STEARYL AMINE

Stearyl amine, also known as N-stearylamine or 1-aminooctadecane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. 
Stearyl amine organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. 
Stearyl amine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). 
Stearyl amine is an 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.

CAS Number: 124-30-1
EC Number: 204-695-3
IUPAC Name: octadecan-1-amine
Chemical Formula: C18H39N

Other names: OCTADECYLAMINE, octadecan-1-amine, 124-30-1, 1-Octadecanamine, Stearylamine, Stearamine, 1-Octadecylamine, 1-Aminooctadecane, n-Octadecylamine, Stearyl amine, n-Stearylamine, Armofilm, Monooctadecylamine, Armeen 18D, Nissan amine AB, Oktadecylamin, Alamine 7, Alamine 7D, Noram SH, Adogenen 142, Armeen 18, Armeen 118D, Amine AB, Farmin 80, Crodamine 1.18D, Kemamine P990, Kemamine P 990, FFV58UNY7O, CHEBI:63866, NSC-9857, DTXSID1025801, DTXCID505801, 204-695-3, Octadecanamine, C18H39N, NSC 9857, Armid HTD, Armeen 1180, MFCD00008159, OCTADECANE,1-AMINO, Octadecylamineadogenen 142, CHEMBL55860, Oktadecylamin [Czech], Octadecyl amine, CCRIS 4688, HSDB 1194, EINECS 204-695-3, UNII-FFV58UNY7O, BRN 0636111, AI3-14661, Steamfilm FG, 1-octadecyl amine, Octadecylamine, 97%, octadecane, 1-amino-, 1-Octadecanamine, 9CI, Amine 18-90, EC 204-695-3, NCIOpen2_007744, SCHEMBL12291, OCTADECYLAMINE [HSDB], 4-04-00-00825 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), SCHEMBL102110, SCHEMBL2031870, SCHEMBL2031871, SCHEMBL2159903, SCHEMBL5573534, SCHEMBL6931822, SCHEMBL7610794, SCHEMBL8158097, SCHEMBL8161760, WLN: Z18, SCHEMBL10479136, SCHEMBL11206609, SCHEMBL16972723, Kemamine P-990, P-990D, NSC9857, Octadecylamine, >=99.0% (GC), STR09001, BDBM50147579, SBB040959, STK062786, AKOS000269090, Octadecylamine, technical grade, 90%, CS-W012394, FO74933, NCGC00164134-01, NS00009570, O0014, ST45027923, EN300-18141, D70506, A833419, Q2013790, Z57204689, F3145-0795, InChI=1/C18H39N/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h2-19H2,1H

Stearyl amine is a white solid. 
Insoluble in water and less dense than water. 
Hence floats on water. 
Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. 
May be toxic by ingestion. 
Used to make other chemicals.

Stearyl amine is a kind of aliphatic amines compound being subject to industrial mass production. 
At room temperature, Stearyl amine is as white crystals with the molecular weight being 269.5, melting point being 52.8612, boiling point being 232.12 (4.27 kPa), the flash point being 149 ℃, the relative density being 0.8618 and the refractive index being 1.4522. 
Stearyl amine is slightly soluble in acetone, kerosene and methanol, easily soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethanol, isopropanol and toluene, soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene but insoluble in water. 

Stearyl amine has alkaline property and can react with hydrochloric acid to generate adduct product. 
Stearyl amine's toxicity is lower than low-grade amine. 
Rat being subject to oral administration of 500 × 10-6 Octadecanamine for two consecutive years get no significant adverse consequences. 
Stearyl amine has irritation effect on human skin and mucous membrane. 

Stearyl amine can be used as the intermediates for organic synthesis such as for the production of octadecyl quaternary ammonium salts and various kinds of additives such as cationic thickening agent, mineral flotation agents, emulsifier of synthetic resins, pesticides and asphalt, antistatic agents, wetting agents, waterproofing agents, surfactants as well as biocides of fabric, color former of color photo and the corrosion inhibitor of the oil refining device. 

Stearyl amine can be generated by the reaction of stearic acid and ammonia for generating octadecanitrile and further catalytic hydrogenation under pressure for further reduction of enamine.
Stearyl amine is used in biological studies for the formation of ion pairing as alternative to improve encapsulation and stability and to reduce skin irritation of retinoic acid loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles.

Stearyl amine is a kind of aliphatic amines compound being subject to industrial mass production. 
At room temperature, Stearyl amine is as white crystals with the molecular weight being 269.5, melting point being 52.8612, boiling point being 232.12 (4.27 kPa), the flash point being 149 ℃, the relative density being 0.8618 and the refractive index being 1.4522. 
Stearyl amine is slightly soluble in acetone, kerosene and methanol, easily soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethanol, isopropanol and toluene, soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene but insoluble in water. 

