal bleaching.
Pure sodium perborate (NaBO3) is a white, odorless solid under standard conditions. However, a molecule of sodium perborate normally crystallizes with 1, 2 or 4 molecules of water.
Sodium perborate monohydrate (NaBO3.H2O) and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO3.4H2O) have commercial applications, especially as detergents and bleaches.
Both forms of sodium perborate are more stable and safer to handle than compounds with similar applications, such as sodium percarbonate and sodium perphosphate.
Sodium perborate (PBS) is a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound with chemical.
Perboric acid, sodium salt crystallizes as monohydrate or tetrahydrate.
Sodium perborate is manufactured by reaction of sodium tetraborate, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydroxide.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is a skin irritant.
Unlike percarbonate and perphosphate, perborate is not just an addition compound of peroxide, but contains true peroxygen bonds.
This makes the material more stable, safer for handling and storage.
The monohydrate form dissolves better than the tetrahydrate and has higher heat stability; is prepared by heating the tetrahydrate.
Sodium perborate undergoes hydrolysis in contact with water, producing hydrogen peroxide and borate.
Perboric acid, sodium salt serves as a source of active oxygen in many detergents, laundry detergents, cleaning products, and laundry bleaches.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is also present in some tooth bleaching formulas. It has antiseptic properties and can act as a disinfectant.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is also used as a "disappearing" preservative in some brands of eye drops. One eye drop manufacturer, Novartis, claims that it "turns into pure water and oxygen upon contact with your eye."
Sodium perborate is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite, causing less degradation to dyes and textiles.
Borates also have some non-oxidative bleaching properties.
Sodium perborate releases oxygen rapidly at temperatures over 60 °C.
To make Perboric acid, sodium salt active at lower temperatures (40-60 °C), it has to be mixed with a suitable activator, typically tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED).
Uses
Sodium perborate serves as a stable source of active oxygen in many detergents, laundry detergents, cleaning products, and laundry bleaches.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is a less aggressive bleach than sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine-based bleaches, causing less degradation to dyes and textiles.
Borates also have some non-oxidative bleaching properties.[citation needed] Sodium perborate releases oxygen rapidly at temperatures over 60 °C.
To make Perboric acid, sodium salt active at lower temperatures (40–60 °C), one must mix it with a suitable activator, typically tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED).
Sodium perborate is also present in some tooth bleaching formulas for non vital root treated teeth.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is inserted in the root canal and left in place for an extended period of time to allow it to diffuse into the tooth and bleach stains from the inside out.
However, this use has been banned in the European Union.
Perboric acid, sodium salt has antiseptic properties and can act as a disinfectant.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is also used as a "disappearing" preservative in some brands of eye drops.
Sodium perborate is also used as an oxidizing reagent in organic synthesis.
For example, Perboric acid, sodium salt converts thioethers into sulfoxides and sulfones.
Applications
Sodium perborate tetrahydrate is considered as a source of active hydrogen used in detergents, cleaning products, laundry detergents and bleaches.
Perboric acid, sodium salt finds application as a tooth bleaching agent utilized for tooth.
Perboric acid, sodium salt has antiseptic properties and acts as disinfectant as well as preservative in eye drops.
Further, Perboric acid, sodium salt is mixed with suitable activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine in order to release oxygen at lower temperatures.
Notes
Moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with metals, metallic salts, acids, bases and reducing agents.
Sodium perborates serve as a source of active oxygen.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is inorganic peroxide, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound prepared in a form of MONOHYDRATE (NaBO3·H2O) or TETRAHYDRATE (NaBO3·4H2O).
DIFFERENCES between Monohydrate and Tetrahydrate regarding application and performance:
The essential difference between both Sodium Perborates is in the AVOX (free active oxygen):
Monohydrate has AVOX minimum 15 % and is used for low temperature wash, but on contrary Tetrahydrate has AVOX minimum 10 % only.
The monohydrated form has further on higher heat stability and a higher dissolution rate into water.
