PRODUCTS

TALL OİL FATTY ACID

Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid.

CAS NO: 61790-12-3
EC NO:263-107-3

IUPAC NAMES:
Fatty acids, tall-oil

SYNONYMS:
disproportionated tall oil fatty acid
fatty acids, tall-oil
tall oil acids
tall oil fatty acid
tall oil fatty acids
westvaco 1480
61790-12-3
H9HR63474M
Acids, tall oil
Fatty acids, tall oil
Tall oil acid
Fatty acids, tall-oil
Disproportionated tall oil fatty acid
EINECS 263-107-3
Tall oil acids
Tall oil fatty acids
UNII-H9HR63474M
Tallol; Liquid rosin; Talloel (German);
Aceite de resina (Spanish); Tallol (French);
tall;TALL OIL L-1;Talloilacids;Acids,talloil;TALL OIL ACID;TALLOELFETTSAEUREN;Tall oil fatty acid;Fattyacids,tall-oil;Disproportionatedtalloilfattyacid;Talllfettsuren (Harzsuregehalt <2 %)

TALL OİL FATTY ACID

Tall oil, also called "liquid rosin" or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees.[1][2] The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil").[3] Tall oil is the third largest chemical by-product in a Kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude tall oil from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp.[4] It may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally.

Contents
1 Manufacturing
2 Composition
3 Applications
4 References
Manufacturing
In the Kraft Process, high alkalinity and temperature converts the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20–30%. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil (CTO).
The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well.

Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined.[2]

Composition
See also: Resin acid
The composition of crude tall oil varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for tall oil is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135.[2]

Normally crude tall oil contains rosins (which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates.[3]

By fractional distillation tall oil rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids.

Applications
The tall oil rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid are useful in a wide range of industrial applications including fuel additives, alkyd resins, dimer acids, surfactants, cleaners, oil field chemicals, lubricant esters and other chemical derivatives. The use of these product ranges can be found in the long carbon chain (C18), the acid function of the carboxyl group (COOH) and the unsaturation of the double bonds.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid is an ideal raw material for many chemical reactions and intermediates. The most common applications for Tall Oil Fatty Acid are paints and coatings, biolubricants, fuel additives and performance polymer.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is is a light-colored tall oil fatty acid produced via the fractional distillation of crude tall oil. It is most commonoly used as an intermediate to make various alkyd resins.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. Tall oil fatty acids are sold in markets that use them in raw form and as precursors to synthesize an array of products. TOFA derivatives include dimers, alkyds, PVC stabilizers, synthetic lubricant polyamides, and a variety of oilfield chemicals.

Low sulfur tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is designed specifically for the fuel segment as a diesel fuel additive. Tall oil fatty acids is obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil, a by-product from the pulping of pine trees.

Tall oil fatty acids are used in dimer acids, alkyd resins, oilfield chemicals, metalworking fluids, liquid cleaners, textile chemicals, fuel additives, construction chemicals, rubber and tire, metallic stabilizers, ore flotation, and fatty derivatives.

Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) consist primarily of oleic and linoleic acids and are obtained by the distillation of crude tall oil. Crude tall oil, a by‐product of the kraft pulping process, is a mixture of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponifiables. These components are separated from one another by a series of distillations. Several grades of TOFA are available depending on rosin, unsaponifiable content, color, and color stability. Typical compositions of tall oil fatty acid products are shown.

Tall oil fatty acids have a variety of applications. The largest uses of TOFA traditionally have been in coatings, primarily alkyd resins where grades of higher rosin content predominate. Since the 1970s their use as chemical intermediates in applications, which includes manufacture of dimer acids and epoxidized TOFA esters, has exceeded their use in coatings. The more highly refined, low rosin grades are required for their application as intermediates. Other areas of significant use are in soaps, detergents, and ore flotation. Worldwide crude tall oil fractionating capacity and domestic production and prices of TOFA are given. TOFA pricing is strongly dependent on soya fatty acid prices since these materials are often used in the same application.

Tall Oil Fatty Acids are used as a chemical intermediate and also as an additive for cosmetic or pharmaceutic preparations.