Stearyl amine has alkaline property and can react with hydrochloric acid to generate adduct product. 
Stearyl amine's toxicity is lower than low-grade amine. 
Rat being subject to oral administration of 500 × 10-6 Stearyl amine for two consecutive years get no significant adverse consequences. 
Stearyl amine has irritation effect on human skin and mucous membrane. 

Stearyl amine can be used as the intermediates for organic synthesis such as for the production of octadecyl quaternary ammonium salts and various kinds of additives such as cationic thickening agent, mineral flotation agents, emulsifier of synthetic resins, pesticides and asphalt, antistatic agents, waterproofing agents, surfactants as well as biocides of fabric, color former of color photo and the corrosion inhibitor of the oil refining device. 
Stearyl amine can be generated by the reaction of stearic acid and ammonia for generating octadecanitrile and further catalytic hydrogenation under pressure for further reduction of enamine.

Stearyl amine is used as asphalt emulsifier, lubricant and dispersants.
Stearyl amine acts as a cationic surfactant and find applications is hair rinse bases, wood preservatives, textile softeners, dyeing auxiliaries and pigment grinding aids. 
Stearyl amine is used in boiler as an additive, which prevents the corrosion arises due to steam. 
Stearyl amine is a basic building block and used as an intermediate in the preparation of their amine derivatives, ethoxylates and amides. 
Metal oxide nano crystals having controlled size and shape are prepared by the thermal decomposition of metal nitrates with Stearyl amine.

Uses    
Stearyl amine can be used as the intermediates of organic synthesis for the production of octadecyl quaternary ammonium salts and many kinds of additives such as cationic grease thickener, mineral flotation agents, pesticides and asphalt emulsifier, fabric antistatic agents, softeners, wetting agents and waterproofing agents, surfactants, biocides, color former of color photo and the corrosion inhibitor of the oil refining device. 

Putting the Stearyl amine in mixture with ethylene oxide in a molar ratio of 1: 2 for reaction at 150-190 ℃ can gives stearyl diethanolamine with a yield of 80%. 
Stearyl amine belongs to a non-ionic antistatic agent and can be applied to polypropylene, polystyrene and ABS resin.
Stearyl amine is used in biological studies for the formation of ion pairing as alternative to improve encapsulation and stability and to reduce skin irritation of retinoic acid loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles.

Stearyl amine is used to surface functionalize different carbon nanomaterials (graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes) for different applications which include thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofilteration and carbon fiber microelectrodes. 
Stearyl amine can be used for the preparation of butyrylcholinesterase/stearylamine films (Langmuir-Blodgett films) for use in enzymatic field effect transistor (ENFET) based biosensors. Octadecylamine also forms films which can be used in ion exachnge systems. 
Stearyl amine may also be used in the preparation of metal oxide nano crystals with controlled size and shape.

Stearyl amine is used:
To induce hydrophobicity in nanodiamond (ND) powders.
In the surface modification of graphite and fullerenes.
As a dual source of carbon and nitrogen in the synthesis of N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
To synthesize a single-chain cationic surfactant, Stearyl amine.
Stearyl amine is used in biological studies for the formation of ion pairing as alternative to improve encapsulation and stability and to reduce skin irritation of retinoic acid loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles.

Stearyl amine appears as white waxy crystalline solid with alkalinity. 
Stearyl amine is soluble in chloroform, soluble in alcohol, ether and benzene, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in water.

Production method    
Stearyl amine can be obtained from stearic acid via ammoniation and hydrogenation. 
Send stearic acid and ammonia continuously and quantitatively into the liquid phase reaction tower for ammoniation at 350 ℃ to generate octadecane nitrile. 
After washing with water and refinement, Stearyl amine was sent to the autoclave and was subject to hydrogenation reaction under 130 ℃ and the pressure of about 3.5MPa with the nickel catalyst for generation of Octadecanamine. 
The hydrogenated product was subject to precipitation for removing the catalyst to derive the final products. 

During laboratory preparation, the octadecane nitrile and anhydrous ethanol are subject to boiling under reflux and further put into sodium metal for reaction. 
Pour the reaction mixture into the dilute hydrochloric acid with cooling obtaining the Octadecanamine hydrochloride. 
Further treat with 20% sodium hydroxide solution treated with 20% sodium hydroxide solution can produce Stearyl amine. 
The yield is 85%. Fixed consumption amount of material: stearic acid: 1165kg/t, ammonia 151kg/t, hydrogen gas: 211m3, nickel catalyst: 6kg/t.

Reactivity Profile    
Stearyl amine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. 
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. 
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.