FORMULA:
NaBO3
ELEMENTS:
Sodium, boron, oxygen
COMPOUND TYPE:
Salt (inorganic)
STATE:
Solid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:
81.80 g/mol
MELTING POINT:
Not available
BOILING POINT:
Not applicable
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in water, with decomposition
OVERVIEW
Sodium perborate (SO-dee-um per-BOR-ate) is a white amorphous powder commonly available as the monohydrate (NaBO3·H2O) or the tetrahydrate (NaBO3·4H2O).
The most frequently available form of the compound, the tetraborate, is a white crystalline solid with a salty taste that melts at 63°C (145°F) and loses its water of hydration when heated above 130°C (270°F).
When dissolved in water, all forms of sodium tetraborate decompose to yield hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium borate (Na2B4O7).
The formation of hydrogen peroxide, which is itself unstable and breaks down to release nascent oxygen (O), makes sodium tetraborate an excellent source of 'active' oxygen.
The terms nascent and active refer to individual atoms of oxygen that have a strong tendency to react with other elements and compounds.
Since sodium tetraborate is more stable than hydrogen peroxide, Perboric acid, sodium salt can be used for the same purposes as the peroxide, but is safer and easier to handle.
The most common applications of sodium tetraborate are in detergents, bleaches, hair care products, and disinfectants.
COMMON USES AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS
Sodium perborates' uses are based on the fact that it is a mild and relatively safe oxidizing agent.
An oxidizing agent is a substance that supplies oxygen to other substances.
The oxidation of a material may cause bleaching or the destruction of disease-causing microogranisms.
For example, sodium perborate is added to some detergents to improve their bleaching capability.
Perboric acid, sodium salt makes the detergents more effective in removing stains, keeping white fabrics white, and preserving the original colors of colored cloth.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is also added to some automatic dishwasher powders to improve the product's ability to loosen left-on food and to sterilize dishes, silverware, and cookware.
Sodium perborate is also used as an ingredient in a variety of home- and personal-care products, such as deodorants, mouthwashes, denture cleaners, and toothpastes.
Sodium perborate is an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. If ingested, it may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bleeding.
Exposure to large quantities of the pure compound can produce severe skin rashes, permanent eye damage, breathing difficulties, unconsciousness, and kidney failure.
Despite these concerns, people who use personal- and home-care products containing sodium perborate are at low risk for health problems.
Perboric acid, sodium salt degrades during machine washing, and home users rarely ingest, inhale, or come into contact with significant quantities of the compound.
The European Union Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and the Environment issued a report in May 2004 stating that manufacturers and consumers do not need to take steps beyond those already in place to protect themselves from exposure to sodium perborate.
Interesting Facts
Because of concerns about the hazard that boron compounds may pose to the environment, sodium perborate is being replaced in many applications by a similar but safer oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate.
Indication
In the industry, sodium perborate is used as a disinfectant.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is also part of the ingredients for detergents, bleach powders, and personal care formulations.
In cosmetic products, perboric acid and mainly its salt are used as an oxidizing agent for dyeing or permanent waving.
In dentistry, sodium perborate monohydrate is used as an aid for the removal of phlegm, mucus or other secretions associated with an occasional sore in the mouth, for cleansing minor wounds, for temporary cleanse of canker sore or for the removal of foreign materials in minor wounds.6
In ophthalmic preparations, sodium perborate is used as a preservative for products used for dry eye.
This use is approved as this compound rapidly degrades to harmless byproducts.
Product Description
Sodium percarbonate (sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide) - (Na2CO3 * 1.5H2O2), sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound that is easily soluble in water.
Used as a whitening agent having so-called "active oxygen" for detergents, in household chemistry products, dishwasher cubes, also as a component of bleaching additives in washing powders.
In the form of a solution intended for disinfecting and disinfecting surfaces.
Sodium percarbonate is a raw material with a wide spectrum of applications.
In the chemical industry, it is used as a bleaching, brightening, detergent and washing powder component.
