SODIUM PERCARBONATE

CAS NO:15630-89-4    
EC NO:239-707-6

SYNONYMS    
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate;Carbonic acid disodium salt, compound with hydrogen peroxide(2:3); PCS; Sodium Carbonate Peroxide;BIOXY S;BIOXY S NEW;Carbonate de disodium, compose avec le peroxyde d'hydrogene(2:3);carbonate de disodium, compose avec peroxyde d'hydrogene(2:3);carbonato de disodio, composto con peroxido de hidrogeno(2:3);Carbonic acid disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3);CARBONIC ACID DISODIUM SALT, COMPOUND, WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2), compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3);Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compound with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3);Dinatriumcarbonat, Verbindung mit Hydrogenperoxid(2:3);Disodium carbonate compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Disodium carbonate compd. with hydrogen peroxide (Na2CO3.1.5 H2O2);Disodium carbonate sesquiperoxide;Disodium carbonate, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Disodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide (2:3);ECOX-C;FB Sodium Percarbonate;NATRIUMPERCARBONAT;OxiClean;Oxyper;Oxyper S 131;Oxyper S 142;PC-F;PC-PHAS;Percarbonate Q 30;Perdox;Peroxy sodium carbonate;Sodium carbonate peroxide;SODIUM CARBONATE PEROXYHYDRATE;Sodium carbonate sesquiperoxide (2Na2CO3.3H2O2);Sodium percarbonate;Sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3.1.5H2O2);Sodium peroxy carbonate;SPC-D;SPC-D (peroxide);SPC-ED;SPC-HGD;SPC-Q 1;SPC-Q 2;SPC-Q 3;SPC-Q 4;SPC-Z;SPD-ED;UN3378;Sodium percarbonate;Oxyper;Perdox;Sodium carbonate peroxide;FB Sodium percarbonate;Peroxy sodium carbonate;EINECS 239-707-6;Carbonic acid disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3);Disodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3);Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate;HSDB 8161;Sodium percarbonate, CP;EC 239-707-6;C2H6Na4O12

Sodium percarbonate, also called sodium carbonate peroxide, is an inorganic salt that typically appears as a colorless, crystalline solid.

Sodium percarbonate is a bleaching and oxidizing agent commonly used in household cleaning products. It is often used in toothpaste and tooth whitening products, as well as in crop production to inhibit algae and moss.We use it as a detergent booster. It dissolves in water and turns into hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.

Sodium percarbonate helps whiten and clean during washing. Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care and cleaning product quality standards. Studies show that the ingredient is a slight skin irritant and not a sensitizer.

Commercially, manufacturing sodium percarbonate involves reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide and then crystallizing the mixture. The crystals are dried. Alternatively, the mixture can be evaporated in a spray dryer

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical substance with formula Na2H3CO6. It is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate) whose formula is more properly written as 2Na2CO3·3H2O2. 
It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid.It is sometimes abbreviated as SPC. It contains 32.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide.

The product is used in some eco-friendly bleaches and other cleaning products, and as a laboratory source of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide.

History
Sodium percarbonate was first prepared in 1899 by Russian chemist Sebastian Moiseevich Tanatar.

Structure
At room temperature, solid sodium percarbonate has the orthorhombic crystal structure, with the Cmca crystallographic space group. The structure changes to Pbca as the crystals are cooled below about -30 °C.

Chemistry
Dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate yields a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (which eventually decomposes to water and oxygen), sodium cations Na+ , and carbonate.

Production
Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by crystallization of a solution of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, with proper control of the pH and concentrations.This is also a convenient laboratory method.

Alternatively, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution.

It may also be formed from a process starting from sodium peroxide When absolute ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium peroxide at 0° C. a perhydroxide is produced.

C2H5OH + Na2O2 - O:NaOH + C2H5ONa.

Carbon dioxide converts it into sodium hydrogen percarbonate.

World production capacity of this compound was estimated at several hundred thousand tons for 2004.

Uses
As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as Oxyper, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent,and Vanish.

Many commercial products mix a percentage of sodium percarbonate with sodium carbonate. The average percentage of an "Oxy" product in the supermarket is 65% sodium percarbonate and 35% sodium carbonate. The "ultra boosters" seen on infomercials may contain as much as 80% sodium percarbonate. However, sodium percarbonate is less expensive in its pure form[citation needed] and can be adjusted to any percentage the user desires.

Sodium percarbonate is also used as a cleaning agent by many home brewers. 

