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Stannous chloride, chemically known as tin(II) chloride, is a white crystalline inorganic compound.
It is widely recognized as a powerful reducing agent in laboratory experiments and various industrial chemical processes.
Additionally, this compound plays a significant role in electroplating baths for tin coatings and serves as an antioxidant or color-retention agent in the food industry.
CAS: 7772-99-8
MF: Cl2Sn
MW: 189.62
EINECS: 231-868-0
Product Categories: Crystal Grade Inorganics;Tin Salts;metal halide;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Materials Science;Inorganic Chemicals;Inorganics;Metal and Ceramic Science;Salts;Tin;KT00001
Mol File: 7772-99-8.mol
Stannous chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2.
Stannous chloride forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot.
SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating.
Stannous chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).
Stannous chloride Basic information:
Product Name: Stannous chloride
Synonyms: Anhydrous stannous chloride;C.I. 77864;c.i.77864;STANNOUS CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS, 99.99 percent;tin atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g sn;tin(ii) chloride solution;tin(ii) chloride, ultra dry;STANNOUSCHLORIDE,ANHYDROUS,REAGENT
Stannous chloride Chemical Properties:
Melting point: 246 C(lit.)
Boiling point: 652 C(lit.)
density: 3.95
vapor pressure:0Pa at 20C
Fp:652C
storage temp.:Store below plus 30C.
solubility:H2O: soluble
form:powder
color:White
Specific Gravity: 3.95
PH: 2.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20C)
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: Soluble in water, alkalies, alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate and acetone.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive and Hygroscopic
Crystal Structure:PbCl2 type
crystal system: Nogata
Merck: 14,8783
Space group: Pnma
Lattice constant:
a/nm b/nm c/nm alpha/o beta/o gamma/o V/nm3
0.779 0.443 0.921 90 90 90 0.318
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 2 mg/m3
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, reactive metals, hydrogen peroxide, water.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: REDUCING
InChI: 1S/2ClH.Sn/h2*1H;/q;; plus 2/p-2
InChIKey: AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: -2.15 at 20C
CAS DataBase Reference: 7772-99-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tin dichloride (7772-99-8)
Safety Information:
Hazard Codes: C,Xi,N
Risk Statements: 22-34-36/37/38-37-68-50/53-48/22-43-20-63
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61-60-53
RIDADR: UN 3260 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: XP8700000
TSCA: TSCA listed
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
HS Code: 28273990
Storage Class: 8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials
Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation,Acute Tox. 4 Oral,Aquatic Chronic 3,Eye Dam. 1,Met. Corr. 1,Skin Corr. 1B,Skin Sens. 1,STOT RE 2 Oral,STOT SE 3
Hazardous Substances Data: 7772-99-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity: LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 1710.0, 2000.0 orally; 271.0, 316.0 i.p.; 34.8, 43.0 i.v. (Singh, Junnarkar)
Stannous chloride Usage And Synthesis:
Chemical Properties: Stannous chloride is a white crystalline solid.
Chemical Properties: Also known as tin chloride, tin crystals, tin dichloride and tin salts, SnCl2 is white crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies, oxidized in air to the oxychloride, that melt at 247C. Used as a chemical intermediate, reducing agent, and ink-stain remover, and for silvering mirrors.
Physical properties: White orthogonal crystal; density 3.90 g/cm3; melts at 247C; vaporizes at 623C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 316C, 5 torr at 366C and 20 torr at 420C; soluble in water, ethanol, acetone and ether; insoluble in xylene and mineral spirits.
Stannous chloride 937The dihydrate, SnCl2.2H2O, is a white monoclinic crystalline substance; density 2.71 g/cm3; absorbs oxygen from air forming an oxychloride; melts at 37C on rapid heating; decomposes on strong heating; very soluble in water; forms an insoluble basic salt with excess water; very soluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in caustic soda solution, ethanol and ethyl acetate.
Uses:
Stannous chloride is a strong reducing agent and is used in many industrial processes, such as manufacturing dyes, phosphors, and polymers.
The compound is a major ingredient in acid tin plating baths.
Other uses are a mordant in dyeing; an additive to lubricating oil to prevent sludging; a stablizier for perfume in soaps; in removing ink stains; a sensitizing agent for glass, paper, and plastics; and a soldering flux. Tin(II) chloride is used for preparing a number of Stannous chloride salts.
Stannous chloride is a catalyst in many organic reactions.
Stannous chloride is a common laboratory reagent.
Stannous Chloride is an antioxidant and preservative that exists as white or colorless crystals, being very soluble in water.
