SODIUM PEROXODISULPHATE

sodium persulphate =disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate = sodium peroxydisulphate

CAS7775-27-1
Molecular Formula: Na2O8S2
Molecular Weight (g/mol):238.092
MDL Number: MFCD00003501
InChI Key: CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID62655
IUPAC Name disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Sodium persulfate is the chemical compound with the formula Na2S2O8, the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid. 
sodium peroxydisulphate is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.
Sodium persulfate is preferred by many chemists over other persulfate salts, as it has good solubility in water and long shelf-life, while also having better performance than other persulfate salts.
Sodium persulfate (disodium peroxodisulfate, brief SPS), a stable salt of peroxodisulfuric acid, is a strong, yet easy to dose oxidant and an excellent radical source in aqueous media. 
Due to its high purity and low moisture content, SPS from is storage-stable and can be handled safely. 
Occasionally, SPS tends to form lumps or cake when stored under ambient conditions. 
This behavior can be suppressed by small amounts of special silica additives. 
Sodium persulfate is highly water-soluble. 
Aqueous solutions react slightly acidic and are less storage-stable than the anhydrous solid.
In consequence of disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate's high oxidation potential, SPS can decompose when subjected to adverse conditions. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate is not flammable, but oxidizing.

Specifications
Assay Percent Range: 98%
Solubility Information: Soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 238.1
Physical Form: Crystalline
Density: 2.40 g/mL
Quantity: 1kg
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium peroxydisulfate

Sodium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. 
Very irritating to skin and eyes. 
May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent.
Sodium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate is a white solid that dissolves in water. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate's crystal structure, which is isostructural with that of potassium peroxodisulfate.

The intra­molecular S—O distances and O—S—O bond angles for the peroxodisulfate dianion are very simlar to those reported for the potassium analogue. 
However, the cation environments for the two analogues are quite different. 
In potassium peroxodisulfate, the K+ cations are coordinated by nine O atoms with inter­atomic distances ranging from 2.751 to 3.34 Å. 
For sodium peroxo­disulfate, the Na+ cations are coordinated by six O atoms, with Na—O inter­atomic distances between 2.340 and 2.596 Å. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate is inter­esting to note that in the sodium analogue, the O atom involved in the intra­molecular peroxo bond, O1, is not involved in the cation coordinate environment, although it does exhibit the shortest Na—O distance outside this range.
The K1—O1 distance in the potassium analogue is of an inter­mediate length compared with the other O atoms defining the coordination environment. 
The overall effect of the Na—O coordination environment in sodium peroxodisulfate is the formation of a three-dimensional network. 
The Na+ cations form layers of distorted edge-sharing octa­hedra, while the tetra­hedra formed by each end of the dianions form corner-sharing bridges between the layers.
Perhaps the most striking difference between the two structures concerns the S⋯O intra­molecular contact distances. 
Within the layers, neighbouring anions are aligned end-to-end so that pairs of relatively short S⋯O contacts are formed. 
In the sodium analogue these contacts are extremely short, while in the crystal structure of the potassium analogue these contacts are significantly longer .
Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates. 
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. 
Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. 
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. 
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells. 
Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.  
Typical and custom packaging is available. 

Applications
Sodium persulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent
Sodium peroxydisulphate is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 
Also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Other uses
Sodium peroxydisulphate is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.
Sodium peroxydisulphate is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Organic chemistry
Sodium persulfate is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator.

Industry Uses    
Bleaching agents
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizers
Plating agents and surface treating agents

Consumer Uses    
Electrical and electronic products
Fuels and related products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Paints and coatings
Personal care products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
Water treatment products

Household Products    
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products

Personal Care
Sodium peroxydisulphate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate  is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals. 
Disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate  is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for eg. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate  is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Sodium persulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent. 
Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate  is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions. 
Sodium persulfate has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.

Uses
Polymerization
Sodium peroxydisulphate is used as initiator for the polymerization of monomers and as a strong oxidizing agent in many application. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate has the particular advantage of being almost non-hygroscopic, of having a particularly good storage stability and of being easy and safe to handle.

PCB Etching/Surface preparation 
The oxidation power of persulfates is used to clean and microetch a variety of printed circuit board substrates. 
Persulfates are important oxidants in plating and coating processes. They are also etchants for nickel, titanium, and zink alloys. 
Persulfates are used to clean and mill aluminum, brass, copper, and many other metal surfaces prior to plating or adhesive bonding.

Radical Initiator 
Sodium peroxydisulphate is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Soil stabilization  
Ammonium persulfate is used as a curing agent in chemical grout systems used to stabilize soil near dams, tunnels, and buildings.

