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SODIUM PERCARBONATE

CAS NUMBER: 15630-89-4

EC NUMBER:
239-707-6

Sodium percarbonate, also called sodium carbonate peroxide, is an inorganic salt that typically appears as a colorless, crystalline solid.
Sodium percarbonate is a bleaching and oxidizing agent commonly used in household cleaning products. 
Sodium percarbonate is often used in toothpaste and tooth whitening products, as well as in crop production to inhibit algae and moss.
We use Sodium percarbonate as a detergent booster. 
Sodium percarbonate dissolves in water and turns into hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.

The name "sodium percarbonate" (SPC) does not reflect the structure of this oxidizing agent, which is in fact a carbonate perhydrate: 2 Na2CO3 • 3 H2O2. 
Although Sodium percarbonate is very storage-stable if dry, the solid material has a slight vapour pressure of hydrogen peroxide leading to exchange with water or to violent reactions with oxidizable substrates, even in the solid state.
Sodium percarbonate is a source of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide in non-aqueous systems, even if the material is not fully soluble. 
The addition of small amounts of water or sonication can increase the rate of oxidation. 
For example, sodium percarbonate allows the convenient preparation of peroxyacids from acid chlorides, and even from the acids themselves. 
Thus, Sodium percarbonate can be used in epoxidations and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations in the presence of an acylating agent.

Sodium percarbonate helps whiten and clean during washing. 
Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care and cleaning product quality standards. 
Studies show that the ingredient is a slight skin irritant and not a sensitizer.

Sodium Percarbonate is a white odorless, crystalline powder which when added to water releases hydrogen peroxide, a powerful disinfectant.
Natural choice for use on barrels, presses, lines and pipes, tanks and other winery equipment.
Approved for use around food.

Sodium Percarbonate (Na2CO3·1.5H2O2) is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid. 
An adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. 
Applications of sodium percarbonate include use in laundry detergents.

Sodium Percarbonate is a water insoluble Sodium source that can easily be converted to other Sodium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination). 
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids. 
Sodium Percarbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. 
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. 
Typical and custom packaging is available. 

Commercially, manufacturing sodium percarbonate involves reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide and then crystallizing the mixture. 
The crystals are dried. 
Alternatively, the mixture can be evaporated in a spray dryer.
Sodium percarbonate or sodium perborate of high specific volume is prepared by mixing sodium carbonate or sodium borate, or an aqueous solution thereof, with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an anionic surface active agent in an amount exceeding the critical concentration for micelle formation.

Sodium percarbonate is mainly used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents, laundry additives and machine dishwashing products. 
The pure product (100 %) is also available for consumers as a laundry additive. 
Sodium percarbonate may also be used in products for drain cleaning, multipurpose cleaning or for denture cleansing. 
The amount of sodium percarbonate, which is used in household cleaning products in Europe, was estimated to be 100,000 – 150,000 tonnes in 2001 but the amount is expected to increase the coming years. 

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical substance with formula Na2H3CO6. 
Sodium percarbonate is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate) whose formula is more properly written as 2 Na2CO3·3 H2O2. 
Sodium percarbonate is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid.
Sodium percarbonate is sometimes abbreviated as SPC. 
Sodium percarbonate contains 32.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide.

Sodium percarbonate improves the performance of conventional detergents and shampoos on stubborn stains. 
Sodium percarbonate is a gentle stain remover for synthetic carpeting and upholstery fabrics. 
Sodium percarbonate saves time by allowing cleaning in one pass that would perhaps have taken two or three passes with a carpet cleaner that uses shampoo only. 
Sodium percarbonate improves personal safety by eliminating the need to use harsher cleaning or stain removal products. 
Sodium percarbonate also eliminates the need for expensive prespotters and stain removers. 
Sodium percarbonate prolongs carpet cleaner machine life by reducing the use of harsh and corrosive products. 
Sodium percarbonate is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles. 
Sodium percarbonate is colour safe. 
Sodium percarbonate brightens colours and prevents fabric from become yellowed or darkened.

Sodium percarbonate is an addition compound of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Based on the molecular formula, the pure substance sodium percarbonate contains 32.5 % hydrogen peroxide and 67.5 % sodium carbonate (based on weight). 
Sodium percarbonate is a white crystalline powder. 