Small amounts of "active oxygen" are also found in dishwasher tablets.
Thanks to the oxidizing properties of sodium percarbonate, we can achieve a whitening effect on washing.
Sodium percarbonate is also a universal product for cleaning all surfaces, e.g. carpets, curtains.
In the kitchen, the percarbonate solution can remove stubborn deposits from dishes. In the bathroom used for cleaning toilets.
Sodium percarbonate also removes mold.
You don't have to buy expensive mold and mildew remedies - just sodium percarbonate.
Sodium percarbonate is also an excellent disinfectant.
Contact with water releases hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide), disinfecting the surface.
In low concentrations it does not require rinsing.
Dosage: 3-4g per liter of water.
Product Introduction
Sodium perborate, one of very important industrial peroxy acid salts, is widely used as inexpensive and safe oxidizing agent in cleaning and washing, bleaching, disinfection, papermaking and textile industries.
Perboric acid, sodium salt has very high oxidation activity and stability so as to store and transport expediently.
Moreover, sodium perborate, which can decompose to borate salts and release oxygen, is a kind of environmentally friendly oxidants.
Sodium perborate has two kinds of specification--- tetrahydrate and monohydrate.
The sodium perborate monohydrate, derivered from sodium perborate tetrahydrate that is subject to removal of hydrated water, has higher available oxygen, stability and dissolution rate.
Product Information
CAS number: 10486-00-7
EC index number :005-018-01-X
EC number: 234-390-0
Hill Formula: BNaO₃ * 4 H₂O
Chemical formula: NaBO₃ * 4 H₂O
Molar Mass: 153.86 g/mol
HS Code 2840 30 00
Quality Level MQ200
Physicochemical Information
Density 1.73 g/cm3
Melting Point 60 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 10.0 - 10.4 (10 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility:23 g/l
Specifications
Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
Purity(Potassium permanganate method): min. 97.0 %
Chemiluminescence test (Luminol/POD/BNAO3) to pass test
Properties (reference)
Melting Point: 60 °C(dec.)
Solubility in water: Slightly soluble
Degree of solubility in water: 23 g/l 20 °C
Computed Properties
Molecular Weight: 99.82
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mas: 99.9943830
Monoisotopic Mass: 99.9943830
Topological Polar Surface Area: 50.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 20.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count : 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION
Physical State; Appearance
WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER.
Physical dangers
Chemical dangers
Decomposes above 60°C . This produces toxic fumes including sodium oxide.
Decomposes on contact with water.
This produces boric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts with combustible and reducing materials.
The solution in water is a weak base.
Formula: NaBO3 . 4H2O / NaBO2 . H2O2 . 3H2O
Molecular mass: 153.9
Decomposes at ~60-65.5°C
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 2.3
Safety
In the European Union, sodium perborate, like most borates, was classified as "carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction" (CMR), category 1B of Regulation (EC) 790/2009, as a result of being included in Part 3 of Annex VI of the regulation 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) of substances and mixtures.
As a result, their use has been automatically banned in cosmetic products in the EU, in any concentration, starting 1 December 2010.
That extends to the use of perborates for tooth whitening.
The reagent offers low toxicity and a long shelf life.
SPB is a useful reagent in organic synthesis as a substitute for the unstable, highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions that can pose a significant explosion hazard and are not commercially available.
Sodium perborate is soluble in water and releases hydrogen peroxide, but it is not merely a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borate.
NMR and Raman spectroscopy indicate that in dilute solution, an equilibrium exists that still contains peroxoborate anions.
These peroxoborate species are able to deliver the hydroperoxide anion at a lower pH than when H2O2 is used.
What is Sodium Perborate (NaBO3)?
This is a white substance that has no odor.
Perboric acid, sodium salt is water soluble though it is often also mixed with hydrogen peroxide.
The main use for this compound in a dental practice is for teeth bleaching.
Perboric acid, sodium salt can be left on the tooth for extended periods of time and will whiten the tooth from the inside out due to the way it rapidly releases oxygen.
