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CAS NUMBER: 7783-47-3
EC NUMBER: 231-999-3
MOLECULAR FORMULA: SnF2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 156.71
IUPAC NAME: difluorotin
Stannous Fluoride, commonly referred to commercially as stannous fluoride (from Latin stannum, 'tin'), is a chemical compound with the formula SnF2.
Stannous Fluoride is a colourless solid used as an ingredient in toothpastes.
Oral Health Benefits:
Stannous fluoride was introduced as an alternative to sodium fluoride for the prevention of cavities (tooth decay).
Stannous Fluoride was introduced for this purpose by Joseph Muhler and William Nebergall.
In recognition for their innovation, these two individuals were inducted into the Inventor's Hall of Fame.
The fluoride in stannous fluoride helps to convert the calcium mineral apatite in teeth into fluorapatite, which makes tooth enamel more resistant to bacteria-generated acid attacks.
The calcium present in plaque and saliva reacts with fluoride to form calcium fluoride on the tooth surface; over time, this calcium fluoride dissolves to allow calcium and fluoride ions to interact with the tooth and form fluoride-containing apatite within the tooth structure.
This chemical reaction inhibits demineralisation and can promote remineralisation of tooth decay.
The resulting fluoride-containing apatite is more insoluble, and more resistant to acid and tooth decay.
In addition to fluoride, the stannous ion has benefits for oral health when incorporated in a toothpaste.
At similar fluoride concentrations, toothpastes containing stannous fluoride have been shown to be more effective than toothpastes containing sodium fluoride for reducing the incidence of dental caries and dental erosion, as well as reducing gingivitis.
Some stannous fluoride-containing toothpastes also contain ingredients that allow for better stain removal.
Stabilised stannous fluoride formulations allow for greater bioavailability of the stannous and fluoride ion, increasing their oral health benefits.
A systematic review revealed stabilised stannous fluoride-containing toothpastes had a positive effect on the reduction of plaque, gingivitis and staining, with a significant reduction in calculus and halitosis (bad breath) compared to other toothpastes.
A specific formulation of stabilised stannous fluoride toothpastes has shown superior protection against dental erosion and dentine hypersensitivity compared to other fluoride-containing and fluoride-free toothpastes.
Stannous fluoride was once used under the trade name Fluoristan in the original formulation of the toothpaste brand Crest, though it was later replaced with sodium monofluorophosphate under the trade name Fluoristat.
Although concerns have been previously raised that stannous fluoride may cause tooth staining, this can be avoided by proper brushing and by using a stabilised stannous fluoride toothpaste.
Aqueous solutions
Readily soluble in water, SnF2 is hydrolysed.
At low concentration, it forms species such as SnOH+, Sn(OH)2 and Sn(OH)3−.
At higher concentrations, predominantly polynuclear species are formed, including Sn2(OH)22+ and Sn3(OH)42+.
Aqueous solutions readily oxidise to form insoluble precipitates of SnIV, which are ineffective as a dental prophylactic.
Studies of the oxidation using Mössbauer spectroscopy on frozen samples suggests that O2 is the oxidizing species
Lewis Acidity:
Stannous Fluoride acts as a Lewis acid.
For example, it forms a 1:1 complex (CH3)3NSnF2 and 2:1 complex [(CH3)3N]2SnF2 with trimethylamine, and a 1:1 complex with dimethylsulfoxide, (CH3)2SO·SnF2.
In solutions containing the fluoride ion, F−, it forms the fluoride complexes SnF3−, Sn2F5−, and SnF2(OH2).
Crystallization from an aqueous solution containing NaF produces compounds containing polynuclear anions, e.g. NaSn2F5 or Na4Sn3F10 depending on the reaction conditions, rather than NaSnF3.
The compound NaSnF3, containing the pyramidal SnF3− anion, can be produced from a pyridine–water solution.
Other compounds containing the pyramidal SnF3− anion are known, such as Ca(SnF3)2
Reducing Properties:
Stannous Fluoride is a reducing agent, with a standard reduction potential of Eo (SnIV/ SnII) = +0.15 V.
