Quick Search

PRODUCTS

STANNOUS CHLORIDE

CAS NUMBER: 7772-99-8

EC NUMBER: 231-868-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: SnCl2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 189.61

 

Stannous chloride is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. 
Stannous chloride forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. 

Stannous chloride is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. 
Stannous chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

Stannous chloride has a lone pair of electrons, such that the molecule in the gas phase is bent. 
In the solid state, crystalline Stannous chloride forms chains linked via chloride bridges as shown. 

Stannous chloride is also three-coordinate, with one water coordinated on to the tin, and a second water coordinated to the first. 
The main part of the molecule stacks into double layers in the crystal lattice, with the "second" water sandwiched between the layers.

Therefore, if clear solutions of Stannous chloride are to be used, it must be dissolved in hydrochloric acid (typically of the same or greater molarity as the stannous chloride) to maintain the equilibrium towards the left-hand side.
Solutions of Stannous chloride can also serve simply as a source of Sn2+ ions, which can form other tin(II) compounds via precipitation reactions. 

Most of these complexes are pyramidal, and since complexes such as Stannous chloride have a full octet, there is little tendency to add more than one ligand. 
The lone pair of electrons in such complexes is available for bonding, however, and therefore the complex itself can act as a Lewis base or ligand. 

The water then carefully evaporated from the acidic solution to produce crystals of Stannous chloride. 
Stannous chloride can be dehydrated to anhydrous using acetic anhydride.

Stannous chloride also reduces quinones to hydroquinones.
Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive with E number E512 to some canned and bottled foods, where it serves as a color-retention agent and antioxidant.

Stannous chloride is used in radionuclide angiography to reduce the radioactive agent technetium-99m-pertechnetate to assist in binding to blood cells.
Aqueous stannous chloride is used by many precious metals refining hobbyists and professionals as an indicator of gold and platinum group metals in solutions.

Molten Stannous chloride can be oxidised to form highly crystalline SnO2 nanostructures.
Stannous chloride, solid appears as crystalline mass or flaky solid with a fatty appearance. 

Density 3.95 g / cm3. 
Melting point 247°C. 

Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. 
Used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals and as a tanning agent.

Stannous chloride is a very strong reducing agent that absorbs oxygen from the air. 
The colorless crystalline solid or the white powder is severely irritating and corrosive, and reacts with alcohols, amines, alkalies, and oxidizers, sometimes with violence; the reaction with hydrogen peroxide is strongly exothermic, even in solution. 

As a food preservative, Stannous chloride can be added to canned asparagus packed in glass containers in a quantity not exceeding 15 μg g−1 calculated as tin (Sn), but up to 20 μg g−1 can be present if the container lid is lined with an inert material. 
Stannous chloride is also used as a stabilizer for colors and perfumes in soaps, and as a reducing agent in many other industrial applications.

Stannous chloride is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. 
Stannous chloride forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. 

Stannous chloride is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. 
Stannous chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

Also known as Stannous chloride, tin crystals, tin dichloride and tin salts, SnCl2 is white crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies, oxidized in air to the oxychloride, that melt at 247°C. 
Used as a chemical intermediate, reducing agent, and ink-stain remover, and for silvering mirrors.

Synthesis of Stannous chloride was accomplished with this reagent. 
Stannous chlorides exhibit reversible oxidation only at the conjugated ring system, not at the metal center.

Stannous chloride is a strong reducing agent and is used in many industrial processes, such as manufacturing dyes, phosphors, and polymers. 
Stannous chloride is a major ingredient in acid tin plating baths. 

Other uses are a mordant in dyeing; an additive to lubricating oil to prevent sludging; a stablizier for perfume in soaps; in removing ink stains; a sensitizing agent for glass, paper, and plastics; and a soldering flux. 
Stannous chloride is used for preparing a number of tin(II) salts. 

Stannous chloride is a catalyst in many organic reactions. 
Stannous chloride is a common laboratory reagent.

Stannous Chloride is an antioxidant and preservative that exists as white or colorless crystals, being very soluble in water. 
Stannous chloride reacts read- ily with oxygen, preventing its combination with chemicals and foods which would otherwise result in discoloration and undesirable odors. 