Sodium percarbonate can be used in organic synthesis as a convenient source of anhydrous H2O2, in particular in solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but can leach the H2O2 out of it. A method for generating trifluoroperacetic acid in situ for use in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations from sodium percarbonate and trifluoroacetic anhydride has been reported; it provides a convenient and cheap approach to this reagent without the need to obtain highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

Sodium Percarbonate is an addition compound of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. This granular product provides a stable source of alkaline hydrogen peroxide which is environmentally friendly and easy to use.Sodium Percarbonate has an active available oxygen content which is equivalent to 27.5% H2O2.Sodium Percarbonate offers many of the same functional benefits as liquid hydrogen peroxide. As an oxidant,Sodium Percarbonate provides powerful cleaning, bleaching, stain removal and deodorizing capabilities. These attributes make Sodium Percarbonate a product that is environmentally benign because its products of decomposition are water, oxygen and sodium carbonate (soda ash).Sodium Percarbonate has a wide range of applications including use in heavy-duty laundry detergents, allfabric bleaches, wood-deck bleaches, textile bleaches and carpet cleaners. It is used in a number of general cleaning products in the institutional and industrial marketplace. The product also has use in personal care formulations, denture cleaners, and certain food-bleaching applications.

Sodium percarbonate is a great killer of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mildew, therefore can be used as a very effective exterior Algae removal agent and moss killer. Sodium percarbonate is also an effective indoors product and is used as a house deodoriser, floor cleaner and carpet spot cleaner.

Sodium Percarbonate is becoming the new multi-use home and garden cleaner. There are many conversations about using less plastic packaging. This is one product that covers a multitude of uses in the house and garden.

It is an excellent colour and fabric laundry stain remover. Since there is no environmental impact, sodium percarbonate has got to be at the top of your shopping list.

Sodium percarbonate, also called sodium carbonate peroxide, is an inorganic salt that typically appears as a colorless, crystalline solid.

Water treatment options for organic aquaculture are restricted, compared to those available to conventional fish farming; only easily degradable disinfectants are allowed. One of the permissible water disinfectants that can be used in both conventional and organic aquaculture production systems is sodium percarbonate (SPC). SPC is a dry, granulated form of hydrogen peroxide (H202), being a crystalline adduct of H2O2 with sodium carbonate (2Na2CO3·3H2O2; Fig. 1).

SPC decomposes in water into Na+, CO32- and H2O2.  It has different trade names – Oxyper, Biocare or Oxypro – and is also referred to as “emergency oxygen powder.” The product has documented anti-parasitic effects (Heinecke and Buchmann, Aquaculture 288.1 (2009): 32-35), controls unwanted algae growth and has sanitizing properties, and liberates oxygen during its decomposition.

The advantage of applying SPC over other H2O2 products is that it is safe and easy to handle. Being a granulated powder, it can be evenly distributed in a pond or raceway by use of a hand shovel, as shown in the picture above.

The added powder can be visually checked as it precipitates to the bottom of the tank or raceway when added to the water, helping guide and ensure a safer, more even and effective distribution. Immediately after the addition of SPC to the water, hydrogen peroxide reacts with organic matter and bacteria in the sediment.

During the enzymatic breakdown of H2O2, oxygen is formed, which is seen as microbubbles emerging from the bottom/sediment. This process may help in liberating organic matter and debris from the bottom, which is another apparent, beneficial property of this product. The water quality is momentarily deteriorated as a result of this, and some decomposition products (flocculated material, particulate organic matter) may accumulate on the surface following the water treatment procedure.

SPC can be used to improve water quality by the indirect addition of oxygen and associated elimination of bacteria. As a side effect, it purifies the bottom in concrete raceways in hatcheries, and cleans up the sediment in earthen ponds when SPC reacts with the organic matter. The dosages vary from system to system and depend on factors like fish size, water temperature and water quality (organic matter content).

In January 2017, we measured the associated effect of adding SPC to a 100 m3 earthen pond with juvenile (150 to 200-gram) rainbow trout. An amount of 12 kg SPC was evenly added using a hand shovel to the pond over a period under five minutes.

At the outlet of the pond, oxygen and pH sensors were installed to record and log data prior to, and during SPC application. Water samples were collected in transects across the pond and from the outlet of the pond to assess hydrogen peroxide concentrations. H2O2 concentrations were estimated by use of commercial Peroxid sticks (0-25 ppm H2O2) and analyzed in the field with a portable spectrophotometer and a fixating color reagent.