Sodium Percarbonate is normally added to the start of the hot wash cycle predissolved in cold water at a rate of 300g per 100kg of dry work. 
The wash temperature must be above 60C for good results. 
Once Sodium Percarbonate is in the form of a stock solution it deteriorates rapidly. 
For this reason it is recommended that the appropriate amount of Sodium Percarbonate is weighed out and dissolved for each load of the day.


Use
The main user of sodium percarbonate is the household cleaning products industry, which is expected to use more than 95 % of the European sodium percarbonate demand.
Sodium percarbonate is mainly used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents (tablets,compact or regular powders), laundry additives and machine dishwashing products. 
The concentrations of sodium percarbonate in the different household cleaning products are presented. 
However, higher concentrations are used also. Bleach booster products with a sodium percarbonate concentration between 65 and 85 % are placed on the market.
Furthermore the pure product (100 %) is available for consumers as a laundry additive. 
Minor amounts of sodium percarbonate may be used in products for drain cleaning, multipurpose cleaning or for denture cleansing.
The amount of sodium percarbonate, which is used in household cleaning products in Europe, was estimated to be 100,000 –150,000 tonnes in 2001 but the amount is expected to increase
the coming years. The amount of 150,000 tonnes will be used as a worst case scenario for the environmental assessment.
Sodium percarbonate is an addition salt of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate that provides a solid source of hydrogen peroxide. 
When dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate liberates hydrogen peroxide. 
Sodium percarbonate is a white, granular or powdered solid oxidizer. 
Sodium percarbonate is used primarily as a bleaching agent in cleaning products. 
Other uses include algaecides, fungicides, chemical synthesis and environmental applications such as control of odor at waste treatment facilities. 
A small amount is used in denture cleaners and toothpaste.
Multifunctional reagent for the preparation of optically active 4-hydroxy-2-isoxazolines.

On wood Sodium percarbonate is effective in removing mildew stains and weathering. 
The sodium carbonate acts as a built-in detergent, removing dirt and other deposits. 
Thus, sodium percarbonate-based cleaners are effective in removing dirt, mildew and weathered grey residues.
Once treated the wood returns to its natural original appearance. 
Oxygen bleach is excellent for cleaning and removing organic stains (such as coffee, tea, wine, fruit juices, foods, sauces, grass, pet stains and blood) from fabrics, plastics, fiberglass, porcelain, ceramics, wood, carpets, asphalt, concrete, etc. Oxygen bleach containing products can be used in any place in or around the house that need to be destained and deodorized; they are efficient, safe and economical.

Benefits:
No environmental hazards - breaks down to oxygen, water and sodium carbonate (soda ash) in your wash water.
Effectively kills wide range of bacteria, mildew, algae, viruses, fungi
Colour safe and fabric safe. Sodium percarbonate brightens colours and prevents fabrics from becoming yellowed or darkened
Effective stain removal on a multitude of surfaces
In the laundry Sodium Percarbonate is used to destain, deodorize, and whiten. 
Sodium percarbonate is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles.

Where to use:
-Laundry cleaner & bleach
-Spot cleaning fabrics
-Carpet & Upholstery cleaning and prespotting
-Kitchen surfaces and utensils
-Destaining cups, Coffee Pots etc
-Fridges & freezers
-Chopping Boards
-Bathroom surfaces
-Mildew Removal tiles, grouting and walls
-Wood Decks and wooden garden furniture
-Plastic garden furniture
-Kills algae and moss on driveways, patios, brickwork and roofs.
-General household Cleaning
-Sterilizing utensils in hairdressers and barbers

SYNONYM:
Sodium percarbonate; Sodium carbonate peroxide; UNII-Z7G82NV92P; Carbonic acid disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3); Z7G82NV92P; tetrasodium;hydrogen peroxide;dicarbonate; Perdox; FB Sodium percarbonate
Peroxy sodium carbonate; EINECS 239-707-6; Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate; Disodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide (2:3); HSDB 8161; Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); Sodium percarbonate, CP
EC 239-707-6; C2H6Na4O12; Sodium Percarbonate (Coated); Sodium Percarbonate (Uncoated); DTXSID3029736; Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2), compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3)
disodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide (2:3); FT-0688134; W3396; Sodium percarbonate, avail. H2O2 20-30 %