Stannous chloride is used for color retention in asparagus at less than 20 ppm. 
Stannous chloride is also used in carbonated drinks.

Crystalline mass or flaky solid with a fatty appearance. 
Density 3.95 g / cm3. 

Melting point 247°C. 
Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. 

Used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals and as a tanning agent.
Stannous chloride can be used as a reducing agent, mordant, bleaching agent and for tin plating in the electroplating industry.

Stannous chloride dihydrate can be used for the colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic and molybdenum, being also be used as a reducing agent and mordant
Stannous chloride is mainly used in acidic tin plating as major salt. 

Stannous chloride is in bivalent in the bath with high efficiency cathode. 
The general usage amount is 40~60 kg/L. 

Stannous chloride can also be used for glass mirror industry, as silver nitrate sensitizer to enable excellent coating brightness. 
Addition of the plating layer of this product during the ABS electroplating is not easy to fall off.

Stannous chloride dihydrate can be used as the reducing agents in the manufacture of dyestuff intermediates. 
Stannous chloride can act as the components of super high pressure lubricating oil. 

Stannous chloride can be used as a bleaching agent for the sensitization of the mercury-plating during the manufacturing of mirror, enables excellent brightness of the formed silver film so that the combination of mercury and products is quite firm. 
Electroplating industry applied Stannous chloride for the tin-plating, copper-tin plating of the mechanical parts. 

During the ABS plastic plating, Stannous chloride is used for sensitization so that the coating is not easy to fall off. 
Stannous chloride can also be used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, as the catalyst in organic synthesis and the activator of the butyl rubber vulcanization. 

Stannous chloride can also be used as the mordant and the anti-dyeing agent in printing discharge process. 
Stannous chloride can be used as the stabilizers for perfumery industry, as food reductant and antioxidants used for canned asparagus, pineapple juice.

Stannous chloride can be used as analysis reagents and reducing agent. 
Stannous chloride can also be used as the reductant for the production of dye intermediates; it can also be used for electroplating; as brightening agent during galvanized silver plating and plastic plate plating; as perfume stabilizer, bleach, stabilizing soap aroma; oil anti-fouling agent; raw material for organic synthesis; the raw material of herbicide Oxadiazon.

Stannous chloride is a kind of strong reducing agent. 
Stannous chloride can be used for the determination of hydride via AAS; colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic and molybdenum; determination of serum inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity, molybdenum blue method for the determination of soil and plant phosphorus content; the catalyst of the organic reaction.

As a strong reducing agent, Stannous chloride is used for carbonyl allylation reaction; as the Lewis acid catalyst in a C-C bond reaction; the catalyst for the co-acting with AgClO4 for the synthesis of α-glycosides, the synthesis of such olefins, diolefins, cis-vinyl ethylene oxide and allyl selenide and de-oxidation of internal peroxides; used for the protection of carboxylic acids in the presence of 1,3-dithianes and selective methoxybenzyl ether scavenging reagents; the additives in hydroformylation and carbonylation reactions.
Stannous chloride appears as colorless or white monoclinic crystal, being soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone and glacial acetic acid.

Stannous chloride is used as a sensitizing agent in preparing glass and plastic for metalizing. 
Stannous chloride serves as a potent reducing agent. Other uses of stannous chloride are tin electroplating baths, corrosion inhibitors, polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, soldering flux, antioxidant, tanning agent and pharmaceuticals.

Stannous chloride is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. 
Stannous chloride is soluble in cold water,alcohol,carbon disulfide, and oil of turpentine, that is decomposed by hot water to form hydrochloric acid with the evolution of heat. 

Stannous chloride is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used as a conductive coating and a sugar bleach,and in drugs, ceramics, soaps,and blue printing.

Stannous chloride appears as white crystals with a strong pungent chlorine odour. 
On heating, Stannous chloride decomposition emits acrid fumes. 

At room temperature, Stannous chloride is colourless and releases fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odour. 
Stannous chloride is also used in the glass container industry for making an external coating that toughens the glass. 

Stannic chloride is used in chemical reactions with fuming (90%) nitric acid for the selective nitration of activated aromatic rings in the presence of unactivated ones. 
Stannous chloride reacts violently with water or moist air to produce corrosive hydrogen chloride. 