The concentration of H2O2 peaked at 35 ppm at 30 min after the SPC was added to the pond (Fig. 2). The concentration remained above 10 ppm for over two hours, declining as a result of dilution and degradation within the pond. The associated effects of SPC addition and thereby release of alkaline carbonate ions was seen as a markedly increases in pH from 8.0 to > 9.5 within 10 min. Oxygen concentration increased from approx. 75 percent saturation to 140 percent saturation just after SPC addition. The oxygen concentration decreased but remained at an elevated level (> 90 percent saturation) for two hours.Sodium percarbonate (offered by Bensos as Bleaching Powder code D) is a mineral chemical, which features may be very useful for some cleaning, particularly for laundry.
Once diluted in water, its pH is alkaline (greater than 7); what does it mean? pH is a way to measure H+ ions concentrations, that is acidity, of an aqueous solution (“aqueous solution” is water with something dissolved inside). As an example, when a solution is very very acidic (pH 1), it may be corrosive; if it is few acidic (pH 5) our skin feels it good, as this is typical skin pH. Talking about alkaline pH, let’s take in consideration lower and lower H+ concentrations, at the same time reaching higher and higher values for its “opposite”, OH- ion: high values of OH- correspond with low values of H+ and with a very alkaline pH (pH 14), which is corrosive as much as very low pH (pH 1). In-between alkaline values are typically found in degreasers and in laundry products, as sodium percarbonate.

We said that sodium percarbonate is alkaline in aqueous solution, so that it has good degreasing power Laundry Detergent code H, likewise alkaline, whereas it is not recommended to mix it directly with Citric Acid (suitable to be put in place of the fabric softener, to enter the cleaning water not before the last rinsing step, when alkaline products have been yet rinsed away): it is better not to mix acidic with alkaline chemicals, because they react with each other “fighting” one another, instead of stepping up their efforts against soil!

The second feature of sodium percarbonate is the bleaching one, made up by oxygen peroxide contained into the molecule: the effervescence that develops in contact with water is “active oxygen“, able to bleach and to hygienize. The strong action of oxygen peroxide is very useful when it acts against soil and bacteria, oxydizing and inactivating them; this action is disadvantageous if it acts against the laundry detergent molecules. This is the reason why it is better not to put together concentrated detergent and percarbonate, into the same dispenser; when they will be diluted by washing water, they will find easily their “victims” in soil and microorganisms, without sparing energy in fighing themselves…

In summary: sodium percarbonate works well with laundry detergent, as long as they are put initially in two different places in the machine (two different dispensers, or two separate places in the drum). In closing, sodium percarbonate and citric acid or vinegar must not be directly mixed.

Usage areas:

Sodium carbonate is a type of derivative that does not cause any harm to the human body except allergic reactions. In fact, it is known that diseases such as dandruff, goiter, hair break, rosacea and rheumatism accelerate the development of healing. Others are effective in healing diseases such as sinusitis and nodules. Sodium carbonate is effective for overall health and has the ability to counterbalance. This is because the sodium carbonate derivative has a separate place. Alternative therapy is also often preferred and has the ability to alter the alkalinity.

Sodium carbonate is a chemical product known as soda among the people. This chemical, whose formula is Na2CO3, is used in many types. It is whitish, transparent and stone-shaped in nature. It is a basic salt and has a water soluble structure. It softens the water, helps soap foam and is used as an additive in preventive detergents. There is no harm in using it in machines. It does not cause the formation of toxic gases when used like other detergents. It has only irritating properties. It is more suitable to use with gloves.

In the detergent and soap industry, sodium carbonate is preferred as a natural cleaning agent.
One of the indispensable parts of making baking soda is baking soda. After the sodium carbonate is opened with warm water, washing soda is obtained.
It is preferred for the cooking of flax and cotton fibers.
Sodium carbonate, which is also preferred in brick making, requires wetting.
It is also found in toothpastes and the formation of foam is due to sodium carbonate.
It is preferred in the treatment of second degree burns on the body.
It is preferred in tulle and curtain bleaching process.
It is used for bleaching laundry and especially tulle. Sodium carbonate precipitates ions that cause hardness in water as carbonate and removes them from the environment. In this way, it is used as a fabric softener.
Glass treatment is important chemical. By combining sand and soda, it is raised to a very high temperature and suddenly cooled. Glass is produced in this way.
In the textile industry, reactive dye is used to create the bond between sodium carbonate dye and fiber.
It acts as an acid regulator, anti-caking agent and stabilizer as a food additive. Sherbet powder is applied.
It acts as a wetting agent in brick making, so less water is needed when extruding the clay.
It is used as a foaming agent in toothpastes. It creates friction and raises the mouth pH.