Hair Cosmetics 
It is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component.
Sodium Persulfate are safe as used as oxidizing agents in hair colorants and lighteners designed for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the hair and skin.

Oil and Gas Production
Breaker; Allows a delayed breakdown of the gel in Drilling Muds.Oil fracturing additives,  Drilling Fluid Additives. 
In enhanced oil recovery, persulfates are used "down hole" for gel forming and breaking.

Textiles 
De-slurry and bleach - especially for low-temperature bleaching.

Others
Sodium peroxydisulphate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.

Conditions/substances to avoid mixing persulfates with are:
moisture, heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, reducing agents, organic material, sodium peroxide, water, aluminum and powdered metals.

Application 
Sodium persulfate is an oxidizing persulfate salt that is used as a detergent component, as an etchant in printed circuit boards, and as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions of styrene based monomers. 
Sodium persulfate also has some application as a standalone bleach in cosmetics, particularly for hair.

Compatibility: 
Sodium persulfate is incompatible with acids, alkalis, halides, combustible materials, most metals and heavy metals, oxidizable materials, other oxidizers, reducing agents, cleaners, and organic or carbon containing compounds. 

Production
The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium hydrogen sulfate:
Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.
In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.
The standard redox potential of sodium persulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V). 
The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.
However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical). 
Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives to the conventional platinum electrodes.

Computed Properties    

Molecular Weight    238.11    
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count    0    
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count    8    
Rotatable Bond Count    1    
Exact Mass    237.88299787    
Monoisotopic Mass    237.88299787    
Topological Polar Surface Area    150 Ų    
Heavy Atom Count    12    
Formal Charge    0    
Complexity    206    
Isotope Atom Count    0    
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count    0    
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count    
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count    0    
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count    
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count    3    
Compound Is Canonicalized    Yes    
PubChem

Physicochemical properties
Sodium persulfate is a white colorless, odorless crystal, or powder with a density of 2.4g/cm 3 , which is decomposed by ethanol and has good stability at room temperature. 
Often used as a strong oxidant, Sodium peroxydisulphate can also act as a monomer polymerization initiator. 
Sodium persulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent. 
Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes, BTEXs and trichloroethanes. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate  is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions. 
Sodium persulfate has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate Absorbs little moisture, is easy to store, and is easy to use and safe.

Storage
Sodium persulfate is not flammable, but Sodium peroxydisulphate can help to release odor due to the release of oxygen. 
When stored, Sodium peroxydisulphate must be stored in a dry, airtight container, away from direct sunlight and near heat sources. 
Do not come in contact with reducing substances such as organic matter, iron rust, and trace metals to prevent decomposition and explosion of sodium persulfate. 
Due to the bleaching and slight corrosive effects of wet sodium persulfate powders and their aqueous solutions, eye, skin and clothing are avoided from direct contact during use.

CAS Number: 7775-27-1
Formula: O8-S2.2Na
Major Category: Other Classes
Inorganic Oxidizing Agents
Description
White, solid;  Hygroscopic;  White odorless crystalline solid;

Description
Catalogue Number    106609
Replaces    SX0703; SX0703-1
Synonyms    Sodium persulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid disodium salt
Product Information
CAS number    7775-27-1
EC number    231-892-1
Hill Formula    Na₂O₈S₂
Chemical formula    Na₂S₂O₈
Molar Mass    238.11 g/mol
HS Code    2833 40 00
Quality Level    MQ300
Physicochemical Information
Density    1.2 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pH value    3.5 - 3.8 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure    <0.0001 hPa
Bulk density    1150 kg/m3
Solubility    545 g/l

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION
Physical State; Appearance
WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER. 

Formula: Na2S2O8
Molecular mass: 238.1
Decomposes at 180°C
Density: 1.1 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 55.6  

Sodium Persulfate Properties (Theoretical)
Compound Formula    Na2S2O8
Molecular Weight    238.1
Appearance    White crystals and fragments
Melting Point    N/A
Boiling Point    N/A
Density    2.4 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O    N/A
Exact Mass    237.882998
Monoisotopic Mass    237.882998

Nature
sodium persulfate is white crystalline or powder. 
Easy deliquescence, in the humid air can gradually decompose, high temperature can accelerate the decomposition, release oxygen and become sodium pyrosulfate. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate is soluble in water, 20 ° C aqueous solution of 549G/L. The aqueous solution was acidic. 
Sodium peroxydisulphate can be decomposed by alcohol and silver ions.

Preparation Method
Sodium peroxydisulphate is prepared by metathesis reaction of ammonium persulfate with sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid.