IUPAC NAME:
Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); disodium carbonate; disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide; Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); disodium carbonate-hydrogen peroxide (2/3); Percarbonate; sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide (2:3); Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide (4:2:3); Sodium carbonate peroxide; Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhidrate; sodium carbonate-hydrogen peroxide (2/3)

TRADE NAME:
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3); ECOX ; FB 400 Sodium Percarbonate; NaPC; Oxyper ; OXYPER 131; OXYPER  131/222; OXYPER  S142/SHC; OXYPER  SCS; PCS; percarbonate; Sodium Carbonate Peroxide; Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate; Sodium Percarbonate; Sodium percarbonate; sodium percarbonat; SPC; tetrasodium hydrogen peroxide dicarbonate

OTHER NAME:
1161851-82-6; 1161851-82-6; 121525-84-6; 121525-84-6; 1226792-00-2; 1226792-00-2; 15630-89-4

Sodium percarbonate is a quick oxygen-releasing agent, Sodium percarbonate can release a large of oxygen into water and increase the oxygen concentration of water for a long period of time. 
At the same time, Sodium percarbonate can improve the water quality and degrade the organic matter of water to reduce the toxicity of ammonia, nitrogen, H2S and algae. 
Applications for sodium percarbonate include treatment of biological upsets in ponds, treatment of sludges, municipal sewage treatment, dechlorination and water softening. 
In sewage treatment SPC helps to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and improve biodegradability. 
It neutralises pollutants such as sulphides, nitrosamines, amides, chlorine and thiosulphate.

Sodium Percarbonate is used as a method of adding hydrogen peroxide to dye oxidation baths in order to fix the dye onto the fabric. 
Sodium percarbonate is used as the bleaching agent to improve fabric whiteness.
When a solid bleach is desirable. 
Sodium percarbonate also offers a system for the fixation of sulphur dyes on fabrics. 
Sodium Percarbonate is not suitable for use with silk or wool.

Sodium percarbonate is a source of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide in non aqueous systems. 
Sodium percarbonate is useful for solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but leech out the hydrogen peroxide from it. 
Sodium percarbonate behaves as an electrophile, because the driving force is the formation of carbonate.
At room temperature solid SPC has the orthorhombic crystal structure.

Sodium percarbonate is 100% active ingredient so it is a very powerful cleaner. 
Sodium percarbonate is sodium carbonate (i.e. Arm and Hammer Super Washing Soda) reacted with hydrogen peroxide and Sodium percarbonate is a very effective cleaner for all types of brewing equipment. 
Sodium percarbonate rinses easily. 
Sodium percarbonate uses active oxygen to penetrate carbon or protein soils and has a high kill rate on wide range of microorganisms making it an effective sanitiser as well as cleaner. 
This is a fantastic product for use on all brewery equipment including beer lines, pots, fermenters, heat exchangers. 
Sodium percarbonate will effectively remove beer stone and dried up yeast. 
Sodium percarbonate gradually decomposes into non-toxic, environmentally safe, food grade elements. 
Sodium percarbonate decomposes into oxygen, sodium carbonate and water. 
In our opinion, percarbonate-based cleaners are the best choice for equipment cleaning. 
These products combine sodium metasilicate with the percarbonate in a stable form which increases its effectivity and prevents the corrosion of metals like copper and aluminum that strong alkaline solutions can cause.

Preparation    
Sodium percarbonate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, which can be done via dry, spray and wet processes. 
In the dry process aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed on solid sodium carbonate; a solid-liquid reaction yields sodium percarbonate. 
In the spray process sodium percarbonate is produced by a fluid bed process. 
Solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide are sprayed into a drying chamber where the water is evaporated. 
In the wet process sodium percarbonate is usually prepared by cristallisation possibly in combination with salting out.

