SODIUM PERIODATE

Sodium Periodate is an inorganic iodine(VII) oxidizing salt, described here in its anhydrous sodium metaperiodate form, NaIO₄.
Sodium Periodate contains the tetrahedral metaperiodate anion and is chemically distinct from sodium orthoperiodate salts.
Sodium Periodate serves as a selective oxidation reagent in fine chemical synthesis, carbohydrate modification, analytical chemistry, and biomolecule labeling. 

CAS Number: 7790-28-5  
EC Number: 232-197-6  
Molecular Formula: NaIO₄  
Molecular Weight: 213.89 g/mol  

Synonyms: Sodium metaperiodate, Sodium m-periodate, Sodium tetraoxoiodate(VII), Sodium iodate(VII), Sodium tetraoxidoiodate(1−), Monosodium periodate, Periodic acid sodium salt, Metaperiodic acid sodium salt, Iodic(VII) acid sodium salt, Periodic acid (HIO₄) monosodium salt, NaIO₄, Anhydrous sodium periodate, Sodium periodate reagent, Sodium periodate ACS reagent, Sodium periodate for analysis, Sodium periodate oxidizing reagent, Malaprade oxidation reagent, Vicinal-diol cleavage reagent, Carbohydrate oxidation reagent, Glycoprotein oxidation reagent, CAS 7790-28-5, EC 232-197-6, PubChem CID 23667635, CHEBI:75226, MFCD00003534, UNII 98W4A29X43, DTXSID30894075, HSDB 7298, Reaxys 11343357, JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Sodium Periodate, Sodium Metaperiodate, Sodium Meta-Periodate, Sodium Meta Periodate, Sodium (Meta)Periodate, Sodium M-Periodate, Sodium-M-Periodate, Sodium Periodate Meta, Periodate Sodium, Metaperiodate, Monosodium Metaperiodate, Sodium Iodate(VII), Sodium Iodate (VII), Sodium Tetraoxoiodate(VII), Sodium Tetraoxoiodate (VII), Sodium Tetroxoiodate(VII), Sodium Tetroxoiodate (VII), Periodic Acid Sodium Salt, Periodic Acid Sodium Salt, Periodic Acid (HIO4) Sodium Salt, Periodic Acid (HIO4) Sodium Salt (1:1), Monosodium Salt of Periodic Acid, Sodium Salt of Metaperiodic Acid, NaIO4, INaO4, Na I O4, NaIO4 Compound, IONAM, Natriumperiodat, Natrium-Metaperiodat, Natriummetaperiodat, Natriummetaperjodat, Natriumtetroxoiodat(VII), CAS 7790-28-5, EC 232-197-6, EINECS 232-197-6, UNII 98W4A29X43, UNII-98W4A29X43, PubChem CID 23667635, CHEBI:75226, DTXSID30894075, DTXCID601324118, MFCD00003534, HSDB 7298, RefChem:931926, Nikkaji J44.039F, Wikidata Q281419, Sodium Periodate ACS, Sodium Periodate ACS Grade, Sodium Periodate ACS Reagent, Sodium Periodate Reagent Grade, Sodium Periodate Analytical Grade, Sodium Periodate AR Grade, Sodium Periodate for Analysis, Sodium Periodate ReagentPlus, Sodium Periodate Extra Pure, Sodium Periodate 99%, Sodium Periodate 99.8%, Sodium Periodate ≥99%, Sodium Periodate ≥99.8%, Sodium Periodate Granular, Sodium Periodate Granular ACS Reagent, Sodium Periodate 10 wt.% on Silica Gel

APPLICATIONS

Sodium Periodate functions as a selective oxidant for cleavage of suitable vicinal diols into aldehydes or ketones.
Sodium Periodate enables the Malaprade oxidation, in which adjacent hydroxyl-bearing carbon atoms undergo carbon–carbon bond cleavage.
Sodium Periodate provides a useful transformation for preparing carbonyl intermediates in fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis.
Sodium Periodate requires substrate-specific evaluation because molecular geometry and competing reactive groups influence selectivity and product distribution.

Sodium Periodate serves as a stoichiometric co-oxidant in selected transition-metal-mediated oxidation systems.
Sodium Periodate supports regeneration of active oxidizing species in established reactions involving catalysts such as osmium compounds.
Sodium Periodate participates in Lemieux–Johnson chemistry for oxidative conversion of suitable alkenes into carbonyl products.
Sodium Periodate contributes to these synthetic processes as a reagent, while pharmaceutical manufacturing suitability depends on the specified grade, process controls, and removal of residual inorganic species. 

