SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE

Superoxide Dismutase is a powerful antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Superoxide Dismutase is one of the body’s primary enzymatic defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase exists in several isoforms containing copper, zinc, manganese, or iron cofactors, each playing a critical role in maintaining cellular redox balance.
Superoxide Dismutase is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and cell-protective properties.

CAS Number: 9054-89-1
EC Number: 232-943-0
Molecular Formula: Not applicable (enzyme protein)
Molecular Weight: Approx. 32,500 Da (Cu/Zn-SOD monomer)

Synonyms: Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, SOD Enzyme, Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase, Mn-Superoxide Dismutase, SOD Antioxidant, Dismutase Enzyme, Superoxide Radical Scavenger, Anti-Oxidase Protein, Catalytic Antioxidant, Oxidative Stress Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase, SOD, Superoxide:Superoxide Oxidoreductase, Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, Mn-SOD, Iron Superoxide Dismutase, Fe-SOD, SOD Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Protein, Superoxide Dismutase Compound, Superoxide Dismutase Material, Superoxide Dismutase Product, Superoxide Dismutase Substance, Superoxide Dismutase Chemical, Superoxide Dismutase Technical Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Industrial Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Pharmaceutical Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Food Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Cosmetic Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Laboratory Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Research Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Pure, Superoxide Dismutase Extra Pure, Superoxide Dismutase High Purity, Superoxide Dismutase Refined, Superoxide Dismutase Stabilized, Superoxide Dismutase Certified, Superoxide Dismutase Certified Standard, Superoxide Dismutase Analytical Standard, Superoxide Dismutase Laboratory Standard, Superoxide Dismutase Certified Reagent, Superoxide Dismutase Laboratory Reagent, Superoxide Dismutase Test Reagent, Superoxide Dismutase Assay, Superoxide Dismutase Bulk Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Commercial Grade, Superoxide Dismutase Raw Material, Superoxide Dismutase Fine Chemical, Superoxide Dismutase Specialty Chemical, Superoxide Dismutase Active Ingredient, Superoxide Dismutase Functional Ingredient, Superoxide Dismutase Specialty Ingredient, Superoxide Dismutase Functional Additive, Superoxide Dismutase Specialty Additive, Superoxide Dismutase Antioxidant Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Radical Scavenger, Superoxide Dismutase ROS Neutralizer, Superoxide Dismutase Free Radical Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Oxidative Stress Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Cell Protecting Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Antiaging Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Skin Protecting Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Skin Conditioning Agent, Superoxide Dismutase Antiwrinkle Ingredient, Superoxide Dismutase Antioxidant Ingredient, Superoxide Dismutase Stabilizing Protein, Superoxide Dismutase Protective Protein, Superoxide Dismutase Enzymatic Antioxidant, Superoxide Dismutase Skin Repair Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase Cosmetic Ingredient

APPLICATIONS

Superoxide Dismutase is used in cosmetic formulations as a potent antioxidant and skin protectant.
Superoxide Dismutase neutralizes superoxide radicals generated by UV radiation and pollution.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) helps prevent oxidative damage that leads to premature aging.

Superoxide Dismutase is incorporated in anti-aging creams and serums.
Superoxide Dismutase reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Superoxide Dismutase supports collagen synthesis and maintains skin elasticity.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in after-sun and photoprotection products.
Superoxide Dismutase minimizes UV-induced erythema and inflammation.
Superoxide Dismutase enhances the skin’s natural antioxidant defense system.

Superoxide Dismutase is included in soothing and repairing formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase calms irritated and sensitive skin.
Superoxide Dismutase promotes faster recovery from oxidative or chemical stress.

Superoxide Dismutase is used in anti-pollution skincare products.
Superoxide Dismutase protects against environmental stressors and particulate matter.
Superoxide Dismutase prevents oxidative degradation of lipids and proteins in the skin.

Superoxide Dismutase is incorporated in eye creams and under-eye gels.
Superoxide Dismutase reduces puffiness and dark circles by improving microcirculation.
Superoxide Dismutase restores vitality and firmness to delicate eye-area skin.