Stannous chloride reacts readily with oxygen, preventing its combination with chemicals and foods which would otherwise result in discoloration and undesirable odors.
Stannous chloride is used for color retention in asparagus at less than 20 ppm.
Stannous chloride is also used in carbonated drinks.
Synthesis of tin(IV) octaethylcorroles was accomplished with this reagent.
These new compounds exhibit reversible oxidation only at the conjugated ring system, not at the metal center.
Definition: ChEBI: An inorganic chloride that has formula Cl2Sn.
Preparation: Stannous chloride is prepared by dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of the solution and crystallization.
General Description:
Crystalline mass or flaky solid with a fatty appearance.
Density 3.95 g / cm3. Melting point 247C. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite.
Toxic by ingestion.
Irritates skin and eyes.
Used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals and as a tanning agent.
Air and Water Reactions: Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile:
Stannous chloride is a powerful reducing agent.
Can react violently with oxidizing agents.
Undergoes flaming reaction with bromine trifluoride [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164 1956].
Catalyzes the exothermic rearrangement and polymerization of ethylene oxide [J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 68:179 1949].
Mixtures with calcium carbide can be ignited with a match, and the reaction proceeds with incandescence [Mellor 7:430 1946-47]. Reacts with hydrazine hydrate to give stannous dihydrazine chloride which decomposes explosively when heated [Mellor 7:430 1946-47]. Undergoes a strongly exothermic reaction with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide having concentration exceeding 3 percent) [Chem. and Ind., 1949, 657].
Hazard: Irritant to skin, use in foods restricted to 0.0015 percent, as tin.
Health Hazard:
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard:
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Reaction suitability: Reagent type: reductant
Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Human mutation data reported. Potentially explosive reaction with metal nitrates.
Violent reactions with hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide, hydrazine hydrate, nitrates, K, Na.
Ignition on contact with bromine trifluoride.
A vigorous reaction with calcium acetylide is initiated by flame.
When heated to decomposition stannous chloride emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
See also TIN COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure:
Stannous chloride is used as a dye, pigment, and printing ink; in making chemicals; chemical preservatives; food additives; polymers, textiles, glass, silvering mirrors.
Shipping:
UN3260 Corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required.
Purification Methods:
Analytical reagent grade stannous chloride dihydrate is dehydrated by adding stannous chloride slowly to vigorously stirred, redistilled acetic anhydride (120g salt per 100g of anhydride) in a fume cupboard.
After ca an hour, the anhydrous SnCl2 is filtered on to a sintered-glass or Buchner funnel, washed free from acetic acid with dry Et2O (2 x 30mL), and dried under vacuum.
Stannous chloride is stored in a sealed container.
Incompatibilities:
A strong reducing agent.
Reacts violently with oxidants.
Reacts violently with bromine trifluoride; potassium, hydrazine hydrate, sodium, sodium peroxide; ethylene oxide; and nitrates. Keep away from moisture, sources of oxygen, and combustible materials.
Stannous chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials:
Raw materials:
Hydrochloric acid--[yields]--Chlorine--[yields]--Tin
Preparation Products:
Rhodamine 6G--[yields]--2-CHLORO-5-FLUOROISONICOTINIC ACID--[yields]--4-Aminobenzotrifluoride--[yields]--4-(4-AMINOPHENYL)MORPHOLIN-3-ONE--[yields]--PYRIDAZINE-3,4-DIAMINE--[yields]--Dimidium bromide--[yields]--2-Aminoquinoline--[yields]--5-BROMO-2-BENZOXAZOLINONE 97--[yields]--2-Amino-4-bromophenol--[yields]--H-GLY-AMC HBR--[yields]--4-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride--[yields]--3-Amino-6-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid--[yields]--5-AMINO-2-CHLORO-NICOTINIC ACID--[yields]--2-[3-(2-FURYL)PHENYL]-4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLANE--[yields]--3,6-DICHLORO-4-HYDROXYPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID--[yields]--2,3-DIAMINO-6-CHLOROPYRIDINE--[yields]--3-AMINO-6-CHLORO-4-PICOLINE--[yields]--5-Amino-2,3-dichloropyridine--[yields]--Indazole-3-carboxylic acid--[yields]--Bathophenanthroline--[yields]--3-HYDRAZINOPYRIDINE Dihydrochloride--[yields]--Stannous octoate--[yields]--Stannous sulfate--[yields]--5-AMINO-4,6-DIHYDROXYPYRIMIDINE--[yields]--Oxibendazole--[yields]--5-AMINO-1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBONITRILE--[yields]--Disodium stannous citrate--[yields]--5-ACETYLAMINO-2-CHLORO-4-PICOLINE