Health Hazard    
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. 
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. 
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Sodium percarbonate is a compound of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. 
Sold commercially as "Oxy-Clean" and various other names. 
For use in cleaning barrels, mix 0.25 to 0.5 ounces per gallon of barrel in cold or warm water, and dissolve completely. 
Pour into barrel, and top up with water (do not use hot water, Sodium percarbonate will release the hydrogen peroxide too quickly). 
Soak for a few minutes, up to a few hours. 
The longer the soak the more tannins will be extracted from the wood, reducing the life and flavor of the barrel. 
Drain the barrel, rinse with water, and rinse the inside of the barrel with a citric acid solution (1 tbsp citric acid per 5 gallons water) to neutralize the caustic sodium carbonate. 
For general cleaning of equipment, use .5 to 1 ounces per gallon of water.

The Sodium Percarbonate by Greenatural has a strong bleaching effect and thus removes stains and discolourations reliably.

Features:

-suitable for coloured and white garments
-removes stains and discolourations
-eliminates and prevents the formation of a gray film
-very good disinfecting effect
-particularly effective and efficient

Application:
For conventional use, add one tablespoon (approx. 20 g - 25 g) of bleach to teh washing cycle. 
For more stubborn stains, mix the bleach with a little water and apply directly to the stain. Add to the laundry cycle as usual.


Sodium percarbonate is an excellent bleaching agent that’s ideal for keeping your laundry naturally white by helping to prevent the greying of fabric from limescale build-up. 
Also referred to as an Oxygen Bleach, sodium percarbonate is a powder made of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide that sounds like a nasty chemical but that breaks down into water, soda ash and oxygen when dissolved in water. 
When used as a natural stain remover, Sodium percarbonate quickly and completely dissolves a wide range of stubborn stains, including tea, coffee, red wine, grass, fruit stains, sweat and blood leaving behind no environmental impact. 
As well as having a number of uses around the home, Sodium percarbonate is also an excellent product to use to kill bacteria, fungi, mildew and viruses so can also be used outdoors as a moss killer or for controlling algae in standing water. 

Sodium percarbonate allows the convenient preparation  of peroxyacids from acid chlorides, and even from the acids themselves. 
Thus, Sodium percarbonate can be used in epoxidations and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations in the presence of an acylating agent.
Sodium percarbonate in trifluoroacetic acid is an effective reagent for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to esters. 
The oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by sodium percarbonate in the presence of catalytic amounts of both molybdenyl acetylacetonate and Adogen 464 gave fair to high yields of the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
Sodium percarbonate is an ideal and efficient oxygen source for the oxidation of tertiary nitrogen compounds to N-oxides in excellent yields in the presence of various rhenium-based catalysts under mild reaction conditions.


Sodium Percarbonate has an active available oxygen content which is equivalent to 27.5% H202. 
Sodium percarbonate breaks down to oxygen, water and sodium carbonate upon decomposition. 
Sodium percarbonate's an environmentally afe bleaching agent. 
Coated sodium percarbonate is the more commonly commercialized peroxide compared with the uncoated type. 
The coated sodium percarbonate is the crystals coated ith single or multiple layers of various substances in orderto increase active oxygen stability and optimize storage and ensiling properties.

Sodium percarbonate rapidly dissolves in water and dissociates into sodium ions, carbonate ions and hydrogen peroxide and therefore in aqueous media only hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate
are present. 
For this reason many endpoints of sodium percarbonate can be assessed based on the available data for hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate. 
Sodium percarbonate is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, which can be done via dry, spray granulation and crystallization processes. 
In the dry process aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed on solid sodium carbonate; a solid-liquid reaction yields sodium percarbonate. 
In the spray granulation process sodium percarbonate is produced by a fluid bed process. 
Solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide are sprayed simultaneously into a drying chamber onto seed crystals whereby the water is evaporated. 
In the crystallization process sodium percarbonate is usually formed by reacting solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide in a crystallizer possibly in combination with salting out agents. 