Use
It is used as a gel breaker, a battery depolarizer and an organic polymer emulsion polymerization initiator for oil well fracturing fluid. 
Photographic industry for film development, fixer I textile industry used as a Desizing agent, vat dye coloring agent. 
It can also be used as a waste liquid treatment agent, a metal surface treatment agent, an etchant for a printed circuit board, and the like.

Sodium peroxydisulfate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rabbit intravenous injection of MLD: 178mg/kg. Contact with organic matter, combustible or easy to oxide combustion, and can combustion, contribute to the fire, severe or even explosion. The dust irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory system. It is prohibited to store and mix with flammable, reducing and organic substances.

Properties
Descriptions
Safety Info.
Basic Data
anion traces    chloride (Cl-): <0.05%
assay    ≥99%
InChI    1S/2Na.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2
InChI key    CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
product line    BioXtra
Quality Level    100 External link
reaction suitability    reagent type: oxidant
SMILES string    [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O
solubility    H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

Product Detail 
Glentham CodeGK5993
CAS RN7775-27-1
EC Number231-892-1
MDL NumberMFCD00003501
PubChem Substance ID310280145
Storage Temperature+20°C
Shipping TemperatureAmbient
Harmonised Tariff Code28334000

Product Description
Catalogue NumberS665900
Chemical NameSodium Persulfate
CAS Number7775-27-1
Alternate CAS #Deleted CAS: 872981-99-2
Molecular FormulaNa₂O₈S₂
AppearanceWhite to Off-White Solid
Melting Point>300°C
Molecular Weight238.10
StorageHygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
Solubility Water: (Slightly)
Stability:Hygroscopic

Sodium persulfate Properties
Melting point:100 °C
Density: 2,4 g/cm3
storage temp. Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Solid
Specific Gravity: 2.4
color White to yellow
Odor:Odorless
PH Range: 2.5 - 4.0
Water Solubility: 550 g/L (20 ºC)
Stability: Stability Unstable.  
Strong oxidizer. Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 
Incompatible with combustible material, strong reducing agents, strong bases, alcohols, aluminium, magnesium. 
Protect from moisture.
InChIKeyCHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact SubstancesSODIUM PERSULFATE
CAS DataBase Reference7775-27-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR175.105; 176.170
EWG's Food Scores2-5
FDA UNIIJ49FYF16JE
EPA Substance Registry System

SPECIFICATIONS

Boiling Point :  Approximately 100°C
Chem Quantity:  20L
Chemical: 20L
Color :  Colorless liquid
Composition: Water 91%, Sodium Persulfate 9%
Concentration : 0.4M
DOT :UN3216, PERSULFATES, INORGANIC, AQUEOUS SOLUTION, N.O.S. (SODIUM PERSULFATE), 5.1, P.G. III
Density  :  1.1
Melting Point : 0°C
Packaging Type :  Winpak
Physical State : Liquid
Shelf Life: 3 Months
Size :  20L
Solubility Information  : Miscible
Storage : Ambient

Handling
Safety
Sodium persulfate is an oxidizer and forms combustible mixtures with organic materials such as paper.

Storage
In closed plastic or glass bottles.

Disposal
Can be neutralized by heating it, which causes it to decompose.

First aid measures
Description of first-aid measures
General advice
First aiders need to protect themselves. 
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air. 
Call in physician.
In case of skin contact
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with water/ shower. 
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. 
Remove contact lenses.
If swallowed
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available
Firefighting measures
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Sulfur oxides
Sodium oxides
Not combustible.
Has a fire-promoting effect due to release of oxygen.

Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
Advice on safe handling
Work under hood. 
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Advice on protection against fire and explosion
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Hygiene measures
Immediately change contaminated clothing. 
Apply preventive skin protection. 
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons. 
Do not store near combustible materials.

Alternative Names
Sodium persulfate
7775-27-1
Sodium peroxydisulfate
Sodium peroxodisulfate
Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt
sodium persulphate
UNII-J49FYF16JE
disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
MFCD00003501
J49FYF16JE
DSSTox_CID_9698
Disodium peroxodisulphate
DSSTox_RID_78813
DSSTox_GSID_29698
CAS-7775-27-1
Persulfate de sodium
Persulfate de sodium [French]
Sodium peroxydisulphate
EINECS 231-892-1
UN1505
Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2)
Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), sodium salt (1:2)Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt
sodium peroxidisulfate
Sodium peroxy disulfate
Na2S2O8
EC 231-892-1
NaPS、SPS、Sodium peroxydisulfate、
Sodium peroxydisulfate、
Persulfate de sodium、Na2s2o8、
Natrium Persulfate、