Sodium Periodate supports selected oxidations beyond vicinal-diol cleavage, including conversion of sulfides into sulfoxides.
Sodium Periodate can oxidize suitable phenolic substrates to quinones under established reaction conditions.
Sodium Periodate also participates in documented transformations of organoselenium compounds and acylphosphoranes.
Sodium Periodate offers different selectivity across these substrate classes, so an application established for one functional group should not be generalized to all organic compounds. 

Sodium Periodate enables preparation of dialdehyde cellulose by oxidizing adjacent hydroxyl groups within accessible cellulose repeat units.
Sodium Periodate generates reactive aldehyde functionality through cleavage of the carbon–carbon bond between the relevant hydroxyl-bearing positions.
Sodium Periodate provides a chemical route to cellulose derivatives intended for subsequent coupling, crosslinking, or further oxidation.
Sodium Periodate modification depends on cellulose accessibility and crystallinity, which influence the extent and distribution of oxidation within the polymer. 

Sodium Periodate acts as an oxidizing reagent in the preparation of dialdehyde starch.
Sodium Periodate introduces aldehyde groups that change starch reactivity and permit interaction with suitable complementary functional groups.
Sodium Periodate-derived starch has been investigated for paper coatings and other materials where modified polysaccharides provide useful barrier or bonding properties.
Sodium Periodate use in developing food packaging materials requires assessment of the finished material, residual reagents, migration, and applicable food-contact requirements. 

Sodium Periodate supports chemical modification of selected polysaccharides, including alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronan.
Sodium Periodate creates reactive sites where accessible structural groups permit the required oxidation chemistry.
Sodium Periodate-treated polysaccharides provide intermediates for research into functional polymers, coupling systems, and crosslinked materials.
Sodium Periodate can alter polymer chain integrity as well as functional-group content, making molecular weight and material performance important considerations after oxidation. 

Sodium Periodate generates aldehyde groups from suitable carbohydrate residues on glycoproteins for subsequent conjugation.
Sodium Periodate supports labeling approaches in which the resulting aldehydes react with hydrazide- or aminooxy-containing reagents.
Sodium Periodate permits carbohydrate-directed biotinylation and related modification strategies that can reduce direct interference with other protein functional groups.
Sodium Periodate requires biomolecule-specific validation because glycosylation, oxidation sensitivity, and retention of biological activity vary between proteins.

Sodium Periodate serves as an analytical reagent in established glycerol determination methods.
Sodium Periodate oxidation produces measurable reaction products or a measurable decrease in the remaining oxidant, depending on the analytical method.
Sodium Periodate supports titrimetric, colorimetric, and selected instrumental approaches to quantifying suitable hydroxyl-containing analytes.
Sodium Periodate measurements require validated reaction selectivity, reagent checks, and appropriate blanks because other oxidizable components can interfere with the result. 

DESCRIPTION

Sodium Periodate is an ionic inorganic compound composed of sodium cations and metaperiodate anions.
Sodium Periodate contains iodine in the +7 oxidation state, which accounts for its capacity to accept electrons during oxidation reactions.
Sodium Periodate has the formula NaIO₄ and a formula mass of 213.89 g/mol for the anhydrous metaperiodate form.
Sodium Periodate should be distinguished from sodium iodate, NaIO₃, and sodium orthoperiodate salts, which have different compositions and chemical behavior. 

Sodium Periodate normally appears as a white crystalline solid or crystalline powder.
Sodium Periodate is odorless and has a representative solid density of approximately 3.87 g/cm³ near room temperature.
Sodium Periodate dissolves in water to form solutions whose properties depend on concentration and solution conditions.
Sodium Periodate produces mildly acidic solutions in representative commercial specifications, although solution pH must always be stated with its concentration and temperature. 

Sodium Periodate exhibits selective oxidation of suitable adjacent hydroxyl groups through chemistry involving a cyclic periodate intermediate.
Sodium Periodate cleaves the corresponding carbon–carbon bond when substrate structure allows the required arrangement of reactive groups.
Sodium Periodate is consumed during this oxidation and is commonly reduced to iodate rather than functioning as a catalyst by itself.
Sodium Periodate reaction behavior in aqueous media depends on pH, substrate accessibility, and the surrounding chemical environment. [ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00161?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Sodium Periodate remains stable under recommended ambient storage conditions when isolated from incompatible substances.
Sodium Periodate is described as hygroscopic and light sensitive in current safety documentation, making moisture and light protection relevant to storage.
Sodium Periodate decomposes on strong heating rather than providing a straightforward normal boiling point.
Sodium Periodate commercial grades differ in assay, impurity limits, and physical form, so analytical and synthesis requirements should be matched to the actual specification.

Sodium Periodate is a strong oxidizer capable of intensifying combustion and causing dangerous reactions with combustible contamination.
Sodium Periodate is classified as corrosive to skin and damaging to eyes in representative current supplier safety documentation.
Sodium Periodate can damage the thyroid through prolonged or repeated exposure and is classified as very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects in those documents.
Sodium Periodate workplace labeling and transport arrangements must follow the current regional SDS for the supplied grade.