Solutions in HF are readily oxidised by a range of oxidizing agents (O2, SO2 or F2) to form the mixed-valence compound Sn3F8 (containing SnII and SnIV and no Sn–Sn bonds).
Structure of Stannous Fluoride:
The monoclinic form contains tetramers, Sn4F8, where there are two distinct coordination environments for the Sn atoms.
In each case, there are three nearest neighbours, with Sn at the apex of a trigonal pyramid, and the lone pair of electrons sterically active.
Other forms reported have the GeF2 and paratellurite structures
Molecular Stannous Fluoride:
In the vapour phase, Stannous Fluoride forms monomers, dimers, and trimers.
Monomeric Stannous Fluoride is a non-linear molecule with an Sn−F bond length of 206 pm.
Complexes of Stannous Fluoride, sometimes called difluorostannylene, with an alkyne and aromatic compounds deposited in an argon matrix at 12 K have been reported.
What Is Stannous Fluoride Used for in Toothpaste?
One of the main causes of bleeding gums is the buildup of plaque bacteria.
If the buildup isn’t removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can irritate the gums, leading to red, swollen, and bleeding gums, also known as gingivitis.
Stannous Fluoride is an antimicrobial ingredient (chemical compound) that helps inhibit plaque bacteria buildup in the mouth.
With twice daily brushing, its antimicrobial activity improves gum health by helping to prevent the plaque bacteria from coming back.
Stannous Fluoride is a common active ingredient in toothpaste and has been recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) as an effective agent in reducing tooth decay.
The difference between stannous fluoride and other fluoride types is that it includes key benefits such as:
Anti-cavity: While all Fluoride types have been proven to help prevent and control cavities by strengthening tooth enamel and dentin, stannous fluoride has been shown to make dental surfaces more resistant to bacterial acids.
Antimicrobial: Stannous Fluoride is also recognized for its antimicrobial properties, meaning that it can kill the bacteria found in plaque that cause gum disease and tooth decay.
Anti-hypersensitivity: Stannous Fluoride helps reduce teeth sensitivity resulting from hot, cold, acidic and sweet foods and beverages.
Stannous Fluoride does this by forming a layer over open dentinal tubules (tiny channels in the dentin that lead directly to the sensitive pulp at the tooth's center).
Stannous Fluoride is a white crystalline solid. Sinks and mixes with water
Stannous Fluoride is an inorganic salt and a fluoride salt.
Stannous Fluoride, or Tn(II) Fluoride, is a compound commonly used in toothpastes for the prevention of gingivitis, dental infections, cavities, and to relieve dental hypersensitivity. Although similar in function and activity to Sodium Fluoride (NaF), the conventionally added ingredient in toothpastes, stannous fluoride has been shown to be more effective at stopping and reversing dental lesions.
Stannous Fluoride manages and prevents dental caries and gingivitis by promoting enamel mineralization, reducing gingival inflammation and bleeding through its potential broad-spectrum antibiotic effect and modulation of the microbial composition of the dental biofilm. It is an FDA-approved over-the-counter product.
Stannous Fluoride is applied directly to the surfaces of teeth in the form of solutions or gels for the prevention of dental caries in children.
Stannous Fluoride exerts antibacterial effects by two modes of action.
First, stannous fluoride exerts a killing effect on bacteria (bactericidal action).
This is probably due to non-specific interaction with the bacterial membrane that causes membrane disruption.
The result is leakage of cellular components that leads to cell lysis and death.
The second, and more important, mode of antibacterial activity is through stannous fluoride’s inhibition of metabolic enzymes.
The inhibition of metabolic activity affects bacteria in a number of ways, including:
-reduction of bacterial growth
-prevention of bacterial adhesion to oral surfaces (e.g., enamel, exposed dentin)
-reduction in bacterial byproducts that boost the inflammatory response leading to gingivitis
Stannous Fluoride’s inhibitory effect on bacteria is related to its inhibition of bacterial glycolysis, an energy making process whereby metabolic enzymes break down carbohydrates.