Stannous chloride reacts with turpentine, alcohols, and amines, causing fire and explosion hazard. 
Stannous chloride attacks many metals, some forms of plastic, rubber, and coatings.

Stannous chloride is a precursor to prepare organotin compounds such as tetralkyltin and dialkyldichlorotin(IV), which find applications as catalysts and polymer stabilizers. 
As a Lewis acid catalyst, Stannous chloride is used in Fridel-Crafts reactions for alkylation and cyclization. 
Stannous chloride is used to prepare tin(IV) oxide coating by sol-gel process.

 


USES:

A solution of Stannous chloride containing a little hydrochloric acid is used for the tin-plating of steel, in order to make tin cans. 
An electric potential is applied, and tin metal is formed at the cathode via electrolysis.

Stannous chloride is used as a mordant in textile dyeing because it gives brighter colours with some dyes e.g. cochineal. 
Stannous chloride has also been used alone to increase the weight of silk.

In recent years, an increasing number of tooth paste brands has been adding Stannous chloride as protection against enamel erosion to their formula.
Stannous chloride is used as a catalyst in the production of the plastic polylactic acid (PLA).

Stannous chloride also finds a use as a catalyst between acetone and hydrogen peroxide to form the tetrameric form of acetone peroxide.
A related reduction was traditionally used as an analytical test for Hg2+ (aq). 

Stannous chloride is added dropwise into a solution of mercury(II) chloride, a white precipitate of mercury(I) chloride is first formed; as more SnCl2 is added this turns black as metallic mercury is formed. 
Stannous chloride can be used to test for the presence of gold compounds. 

Stannous chloride turns bright purple in the presence of gold.
When mercury is analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, a cold vapor method must be used, and Stannous chlorideis typically used as the reductant.

Stannous chloride is mainly used in the Stephen reduction, whereby a nitrile is reduced to an imine which is easily hydrolysed to an aldehyde.
The reaction usually works best with aromatic nitriles Aryl-CN. 
A related reaction starts with an amide, which is treated with PCl5 to form the imidoyl chloride salt.

 


APPLICATION:

-Antioxidant

-colorant

-stabilizer

 

PROPERTIES:

-Physical Form (at 20°C): Colorless crystals

-Melting Point: 37-38°C

-Boiling Point: 652°C

-Density: 2.71

-Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place

 


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 623 °C (1013 hPa) (anhydrous substance)

-Density: 2.71 g/cm3 (20 °C)

-Melting Point: 38 °C (anhydrous substance)

-pH value: 1 - 2 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)

-Bulk density: 1250 kg/m3

-Solubility: 1187 g/l

 


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

White orthogonal crystal; density 3.90 g/cm3; melts at 247°C; vaporizes at 623°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 316°C, 5 torr at 366°C and 20 torr at 420°C; soluble in water, ethanol, acetone and ether; insoluble in xylene and mineral spirits.
Stannous chloride is a white monoclinic crystalline substance; density 2.71 g/cm3; absorbs oxygen from air forming an oxychloride; melts at 37°C on rapid heating; decomposes on strong heating; very soluble in water; forms an insoluble basic salt with excess water; very soluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in caustic soda solution, ethanol and ethyl acetate.

 

 

SYNONYM:

7772-99-8
Dichlorotin
Tin(II) chloride
Tin dichloride
Stannous dichloride
Tin chloride (SnCl2)
SnCl2
MFCD00011241
Tin(II)Chloride
Uniston CR-HT 200
Anhydrous stannous chloride
Tin(II) chloride, anhydrous
CCRIS 560
Tin(II) chloride (1:2)
HSDB 582
tin(II) choride
tin(II)dichloride
NCI-C02722
tin (II)chloride
tin(II)-chloride
EINECS 231-868-0
tin(11) chloride
tin-(II) chloride
tin-(II)-chloride
tine (II) chloride
tin (11) chloride
tin (II) dichloride
tin-(II) dichloride
tin (II ) chloride
CI 77864
AI3-51686
C.I. 77864
Tin(II) chloride, ultra dry
7772-99-8(anhydrous)
Tin(II) chloride, p.a., 97%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • Share !
E-NEWSLETTER