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CAS Number: 12058-66-1
Synonyms: Disodium tin trioxide; Sodium stannate anhydrous; Stannic acid disodium salt; Sodium tin(IV) oxide; Sodium stannate(IV); Tin sodium trioxide
Chemical Identity and Properties:
Sodium stannate is an inorganic tin compound with the molecular formula Na₂SnO₃ or alternatively represented as Na₂O·SnO₂. It has a molecular weight of approximately 212.69 g/mol. In its pure anhydrous form, it appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder or granular solid. It is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohols and most organic solvents. When dissolved in water, it forms an alkaline solution due to hydrolysis. The compound is typically available in both anhydrous and hydrated forms (often trihydrate, Na₂SnO₃·3H₂O), with the hydrated form being more common in commercial applications.
Manufacturing Process:
Sodium stannate is produced industrially by dissolving tin metal or tin oxide (SnO₂) in molten sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at elevated temperatures, followed by crystallization. The reaction involves the formation of the stannate ion (SnO₃²⁻) under strongly alkaline conditions. Alternatively, it can be produced by the reaction of stannic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Applications:
Electroplating: Sodium stannate is the primary tin source in alkaline tin plating baths, where it serves as the electrolyte for depositing pure tin coatings on metals such as copper, brass, and steel. The alkaline bath provides excellent throwing power and produces bright, corrosion-resistant coatings.
Ceramics and Glass Industry: It functions as an opacifier and stabilizer in ceramic glazes and glass formulations, contributing to opacity and improving mechanical strength.
Cosmetics: In personal care products, it acts as a viscosity stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor in emulsions, particularly in creams, lotions, and makeup formulations.
Textile Industry: Used as a weighting agent for silk and as a mordant in dyeing processes to enhance color fastness.
Catalyst and Stabilizer: Employed as a stabilizer in hydrogen peroxide solutions to prevent decomposition, and as a catalyst in certain organic synthesis reactions.
Safety and Handling:
Sodium stannate is classified as a corrosive substance. It causes severe skin burns and eye damage (H314). Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory tract irritation. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to dermatitis. When handling, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and dust masks should be used. In case of skin contact, immediate rinsing with copious amounts of water is required. It is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms and should not be released into waterways.
Storage and Stability:
The compound is stable under normal conditions but should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers. It is hygroscopic and may absorb moisture from the air, leading to caking. Incompatible with strong acids (reacts to release toxic tin fumes) and strong oxidizing agents.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM STANNATE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