In early Stannous Fluoride dentifrice formulations, the stannous fluoride was not fully stable or bioavailable.
A key issue in formulating with stannous fluoride is that it is easily inactivated by hydrolysis and oxidation, thus making it difficult to stabilize in a typical dentifrice formula.
Stannous Fluoride can also have an astringent taste and cause extrinsic staining of teeth and fillings. However, current stannous fluoride-containing dentifrices have been formulated in ways that circumvent instability and bioavailability challenges.
Stannous Fluoride, or Tn(II) Fluoride, is a compound commonly used in toothpastes for the prevention of gingivitis, dental infections, cavities, and to relieve dental hypersensitivity.
Although similar in function and activity to Sodium Fluoride (NaF), the conventionally added ingredient in toothpastes, stannous fluoride has been shown to be more effective at stopping and reversing dental lesions.
Stannous Fluoride manages and prevents dental caries and gingivitis by promoting enamel mineralization, reducing gingival inflammation and bleeding through its potential broad-spectrum antibiotic effect and modulation of the microbial composition of the dental biofilm.
Stannous Fluoride is an FDA-approved over-the-counter product.
Mechanism of Action:
Stannous fluoride has been shown to manage and prevent dental caries and gingivitis by promoting enamel mineralization, reducing gingival inflammation and bleeding, its potential broad-spectrum antibiotic effect, and through modulation of the microbial composition of the dental biofilm.
Stannous Fluoride works by depositing a stable acid-resistant layer on the tooth surfaces which is composed of calcium fluoride produced when stannous fluoride converts the calcium mineral apatite into fluorapatite.
Tin and fluoride mediate anti-erosive actions by interacting with and modifying the absorbent layer composed of salivary proteins such as mucins, perhaps by enhancing the cross-linking between the proteins to result in a more resistant and protective layer against erosion.
The efficacy of stannous fluoride solutions seems to depend mainly on the incorporation of tin in the mineralized dentine when the organic portion is preserved but on surface precipitation when the organic portion is continuously digested. Moreover, the relative erosion-inhibiting effects of stannous fluoride strongly depend on the presence or absence of the demineralized organic dentine matrix
Absorption:
Tin is retained in the demineralized organic matrix to some extent, diffuses through the phosphorylated non-collagenous proteins in the dentine called phosphophoryn and accumulates in the underlying mineralized tissue.
STANNOUS FLUORIDE (STAN uhs FLOOR ide) is a rinse that strengthens tooth enamel.
Stannous Fluoride helps to prevent tooth decay.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions
Stannous Fluoride is unique among fluoride compounds, offering multiple benefits not found with sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
While all three compounds provide anti-caries benefits, stabilized stannous fluoride has demonstrated broader and significantly greater protection than other fluorides against plaque.
Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) is a compound present in many commercially available dentifrices; however, oxidative decomposition negatively impacts its efficacy.
Stannous oxidation is often mitigated through the addition of complexing agents or sources of sacrificial stannous compounds.
The authors have found that the addition of zinc phosphate significantly improved stannous stability more effectively than other stabilization methods.
Stannous Fluoride is a chemical compound used in toothpaste and mouthwash to prevent dental decay.
Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) has been used in toothpaste for several decades because it’s active in preventing dental caries.
In addition, SnF2 can provide antibacterial activity, leading to reduced plaque formation and reduced incidence of gingivitis.
Stannous Fluoride can also occlude open dentin tubules, reducing dentin hypersensitivity.
APPLICATIONS OF STANNOUS FLUORIDE:
-Tooth sensitivity treatment
-Enamel production
-Gingivitis treatment
-Tooth cavities preventer
-Periodontal infection preventative
-Medical uses
-Orthodontic applications
-Cosmetics
-Personal care products
-Cleaning products
-Oral care products
-Industry
Stannous Fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula SnF2.
This colourless solid is a common ingredient in toothpaste.
In the enamel, it converts apatite into fluoroapatite, which is more resistant to attack by acids generated by bacteria.
Sodium Fluoride and sodium fluorophosphate perform similarly.