Abstract: In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain.

Nowadays Tall oil fatty acids are regarded as polymer precursors and have gained increasing interest in different spheres of the academic and industrial areas. It is a good source for the production of different polymers, such as polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, polyamides, epoxy resins, alkyd resins [2,65–67]. Vegetable oils containing fatty acids are regarded as a starting material for polymer synthesis, however, Tall oil fatty acids have several advantages in comparison with other oils studied for polymer synthesis. Tall oil fatty acids, which are one of the main components of TO, are free of glyceride backbone in the molecules which were eliminated during the acidification process in Kraft pulping of cellulose liberating procedure to yield free Tall oil fatty acids. Another important advantage of Tall oil fatty acids is the sufficiently high iodine value (around 155 g of I2/100 g) compared to the vast majority of vegetable oils (for example,
for soybean oil, the iodine value is 100–170 g of I2/100 g , and for rapeseed oil less than 125 g of I2/100 g]). The higher iodine value means that Tall oil fatty acids have a larger amount of double bonds present in their structure available for chemical reactions.
The use of TOFA as a renewable feedstock for polymer synthesis can be achieved through chemical modification. Tall oil fatty acids have two reactive sites in the molecule–a carboxylic group and one to three double bonds. That allows using Tall oil fatty acids for both esterification and epoxidation reactions

Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is created by the reduction of tall oil rosin and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing of rubber, paper, soaps and detergents, printing inks, metalworking fluids, corrosion inhibitors and plasticizers.

Common applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid are detergents, metalworking, petroleum production, dimers, and rubbers.

TOFA is produced by breaking down crude tall oil (CTO). CTO is a byproduct of papermaking, especially the Kraft Pulp Process. It is a dark brown viscous substance that contains naturally occurring resin acids, fatty acids and neutral components found in the wood of various pine species. TOFA is therefore obtained from natural resources, namely trees.

Tall Oil Acid is a mixture of oleic, linoleic, and rosin acids derived from the hydrolysis of tall oil, a byproduct of wood pulp. Cosmetics formulated with Tall Oil Acid include hair dyes and bleaches, shampoos, skin cleansing preparations, and a shaving cream. Tall Oil Acid is approved for use as an indirect food additive.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid (CAS No. 61790-12-3) is defined in the Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary as the mixture of fatty acids and rosin acids recovered from the hydrolysis and fractional distillation of Tall Oil. It is a byproduct of wood pulp.(’) Tall Oil Acid, as used in cosmetic products, is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a characteristic fatty odor and consists mainly of oleic acid (40%), linoleic acid (38%), other fatty acids (13%), and rosin acids (0.6%).

Method of Manufacture
Tall Oil is produced from the byproducts of the Kraft pulping of rosinous woods, mainly pine. The rosins and fatty acids in the wood are both dissolved in and saponified by the alkaline cooking medium and occur in the black liquor as sodium soaps. When concentrated and cooled, these soaps separate as skimmings, which are then removed and acidified to yield Tall Oil.(5) The fatty acid fraction resulting from saponification is refined by fractional distillation at low temperatures and pressure to become Tall Oil fatty acid.''

Cosmetic
Tall Oil fatty acid is used as a substitute for oleic acid or other fatty acids in formulating cosmetics. It is converted to a soap by reaction with bases and then used primarily as a conditioner or emulsifier in hair dyes and bleaches.'') Tall Oil fatty acid was reported as used in 139 cosmetic formulations by the voluntary reporting program of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Of these, 134 formulations containing Tall Oil fatty acid were hair dyes and bleaches. Tall Oil fatty acid was also used in two shampoos, two skin cleansing preparations, and one shaving cream. The majority of the hair dyes and bleaches contained
Tall Oil fatty acid in the >10-25% range.