The main user of sodium percarbonate is the household cleaning products industry, which is expected to use more than 95 % of the global sodium percarbonate demand. 
Sodium percarbonate is mainly used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents (tablets, compact or regular powders),laundry additives and machine dishwashing products. 
Based on the information from the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products (AISE, 2002), the concentrations of sodium percarbonate in laundry detergents, laundry additives and machine dishwashing products are 7-24 %, 20-56 % and 3-21 %, respectively. 
However, higher concentrations are used also. 
Bleach booster products with a sodium percarbonate concentration between 65 and 85 % are placed on the market. 
Furthermore the pure product (100 %) is available for consumers as a laundry additive.
Minor amounts of sodium percarbonate may be used in products for drain cleaning, multipurpose cleaning, denture cleansing and tooth whitening. 
Furthermore sodium percarbonate may be used for preservation of raw milk by use of the lactoperoxidase system, when cooling facilities of raw milk are not available.

Sodium percarbonate appears as a colorless, crystalline solid. 
Denser than water. 
May combust in contact with organic materials. 
Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. 
May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

APPLICATION FIELDS
-Bleaching, cleaning and stain removal agent for laundry and automatic dishwashing detergent formulations
-Stain remover agent for stain remover product formulations
-Bleaching agent for textile and paper industry applications
-Bleaching and disinfectant agent for several food and pharmaceutical industry applications
-Bleaching agent for various personal cleaning and cosmetics products
-Oxidizer disinfectant for a variety of industrial cleaning applications

Production:
Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by crystallization of a solution of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, with proper control of the pH and concentrations. 
This is also a convenient laboratory method.
Alternatively, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution.
It may also be formed from a process starting from sodium peroxide When absolute ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium peroxide at 0° C. a perhydroxide is produced.

Uses
As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as Oxyper, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent, and Vanish.
Many commercial products mix a percentage of sodium percarbonate with sodium carbonate. 
The average percentage of an "Oxy" product in the supermarket is 65% sodium percarbonate and 35% sodium carbonate. 
The "ultra boosters" seen on infomercials may contain as much as 80% sodium percarbonate. 
However, sodium percarbonate is less expensive in its pure form and can be adjusted to any percentage the user desires.
Sodium percarbonate is also used as a cleaning agent by many home brewers. 

Sodium percarbonate can be used in organic synthesis as a convenient source of anhydrous H2O2, in particular in solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but can leach the H2O2 out of Sodium percarbonate.
A method for generating trifluoroperacetic acid in situ for use in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations from sodium percarbonate and trifluoroacetic anhydride has been reported. 
Sodium percarbonate provides a convenient and cheap approach to this reagent without the need to obtain highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

USAGE AREA:

-As a bleach, cleaner, stain remover in laundry and dishwashing detergents
-As a stain remover in stain removing product compositions
-As a bleach in the textile and paper industry
-As a bleach and disinfectant in some food industry applications
-As a bleach in personal cleaning product formulations
-As a disinfectant in various industrial applications such as food, medicine and cosmetics

Benefits 
-No environmental hazards - breaks down to
oxygen, water and sodium carbonate (soda ash)
in your wash water.
-Color safe and fabric safe. It brightens colors
-Continual use will not cause yellowing or graying
of cotton fabric
-Effective stain removal in a broad range of water
temperatures
-Lengthens time between linen replacement
-Prevents fabric from becoming yellowed or
darkened
-Does not weaken the strength of fabrics like
chlorine bleach
-In the laundry Sodium Percarbonate is used to
destain, deodorize, and whiten. It is very
effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained
articles. 

Applications
-Laundry
- Making Solutions
-Carpet & Upholstery
-Carpet Machines
-Curtains & Sheers
-Wedding Dresses
-Kitchen Uses
-Coffee Pots
-Refrigerators
-Cutting Boards
-Bathroom
-Mildew Removal
-Wood Decks
-Brick
-Yard
-Household Cleaning
-Camping Equipment

Structure
At room temperature, solid sodium percarbonate has the orthorhombic crystal structure, with the Cmca crystallographic space group. 
The structure changes to Pbca as the crystals are cooled below about −30 °C.

PACKAGING:
Sodium    Percarbonate is    packed as 25kg bags, and 500, 1000kg PP woven bag with PE liner.

STORAGE    AND    HANDLING:
Store in a cool, dry and closed    area. 
Avoid contact with air, moisture,heat sources and direct sunlight.    
Moisture and heat exposure can cause active oxygen content reduction of    the product due to decomposition.

STORAGE
Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Cool. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

FIRE & EXPLOSION    
Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances.  Risk of fire and explosion. See Chemical Dangers.

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