Stannous Fluoride is a white crystalline solid with a bitter, salty taste.
Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) is used as a toothpaste additive to help prevent tooth decay.
Stannous Fluoride is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Stannous Fluoride is an active ingredient in toothpastes.
Stannous Fluoride, a strong reducing agent, is incompatible with oxidizers.
Avoid contact with acids - HF fumes may be produced.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STANNOUS FLUORIDE:
-Molecular Weight: 156.71
-Exact Mass: 157.899009
-Monoisotopic Mass: 157.899009
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
-Physical Description: Stannous fluoride is a white crystalline solid
-Color: White
-Form: monoclinic crystalline powder
-Taste: Salty taste
-Boiling Point: 850 °C
-Melting Point: 213 °C
-Solubility: 30-39% in water at 20 °C
-Density: 4.57 g/cm³
-Decomposition: Decomposes in hot water.
-pH: 2.8-3.5
Stannous fluoride is a white crystalline solid. Sinks and mixes with water
Stannous fluoride is an inorganic salt and a fluoride salt.
Stannous Fluoride, or Tn(II) Fluoride, is a compound commonly used in toothpastes for the prevention of gingivitis, dental infections, cavities, and to relieve dental hypersensitivity. Although similar in function and activity to Sodium Fluoride (NaF), the conventionally added ingredient in toothpastes, stannous fluoride has been shown to be more effective at stopping and reversing dental lesions.
Stannous Fluoride manages and prevents dental caries and gingivitis by promoting enamel mineralization, reducing gingival inflammation and bleeding through its potential broad-spectrum antibiotic effect and modulation of the microbial composition of the dental biofilm. It is an FDA-approved over-the-counter product.
Stannous Fluoride is applied directly to the surfaces of teeth in the form of solutions or gels for the prevention of dental caries in children.
Stannous Fluoride exerts antibacterial effects by two modes of action.
First, Stannous Fluoride exerts a killing effect on bacteria (bactericidal action).
This is probably due to non-specific interaction with the bacterial membrane that causes membrane disruption.
The result is leakage of cellular components that leads to cell lysis and death.
Stannous Fluoride is a chemical compound used in toothpaste and mouthwash to prevent dental decay.
Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) has been used in toothpaste for several decades because it’s active in preventing dental caries.
In addition, SnF2 can provide antibacterial activity, leading to reduced plaque formation and reduced incidence of gingivitis.
Stannous Fluoride can also occlude open dentin tubules, reducing dentin hypersensitivity.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STANNOUS FLUORIDE:
-Heavy Atom Count: 3
-Formal Charge: 0
-Complexity: 2.8
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
STORAGE OF STANNOUS FLUORIDE:
Stannous Fluoride should be stored at constant pressure.
Stannous Fluoride should not be stored in very hot environments.
Stannous Fluoride should be stored in a moisture-free environment.
Stannous Fluoride should be stored at room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees
Stannous Fluoride should be stored in dry containers.
Stannous Fluoride should be stored in a cool place.
Stannous Fluoride should be stored in a dry environment.
Stannous Fluoride should be stored in a ventilated environment.
Stannous Fluoride should not be stored in the same environment with substances that react instantly.
SYNONYMS:
Tin(II) fluoride
Tin difluoride
Fluoristan
difluorotin
Tin bifluoride
Difluorostannylene
Stancare
Stanide
Crest
Omnii-Gel
Gel-Kam
Iradicar SnF2
Iradicav SnF2
King's Gel-Tin
Cap-Tin Mouthrinse
Stop Home Treatment
Iradicar Stannous Fluoride
Stannous fluoride (SnF2)
tin ii fluoride
tin(+2)fluoride
stannous difluoride
Gingimed (TN)
Oral-B Rinsing solution, concentrate
F2Sn
TIN (II) FLUORIDE
Tin (II) Fluoride, -4 Mesh
Samarium Barium Copper Oxide (SBCO) Sputtering Targets
4-chloro-2-pyridinemethanamine;(4-chloropyridin-2-yl)methanam