Non Cosmetic
Tall Oil fatty acid is approved for use as a defoaming agent used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products and coatings of articles intended for use in packaging, transporting, or holding food.‘” The use of Tall Oil fatty acid in preparations of edible oils and edible fat compositions has been Tall Oil fatty acid is used as a raw material for protective coatings,
particularly in alkyd resins, soaps, detergents, and disinfectants.(12) Large quantities of Tall Oil Acid are also used as intermediate chemicals; they are further processed or modified chemically before being incorporated into a product o used in production. Some examples of their use as intermediate chemicals include: conversion to Tall Oil Fatty Acid amines, polymerization to form dimers for use in adhesives and printing inks, conversion to epoxidized esters for the stabilization and plasticization of polyvinyl chloride resins, condensation with ethylene oxide to form detergents and general purpose surfactants,
and esterification for use as lubricants and textile processing aids.

Description:
Tall oil is obtained in the manufacturing process of paper pulp, from conifers, by the Kraft process.

Main uses:
Lubricants
Detergents, soaps and Esterquats
Textile / fiber
Printing ink
Mining
Adhesives

Tall Oil fatty acid, also known as TOFA, is derived from tall oil, which is a viscous, dark yellow, fragrant liquid. Tall oil (or tallol, tallolja – “pine oil” in Swedish), is obtained as a by-product of the kraft process (wood pulp transformation into paper) when the wood consists mainly of conifers.

Product Description
Tall Oil fatty acid contains 1-5% rosin acid. It is an excellent raw material for various industries including mining, printing, cement & masonry, adhesives, papermaking, cleaning compounds, defoamers, industrial & household cleaners. It can also be used as a drying agent in coatings and inks and as anionic & nonionic surfactants for textile.

It is also used in for the production of high-quality dimer acids, esters, alkyd resins, flotation reagents, metalworking fluids, imidazoline corrosion inhibitors as well as soaps and detergents, and others.

Features and Benefits

It has a low titer value, high acid value, and high flash point.
It has excellent emulsifying properties.

Application

It is used in for the production of metalworking fluids, high-quality dimer acids, esters, alkyd resins and flotation reagents
It is also used in several applications including cement & masonry, adhesives, papermaking, cleaning compounds, mining, printing, industrial & household cleaners.

Fatty acids are mainly used in the production of soap, both for cosmetic purposes and, in the case of metallic soaps, as lubricants. Fatty acids are also converted, via their methyl esters, to fatty alcohols and fatty amines, which are precursors to surfactants, detergents, and lubricants. Other applications include their use as emulsifiers, texturizing agents, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, or stabilizing agents.

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are usually produced industrially by the hydrolysis of vegetable oils (triglycerides), with the removal of glycerine.

What is Tall Oil Fatty Acids?
Tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs) are fatty acids obtained by the fractionation of crude tall oil. They contain oleic acids (50%), linoleic acids (35%), and others (8%).Through dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids, TOFAs are modified into dimer acids, and then used as raw material for polyamide amines used for epoxy curing agents and thermoplastic polyamide resins, which are used in paints, inks, and adhesives.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid is a tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) acting as a plasticizer in rubber to aid in processing. It combines a long carbon chain (C18) of relatively high unsaturation with the acid functionality of a carboxyl group (-COOH). It exhibits low viscosity, reactive poly-unsaturation and low saturated fatty acid- and bio-based content. Tall Oil Fatty Acid is used in lubricant additives, specialty industrial and household cleaners, oilfield chemicals, asphalt emulsifiers, metalworking fluids, dimer acids and alkyd resins. It shows compatibility with other liquid fatty acid and vegetable oils.

Description
Liquid; [IUCLID] Light amber oily liquid with a bland odor of tall oil;

Sources/Uses
Used for synthesis in the chemical industry, in the paints-lacquers-varnishes and paper-pulp-board industries, and as an intermediate; Also used in cosmetics (hair dyes and bleaches, shampoos, skin cleansers, and shaving creams) and is approved as an indirect food additive; [IUCLID] Used as an intermediate (chemical product, basic organic chemical, resin and synthetic rubber, soap and cleaning compound, and tire manufacturing), lubricant (chemical product and petroleum and coal product manufacturing), surface active agent (chemical product manufacturing, nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying, and textile and fabric finishing mills), flotation agent (chemical product and resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing), and corrosion inhibitor (petroleum and coal product manufacturing); Also used in agricultural products (non-pesticidal), glass and ceramic products, lubricants, greases, fuel additives, paints, coatings, paper products, fabrics, apparel, and detergents; [EPA ChAMP: Initial Risk-Based Prioritization: Supporting Documents] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products;