Superoxide Dismutase is used in hair care formulations to combat scalp oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase protects hair follicles from free radical damage.

Superoxide Dismutase supports stronger, healthier hair growth.
Superoxide Dismutase is used in wound-healing and dermatological creams.

Superoxide Dismutase promotes cellular repair and regeneration of damaged tissues.
Superoxide Dismutase accelerates healing and minimizes scar formation.

Superoxide Dismutase is applied in cosmeceutical formulations combining vitamins and peptides.
Superoxide Dismutase works synergistically with Vitamin C and E to enhance antioxidative efficacy.
Superoxide Dismutase provides continuous protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in anti-inflammatory and soothing gels.
Superoxide Dismutase reduces inflammation in sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Superoxide Dismutase restores balance and calms redness after irritation.

Superoxide Dismutase is used in pharmaceutical preparations for inflammatory disorders.
Superoxide Dismutase mitigates oxidative tissue injury in arthritis, ischemia, and burns.

Superoxide Dismutase acts as an endogenous defense enhancer for cellular recovery.
Superoxide Dismutase is utilized in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.

Superoxide Dismutase supports systemic antioxidant defense and immune health.
Superoxide Dismutase combats fatigue and enhances cellular vitality.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is applied in dermatological therapies for rosacea and eczema.
Superoxide Dismutase reduces oxidative inflammation and redness.
Superoxide Dismutase improves overall skin tone and comfort.

Superoxide Dismutase is included in formulations targeting oxidative stress in aging skin.
Superoxide Dismutase preserves mitochondrial function and slows cellular aging.
Superoxide Dismutase supports skin detoxification and barrier strength.

Superoxide Dismutase is used in ophthalmic formulations for protecting corneal tissues.
Superoxide Dismutase neutralizes radicals generated by UV and mechanical stress.
Superoxide Dismutase helps prevent oxidative eye disorders and lens opacity.

Superoxide Dismutase is employed in biomedical and therapeutic research.
Superoxide Dismutase serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress in disease models.

Superoxide Dismutase is used in enzyme therapies targeting inflammatory and degenerative conditions.
Superoxide Dismutase is included in injectable or topical formulations for regenerative medicine.

Superoxide Dismutase supports stem cell viability and tissue engineering applications.
Superoxide Dismutase promotes antioxidant balance in bioactive scaffolds.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in oral care and dental gels.
Superoxide Dismutase reduces gum inflammation and oxidative stress in oral mucosa.
Superoxide Dismutase supports healing after dental procedures.

Superoxide Dismutase is applied in anti-radiation and protective formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase neutralizes radiation-induced radicals and protects cells from DNA damage.
Superoxide Dismutase is a key component in radioprotective pharmaceutical research.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used as an antioxidant enzyme in cosmetic formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) helps prevent oxidative damage to skin cells.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is applied in anti-aging skincare products.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) supports collagen synthesis and skin elasticity.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in sun care formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) protects skin from UV-induced oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) helps reduce redness and inflammation after sun exposure.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is incorporated in after-sun and recovery creams.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) accelerates skin repair and renewal.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) minimizes photoaging and pigmentation effects.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in wound healing formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) promotes tissue regeneration and reduces inflammation.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) supports recovery from burns, cuts, and abrasions.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is applied in eye care products.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) reduces puffiness and oxidative stress around the eyes.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) helps prevent premature aging in delicate eye areas.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in anti-pollution skincare.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) protects cells from environmental oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enhances resilience against urban pollution exposure.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is studied for treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) reduces oxidative tissue injury in chronic conditions.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) provides systemic antioxidant protection.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) supports immune health and reduces cellular aging.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is applied in athletic recovery supplements.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) reduces muscle fatigue caused by oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) supports faster post-exercise recovery.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in veterinary formulations.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enhances animal health and recovery from oxidative stress.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) supports skin repair in topical veterinary creams.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is incorporated in biomaterial coatings.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) provides antioxidant protection in medical implants.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) prevents oxidative degradation of polymeric biomaterials.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is used in laboratory and biochemical research.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) acts as a marker enzyme for oxidative stress studies.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is utilized in enzymatic assays and free-radical screening.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is applied in food fortification.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) provides antioxidant stability in functional foods.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enhances shelf life and nutritional value of fortified beverages.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is one of the body’s primary defenses against oxidative stress.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) exists naturally in most living cells, protecting against free-radical damage.