PROPERTIES

Product Name: Sodium Periodate  
Common Name: Sodium metaperiodate  
IUPAC Name: Sodium periodate  
Alternative Systematic Name: Sodium tetraoxoiodate(VII)  
Chemical Family: Inorganic iodine oxysalts  
Functional Class: Oxidizing reagent  
CAS Number: 7790-28-5  
EC Number: 232-197-6  
PubChem CID: 23667635  
ChEBI Identifier: CHEBI:75226  
UNII: 98W4A29X43  
DSSTox Identifier: DTXSID30894075  
InChIKey: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M  
Molecular Formula: NaIO₄  
Molecular Weight: 213.89 g/mol  
SMILES: [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O  
Iodine Oxidation State: +7  
Physical State: Solid  
Appearance: White crystals or crystalline powder  
Odor: Odorless  
Purity: Grade and manufacturer dependent; assay and impurity limits require the applicable specification  
Representative Density: Approximately 3.87 g/cm³ at 20°C  
Representative Water Solubility: Approximately 91 g/L at 20°C in a reported standardized determination  
Representative Solution pH: 3.5–4.5 at 50 g/L and 25°C  
Thermal Behavior: Decomposes on strong heating; reported thermal transition values approximately 270–300°C, depending on source and method  
Boiling Point: Not applicable as a normal boiling property; thermal decomposition occurs  
Flash Point: Not applicable  
Primary Functions: Selective oxidation, carbohydrate modification, and analytical oxidation  
Shelf Life: Grade, purity, packaging, storage conditions, and manufacturer dependent
Representative GHS Classification: Oxidizing Solid Category 1; Skin Corrosion Category 1C; Serious Eye Damage Category 1; Specific Target Organ Toxicity—Repeated Exposure Category 1; Aquatic Acute Category 1; Aquatic Chronic Category 1  
Signal Word: Danger  
Principal Hazard Statements: H271, H314, H372, H410  
Target Organ for Repeated Exposure: Thyroid  
Environmental Hazard: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects  
Incompatible Materials: Combustible and readily oxidizable materials; reducing agents  
Storage Protection: Moisture, light, heat, and combustible contamination  
Regulatory Suitability: Grade and application dependent; use as a synthesis reagent does not establish suitability for direct food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or medical exposure  

Transport Classification: Current supplier SDS listings include UN 3085, Oxidizing solid, corrosive, n.o.s.  
Transport Class: 5.1, with subsidiary hazard 8 under the cited UN 3085 classification  
Packing Group: I under the cited UN 3085 classification  
Transport Qualification: Some supplier documents list UN 1479 instead; confirm the classification applicable to the actual shipment. 

FIRST AID

Inhalation:

Move the person to fresh air and seek immediate medical attention.
Breathing assistance should be provided by trained personnel using suitable equipment.

Skin Contact:

Immediately rinse affected skin and contaminated clothing with plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing carefully and continue washing for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain urgent medical attention.

Eye Contact:

Immediately rinse with flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if easily possible and continue rinsing.
Obtain urgent medical or ophthalmological attention.

Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth and immediately contact a poison information service or physician.
Do not induce vomiting or attempt chemical neutralization.

Note to Physicians:

Treat symptomatically, considering corrosive injury and the potential for gastrointestinal damage following ingestion.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Prevent dust formation, inhalation, and skin or eye contact.
Use clean equipment and prevent contamination with combustible materials.
Wash thoroughly after handling.

Engineering Controls:

Use enclosed handling or effective local exhaust where dust may be released.
Provide emergency eyewash and safety shower facilities.

Personal Protection:

Wear suitable chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and tightly fitting goggles.
Use a face shield where splashing is possible.

Respiratory Protection:

Use suitable particulate respiratory protection when dust exposure cannot be adequately controlled, following the workplace respiratory protection program.

Storage:

Keep tightly closed, protected from moisture and light, in a cool area reserved for oxidizers.
Restrict access and separate from heat and ignition sources. 

Material Compatibility:

Segregate from reducing agents, organic chemicals, oils, paper, wood, and other combustible materials.

Spill Procedures:

Isolate the area and avoid generating dust.
Trained personnel should collect spills with compatible equipment.
Do not use sawdust or other combustible absorbents.

Environmental Precautions:

Prevent discharge to drains, soil, groundwater, and surface water.

Fire Response:

Sodium Periodate is not combustible but promotes combustion.
Evacuate major incidents and allow trained firefighters to respond with suitable extinguishing media, protective equipment, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

Waste Disposal:

Collect residues and contaminated packaging as chemical waste.
Use an authorized disposal service and keep oxidizer waste separate from incompatible waste streams.