What Is It?
Tall Oil Acid, a clear, pale yellow liquid, is a byproduct of wood pulp. Ammonium Tallate, Potassium Tallate and Sodium Tallate are salts of Tall Oil Acid. In cosmetics and personal care products, Tall Oil Acid and its salts may be used in hair dyes and bleaches, shampoos, skin cleansing preparations and shaving cream.

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Tall Oil Acid and its salts clean skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. These ingredients also help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.

Scientific Facts:
Tall Oil Acid is a mixture of fatty acids and rosin acids that is obtained from tall oil, a byproduct from the pulping of pine trees. Ammonium Tallate, Potassium Tallate and Sodium Tallate are salts of Tall Oil Acid.

Tall Oil Fatty Acid, or TOFA, is a viscous liquid that has a slightly yellow tint. A source of low boiling point fatty acid, it is widely used in the production of synthetic lubrication and will have different uses depending on the percentage of Rosin in the TOFA. Rosin is the solid form of resin obtained from plants and when heated can be used as an ingredient in printing inks, soaps and sealing waxes. TOFA can also be used in a multitude of other applications like in rubbers, inks and many times used as an emulsifier. Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) is also used in metalworking fluids, industrial cleaners, lubricant esters, alkyd resins, and dimer acids.

Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is a low cost unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and is a source of low boiling point fatty acids widly used in synthetic lubricants industry. Which have light in color and low in rosin, is a consistent, cost-effective, source of liquid fatty acid. The utility of tall oil fatty acid can be found in the long carbon chain (C18) acid function of the carboxyl group (-COOH) or unsaturation of the double bonds.

APPLICATIONS & USES
alkyds and other protective coating resins
chemical intermediates
corrosion inhibitors
defoamers
emulsifiers
epoxy resin esters
lubricants
metalworking fluid
plasticizers
printing ink
rubber paper
soaps & detergent
synthetic detergents

Brief Overview
Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is derived from purified tall oil, which is a by-product of the Kraft process. Tall oil fatty acid is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly used to produce soaps and lubricants. It is also capable of going through chemical reactions to be used as a component in adhesives, varnishes, curing agents, and drilling oils.

Synthetic Process
Crude tall oil is the by-product from the Kraft process, produced by skimming off of soap from the multiple-effect evaporator. The soap collected undergoes acidification to produce crude tall oil. Fractional distillation of crude tall oil produces tall oil rosin. By further reduction of rosin content from 10-35% to 1-10%, Tall Oil Fatty Acid is obtained, consisting mainly of oleic acid.

Tall oil fatty acids are a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. The fraction of tall oil fatty acids is represented by liolic, linolenic, oleinic and other acids. The fraction of tall oil fatty acids is obtained after separation of tall oil pitch, tall oil rosin, and distilled tall oil fractions, as well as a fraction of unsaponifiable matters.

Common applications:
Manufacture of Substances
Farmers emulsions
Drilling muds
Asphalt additives
Washing fluids

The main components of tall oil fatty acid are oleic acid and linoleic acid, which can be used as raw materials and mineral processing agents for dimer acid, paint, metalworking fluid, etc.

Tall oil is also known as tallol or liquid rosin, is obtained from coniferous trees and pine trees, and consist of the main three components: resin acids, unsaponifiables, and fatty acids. Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is produced when carboxylic acids and esters are exposed to a temperature in the kraft process of paper pulping. Tall oil fatty acid is used as a vulcanizing and stabilizing agent in rubber manufacturing.

Tall oil or liquid resin is actually a by-product of the process of converting wood into pulp. Although its structure varies according to the type of tree used, the mostly used quality control method is the acid number.

The acid number of tall oil obtained from pine tree varies between 160-165, while the acid number of tall oil obtained from a mixture of hardwood or softwood resins varies between 125-135.