DESCRIPTION

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is a metalloenzyme naturally found in nearly all oxygen-exposed organisms.
Superoxide Dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂⁻) into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
The enzyme exists in several isoforms, including Cu/Zn-SOD (cytosolic), Mn-SOD (mitochondrial), and Fe-SOD (prokaryotic).

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has the CAS number 9054-89-1.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has the EC number 1.15.1.1.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has the molecular formula varies by source (commonly C57H104N16O28S).

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has a molecular weight typically between 30,000 and 35,000 Da.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) appears as a light brown to off-white lyophilized powder.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is soluble in water and buffered saline solutions.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is derived from sources such as bovine liver, yeast, or plant extracts.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) can also be produced through recombinant biotechnology methods.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) exhibits optimal activity at physiological pH and moderate temperatures.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) reduces lipid peroxidation and protects cell membranes.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) inhibits inflammatory pathways triggered by oxidative stress.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) should be stored at low temperatures in sealed, light-protected containers to maintain enzymatic activity.
Superoxide Dismutase is typically produced via biotechnological fermentation or extracted from natural sources such as yeast, barley, and melon.

Superoxide Dismutase plays an essential role in maintaining oxidative balance and protecting cells from free radical damage.
Superoxide Dismutase deficiency is associated with accelerated aging and chronic inflammatory diseases.

In cosmetics, SOD is used to prevent premature aging, support skin detoxification, and strengthen barrier function.
Superoxide Dismutase helps maintain collagen integrity by preventing oxidative breakdown of structural proteins.
Superoxide Dismutase is often stabilized in liposomes, hydrogels, or microcapsules to enhance delivery and bioavailability.

In pharmaceuticals, SOD is used as a therapeutic antioxidant in treating arthritis, ischemic injury, and wound healing.
Superoxide Dismutase is considered safe, biocompatible, and non-toxic under regulated usage conditions.
Modern formulations use recombinant or plant-derived SOD for consistency and purity.

Superoxide Dismutase activity is measured in units (U/mg protein), where one unit decomposes 1 μmol of superoxide per minute.
Superoxide Dismutase remains stable under pH 6–8 but is sensitive to heat, strong acids, and proteolytic enzymes.
Superoxide Dismutase is stored at low temperatures to maintain enzymatic activity over time.

PROPERTIES

Appearance: Light beige to pale green powder or lyophilized solid
Odor: Odorless or faintly protein-like
Activity: Typically 1,000–5,000 U/mg protein
Optimal pH: 7.0–8.0
Molecular Weight: ~32,000 Da (Cu/Zn-SOD dimer)
Solubility: Soluble in water and buffer solutions; insoluble in organic solvents
Stability: Sensitive to heat and extreme pH; stable when stored frozen or lyophilized
Isoelectric Point (pI): ~5.2
Enzyme Cofactors: Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺ depending on isoform
Storage Temperature: Store below -20°C for long-term stability

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air if dust is inhaled.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Skin Contact:
Wash affected skin with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation occurs.

Eye Contact:
Rinse thoroughly with water for several minutes.
Seek medical help if redness or discomfort persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth and drink water.
Seek medical attention if large quantities are swallowed.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote required.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Avoid inhalation of enzyme dust or aerosol.
Use protective gloves, goggles, and lab coats during handling.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation or use local exhaust systems in processing areas.

Avoidance:
Avoid strong oxidizing or denaturing agents that inactivate the enzyme.
Prevent exposure to heat and direct sunlight.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Sweep up carefully to avoid dust formation.
Clean with water and mild detergent.

Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and dark place.
For long-term storage, keep frozen below -20°C.
Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles to preserve activity.