PRODUCTS

SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is used primarily for liver, gall bladder and stomach ailments as well as to expel intestinal worms.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract restrains plasmodium growth and directly kill plasmodium.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is used for Anti-inflammatory and cancer.

CAS Number: 63968-64-9 (for Artemisinin)
EC Number: 206-131-9 (for Artemisinin)
Molecular Formula: C15H22O5 (for Artemisinin)

SYNONYMS:
Artemether, Artemisinin, Artemotil, Artesunate, Qinghaosu, Quinghao (Chinese), Sweet annie, Sweet sagewort, Sweet wormwood, Wormweed, Artemisia annua Extract, Qing Hao Extract, Artemisinin Extract, Wormwood Extract, Sweet Annie Extract, Annual Wormwood Extract, Qinghaosu Extract, Artemisia annua L. Extract, Absinthe du Désert, AHAE, AHE, Armoise Herbe Blanche, Artemisia, Common Wormwood, Common Wood Worm, Desert Wormwood, Herba Alba, Shih, Thym des Steppes, Zomeralsem, Zoete Alsem, Ajenjo Dulce, Einjähriger Beifuß, Gae Ttong Ssuk, Kuso-ninjin, Mirisni Pelin

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, also known as sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, called artemisinin (or artesunate), is a medication used to treat malaria.

Discovery of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract and its antimalarial properties by the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou led to the award of the 2011 Lasker Prize and 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is the analytical standard of Artemisinin.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is intended for research and analytical applications.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, a sesquiterpene lactone, is an anti-malarial agent isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. plants.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract inhibits AKT signaling pathway by decreasing pAKT in a dose-dependent manner.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract reduces cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis and metastasis and has neuroprotective effects.
Sweet wormwood is native to Asia.
It is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of malaria and hemorrhoids by the name qinghao.

The plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and phenolic compounds.
One of its compounds is sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin, whose derivates are used in drugs for the treatment of malaria.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, called artemisinin (or artesunate), is a medication used to treat malaria.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract has been used for centuries to kill parasites, particularly worms and flukes.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is generally well tolerated at the doses used to treat malaria;

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract can Relieve cough and asthma.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract can reduce blood pressure, allay a fever and restrain a dermatophyte.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract may be beneficial in the treatment of malaria and other parasite-caused diseases, influenza-like viral diseases, hepatitis A, herpes, and HIV.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract also may be beneficial for lowering blood sugar levels, in the treatment of wounds, against fungi and bacteria, as an anti-cancer treatment, in chemotherapy, for osteoarthritis, leukemia, autoimmune diseases, hemorrhoids, constipation, indigestion, diarrhea, and joint pain.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is used for research use only.

-Use of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract:
Reviews of the medical literature support the clinical efficacy of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract and its derivatives against all forms of malaria, particularly Plasmodium falciparum.
Clinical studies have also evaluated use in arthritis and seasonal allergies; however, clinical data are lacking to recommend use for these indications.

USES AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
The clinical efficacy of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract and its derivatives against all forms of human malaria, particularly P. falciparum and including uncomplicated and complicated malaria, have been proven by hundreds of published studies, most from Asia and Africa; only select investigations will be discussed in this monograph.

Pharmacoeconomic studies support the cost effectiveness of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract-based combinations in combating malaria in developing countries.
Antiviral activity is associated with the sterols sitosterol and stigmaterol of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.

Camphor stimulates the CNS, while the other plant essential oils produce depression, reduce spontaneous activity, and increase the hypnotic action of pentobarbital.

The lipids and essential oils also have been used in cosmetics and perfumes and to treat or prevent inflammation, including of the skin.
Other reported pharmacological activity includes cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, inhibition of the growth of the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus hirae by the essential oil, and growth inhibition of several phytopathogenic fungi by extracts.

*Antibacterial/Antiparasitic activity
Animal and in vitro data
A novel gelatin wound dressing containing Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, without toxicity to nonbacterial cellular proliferation.

*Anticancer activity
The endoperoxide bridge is required for the anticancer activity of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract and its derivatives through formation of a free radical, which causes molecular damage and cell death.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract derivatives may be effective in treating cancers that overexpress transferrin receptors.
This mechanism of action involves the influx of iron in tumor cells, which then causes the formation of free radicals from Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract that cause molecular damage leading to cell death.

Artesunate, the semisynthetic derivative of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Overexpression of the bcl-2 protein protects cells from apotosis, whereas activation of Bax drives apoptosis.
Artesunate activates Bax, causing cell apoptosis and inhibiting the expression of the bcl-2 protein in a concentration- and dose-dependent manner.