How Safe is Sodium Perborate (NaBO3)?
Some people think that sodium perborate (NaBO3) is a dangerous substance because Perboric acid, sodium salt has been banned for use in cosmetics.
However, using Perboric acid, sodium salt in a dental practice is very different.
If a patient is concerned about how safe it will be to use at home on their own, the best thing they can do is have the procedure done in the safety of their Houston endodontist’s office.
They will know the right mixture to be used as well as whether Perboric acid, sodium salt will be effective for the type of whitening they are looking for which will lead to the best possible results from the whitening process.
Sodium Perborate, Monohydrate is also known PBS-1, is used as a source of active oxygen in cleaning products and detergents.
Sodium Perborate, Monohydrate has also been used as a tooth bleaching formula.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
moisture Sensitive.
Soluble in: water
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Strength:none
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless
Properties
Chemical
Sodium perborate undergoes hydrolysis in contact with water, producing hydrogen peroxide and borate.
Sodium borate added to glacial acetic acid will yield peracetic acid, which can be used to oxidize aromatic amines to nitro groups, reaction best takes place at temperatures between 50-55 °C.
Sodium borate in glacial acetic acid will also oxidize oximes to nitro compounds.
Physical
Sodium perborate is a white hygroscopic solid, which dissolves in water.
Availability
Conventional detergents may contain 10-20% of sodium perborate by weight, depending on the brand.
Some oxygen bleach powders may contain up to 80% sodium perborate.
Pure sodium borate can be bought from chemical suppliers or online.
Preparation
Sodium perborate ban be prepared by adding concentrated hydrogen peroxide to a solution of borax and sodium hydroxide.
Comments
A moderate eye irritant; Causes convulsions and muscle weakness in oral lethal-dose studies of mice and rats; [RTECS] Decomposed by warm or moist air evolving oxygen;
A strong oxidant that reacts with combustible materials; Forms boric acid and hydrogen peroxide on contact with water; An eye and respiratory tract irritant;
A strong oxidizer that may cause fire on contact with combustible materials; May cause serious eye injury; Harmful by ingestion; May be toxic to fertility or the developing child.
Product Description
Molecular Formula NaBO3
Specification
White, freely flowing
granule
Available Oxygen, %≥10.0
pH 9.9~10.9 ≤ 0.0015
Bulk Density, g/L 500~850
Wet Stability, % ≥82 Sodium perborate offers many of the functional benefits as liquid hydrogen peroxide in a stable solid form.
The oxidative power of sodium perborate improves the cleaning, bleaching, stain removal and deodorizing performance of powder detergent formulations, all fabric dry bleaches, denture cleaners, automatic dishwasher detergents and various institutional and industrial laundry products.
First aid measures
Description of first-aid measures
General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air.
Call in physician.
In case of skin contact
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
If swallowed
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed.
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available
Firefighting measures
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Borane/boron oxides
Sodium oxides
Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.
Advice for firefighters
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.
Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Advice for non-emergency personnel: Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Avoid substance contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
For personal protection see section 8.
Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.
Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
Advice on safe handling
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Hygiene measures
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection. Wash hands and face after working with substance.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Do not store near combustible materials.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.
Storage class
Storage class (TRGS 510): 5.1B: Oxidizing hazardous materials
Specific end use(s)
Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated
Exposure controls/personal protection
Control parameters
Ingredients with workplace control parameters
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate
government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Tightly fitting safety goggles
Skin protection
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L
Body Protection
protective clothing
Respiratory protection required when dusts are generated.
Alternative Names
Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate
sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane;hydrate
UNII-Y9UKD0XE6F
Y9UKD0XE6F
Sodium perborate monohydrate (USAN)
Sodium perborate monohydrate [USAN]
Caswell No. 784A
Sodium borate, monohydrate
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011105
Sodium perborate hydrate
Perboric acid (HBO(O2)), sodium salt, monohydrate
DTXSID9035676
FT-0696526
D07066
Q18212089