FUNCTIONS AND USES OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
*Traditional Uses:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is historically used in Chinese medicine for treating fevers and infections

*Modern Applications:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract primarily known for its antimalarial properties; used in pharmaceutical formulations to treat malaria, especially drug-resistant strains

*Pharmacological Effects:
Antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, potential anticancer activity in ongoing research

GLOBAL SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT MARKET DRIVERS:
The demand for and growth of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) extract is impacted by a number of factors.
a few significant market forces:

*Increasing Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract Demand:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, a substance utilised in the creation of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of malaria, is abundant in sweet wormwood extract.
The market for Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is expanding due to the increase in demand for artemisinin on a global scale.

*Malaria prevalence:
Malaria continues to be a significant worldwide health concern, particularly in areas where the disease is more common.
The necessity for efficient malaria therapy is what drives the demand for Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract-based medications, which are made from sweet wormwood extract.

*Emphasis on Natural and Herbal Remedies:
The demand for Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is influenced by consumers’ growing desire for herbal and natural medicines.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is prized for both its possible therapeutic purposes and historical importance.

*Activities in Research and Development:
The investigation of new uses and possible health advantages of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is aided by ongoing research and development initiatives in the fields of herbal medicine and natural substances.

*Governmental Measures to Combat Malaria:
The demand for artemisinin and Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is driven by government-led initiatives and programmes focused at combating malaria, particularly in endemic areas.

*Pharmaceutical Industry Growth:
The pharmaceutical sector is expanding, and novel medicine combinations and formulations containing Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract help to expand the market.

*Increasing Public Knowledge of Herbal Supplements:
Consumer interest and market demand are fueled by growing knowledge of the possible health advantages of herbal supplements, particularly Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.

*Global Initiatives to Fight Tropical Illnesses:
With its anti-malarial capabilities, Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract contributes to the global effort to fight tropical diseases.
Market expansion is aided by joint initiatives and support for disease prevention.

*Sustainable Environmental Practises:
Since Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is made from the plant’s aerial portions, sweet wormwood production is frequently seen as environmentally sustainable.
Customers find this feature appealing, which helps the market expand.

*Increasing the Variety of Products Offered:
Pharmaceutical and herbal supplement businesses are broadening their product lines to include sweet wormwood extract in a range of dosages, including capsules, tinctures, and extracts.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
*Artemisinin:
The primary bioactive compound, a sesquiterpene lactone with potent antimalarial properties
*Other Compounds in Extract:
Flavonoids, essential oils, and phenolic acids contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

DESCRIPTION OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua, a herb described in Chinese traditional medicine.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, also known as Qinghaosu, and its derivatives such as Artesunate, Artemether, Dihydroartemisinin, etc. are a group of drugs that possess the most rapid action of all current drugs against falciparum malaria.

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is prepared with hot water to treat fever.
Owing to duplication in ancient TCM sources, Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract is more commonly referred to as qinghao (Chinese: 青蒿; pinyin: qīnghāo), the modern Chinese name for Artemisia carvifolia, as opposed to its current Chinese name huanghuahao.

SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST:
The global Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia Annua) Extract Market size was valued at USD 75 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 225.3 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 19.8% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

PLANT DESCRIPTION OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Artemisia annua belongs to the plant family of Asteraceae and is an annual short-day plant.
Its stem is erect brownish or violet brown.
The plant itself is hairless and naturally grows from 30 to 100 cm tall, although in cultivation it is possible for plants to reach a height of 200 cm.

The leaves of A. annua have a length of 3–5 cm and are divided by deep cuts into two or three small leaflets.
The intensive aromatic scent of the leaves is characteristic.
The Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract content in dried leaves is in between 0% and 1.5%.

New hybrids of Artemisia annua developed in Switzerland can reach a leaf artemisinin content of up to 2%.
The small flowers have a diameter of 2–2.5 mm and are arranged in loose panicles.

Their color is greenish yellow.
The seeds are brown achenes with a diameter of only 0.6–0.8 mm.
Their thousand-kernel weight (TKW) averages around 0.03 g (in comparison, wheat has a TKW of approximately 45 g)

DOSING OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Arthritis: A. annua extract 150 mg twice daily for 12 weeks was evaluated in a study of patients with osteoarthritis.
Malaria: Dried leaf A. annua dosed at 500 mg twice daily for 5 days was evaluated in a study of patients with severe malaria resistant to previous Artemisia therapies.

HISTORY OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
The Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) herb has been used medicinally to treat fever for more than 2,000 years, and to treat malaria for more than 1,000 years in China.

Quinghao, the Chinese term for the plant, means "from the green herb.
Editions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China document the therapeutic use of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract for treating fever and malaria. A. annua is prepared with hot water according to traditional Chinese medicine.

The earliest record of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract's clinical use was found in the Wu Shi Er Bing Fang (Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases), which was unearthed from the Ma Wang Dui tomb at Changsha, Hunan in 1973.

In the fourth century, medicinal use of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract for fever was described in the Chinese Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency Treatments.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract was isolated from A. annua in 1972, and its structure was elucidated in 1979.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, the most studied derivative, and its semisynthetic derivatives, arteether, artemether, and artesunate, have been clinically evaluated and were previously the only antimalarial drugs to which clinical resistance had not been documented.

In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) Roll Back Malaria Partnership issued a statement in response to increasing antimalarial drug resistance rates, recommending that treatment policies for falciparum malaria in all countries experiencing resistance to monotherapies be modified to include combination therapies, preferably those containing an Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extractderivative.

However, signs of resistance to Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract-based combination therapy and artesunate monotherapy have emerged; response and planned containment measure strategies have been initiated by the WHO and malaria control programs.

CHEMISTRY OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Numerous and extensive phytochemical investigations of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract have been conducted.
In general, most studies examine the sesquiterpine Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extractand dihydroartemisinin.
Only select studies will be discussed from the large amount of literature.

About 38 amorphane and cadinane sesquiterpenes have been isolated from Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.
Most of the medicinal components of the plant are found in the leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds.

The sesquiterpene trioxane lactone Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, which contains a peroxide bridge essential for its medicinal activity, is the main active compound in Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.
Dihydroartemisinin is the reduced form and active metabolite of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.

Artesunate is a water-soluble hemisuccinate derivative of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.
Artemether is a lipid-soluble methyl ether derivative of artemisinin and is more active than Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.
Artesunate is a water-soluble hemisuccinate and semisynthetic derivative of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.

Artemether is a lipid-soluble methyl ether derivative of artemisinin and is more active than Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.
Arteether is a lipid-soluble ethyl ether derivative of dihydroartemisinin.

Some other important Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract derivatives include alpha-artelinic acid, arteanniun B, and 4-(p-substituted phenyl)-4(R or S)-(10 [alpha or beta]-dihydroartemisininoxy) butyric acids, which are dihydroartemisinin derivatives, as well as arteflene (a synthetic derivative) and semisynthetic artemisinin trioxanes (C-10 carbon-substituted and 10 deoxoartemisinin compounds).

The highest concentration of artemisinin is found in Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) leaves prior to flowering.
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract concentrations from wild Artemisia range from 0.01% to 0.5% (w/w).

An ethnopharmacology study showed that 40% of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract may be extracted from the aerial parts of the plant by simple tea preparation methods.

Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract contains the sterols sitosterol and stigmaterol.
The plant's essential oil, Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract, is composed of linalool, 1,8-cineol, p-cymene, thujone, and camphor.

In addition, 17 methoxylated flavones and 4 coumarins have been found in the plant.
Flavones (eg, casticin, chrysoplenetin, chrysosplenol-D, cirsilineol) in A. annua enhance the antimalarial activity of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) Extract.

BOTANY OF SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Sweet Wormwood (Artemisinin) belongs to the Asteraceae family and is an annual herb native to China and commonly found in the northern parts of the Chahar and Suiyan provinces as part of the natural vegetation.

However, the plant now grows in several countries, including Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and the United States.
The herb's dissected leaves measure 2 to 5 cm in length.
It is single-stemmed and has alternate branches growing more than 2 m in height.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
Molecular Weight: 282.33
Formula: C₁₅H₂₂O₅
CAS No.: 63968-64-9
SMILES: O=C1[C@H](C)[C@]2([H])CC[C@@H](C)[C@]3([H])CC[C@@](O4)(C)OO[C@]32[C@]4([H])O1
EC Number: 206-131-9 (for Artemisinin)
CAS Number: 63968-64-9 (for Artemisinin)
Molecular Formula: C15H22O5 (for Artemisinin)
Molecular Weight: 282.34 g/mol
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder (for pure Artemisinin)
Odor: Odorless or slight characteristic scent
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and oils
Melting Point: 152-157°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Flash Point: Not applicable
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic in solution

FIRST AID MEASURES of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SWEET WORMWOOD (ARTEMISININ) EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available