The chemical content of raw tall oil is approximately as follows;
Rosin
Unsaponifiable sterol (5-10%)
Resin acids (high content of abietic acid and its isomers)
Fatty acids (palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid)
Fatty alcohols
Sterols
Alkyl hydrocarbon derivatives
Tall oil resin is obtained with the amount of resin varying between 10-35% by the fractional distillation method. Then, TOFA is obtained by reducing the amount of resin to between 1-10%. TOFA contains a high content of oleic acid.

TOFA, which was available from SEKA paper mill in Turkey before it was privatized, is now procured from abroad. This shows once again the contribution of privatization to the domestic economy.

A tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) with high fatty acid content and low content of 2% rosin acids and unsaponifiables. The fatty acid fraction consists primarily of oleic and linoleic acids. The light colour together with excellent colour stability and air drying properties are derived from its origin, the northern pine.

Uses for Tall oil fatty acid:
Alkyd resins for paints
Dimer acid manufacture
Soaps and detergents

Tall Oil Fatty Acid a pure fatty acid with a low level of rosin acids and a low level of unsaponifiables, which make it an ideal raw material for many chemical reactions and intermediates can be used in metal working fluids, oil field chemicals, soaps, cleaners and alkyd resins.

Tall Oil, also known as liquid rosin, is a resinous yellow-black oily liquid composed of a mixture of rosins, fatty acids, sterols, high-molecular alcohols, and other alkyl chain materials; obtained as a byproduct in the treatment of pine pulp. The crude tall oil is distilled into tall oil rosin (having the rosin content of 10 - 35%), further refinery gives to tall oil fatty acid (the rosin content of 1 - 10%). Pitch is used as a emulsifier of asphalt and as a binder of cement and adhesive. Rosin is used as a raw material for rubbers, paper size, inks, and adhesives. It is used as an emulsifier in SBR polymerization for fluidity increasing. It is used in ore flotation, corrosion inhibitors and crude dimers applications. Tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is a low cost unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and is a source of low boiling point fatty acids. It is an alternative to tallow fatty acid in soap applications. It is used as a dryer in varnishes and paints. It is used in paper sizes, inks, adhesives, alkyd resins, linoleum, oilcloth, cleaners, lubricants, dimer acids, surfactants, oil field chemicals, greases and ore flotation reagents.

TALL OIL CRUDE
ACID VALUE
140 min (mg KOH/gr)

ROSIN ACID
32.0% min

UNSAPONIFIABLES

4.0% max

MOISTURE

0.5% max

TALL OIL ROSIN
INSOLUBLES
0.03% max (in methylbenzene)

ACID VALUE
161 min (mg KOH/gr)

SAP VALUE
167 min (mg KOH/gr)

TALL OIL FATTY ACIDS
ACID VALUE
190 min (mg KOH/gr)

FATTY ACIDS
90.0% min

COLOR, GARDNER
10 max

UNSAPONIFIABLES
10.0% max

TOFA (Tall Oil Fatty Acid) is a by-product mixture of saponified fatty acids (30%–60%), resin acids (40%–60%, including mostly abietic and pimaric acids), and unsaponifiables (5%–10%) derived from the wood extractives of softwoods. Crude Tall Oil Fatty Acid is isolated from acidified skimming of partially concentrated black liquor. It is collected and refined at special plants. The refined products are sold commercially for soaps, rosin size, etc. Typically, 30–50 kg/t (60–100 lbs/ton) on pulp may be recovered from highly resinous species representing about 30%–70% recovery. Tall Oil Fatty Acid is recovered from mills pulping resinous species such as the southern pines. The pulp and paper industry recovers about 450,000 tons of crude Tall Oil Fatty Acid annually.

TOFA, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol or Tall Oil Fatty Acid, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid.

Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA)
The Tall Oil Fatty Acid rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt.

Characteristics of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA)
100% bio-based content
Low viscosity, liquid long fatty acid (C18) chain
Reactive polyunsaturation
Light color and good color stability (based on grade)
Low rosin content
Good air drying properties
Grades
Low color
Low sulfur
0.5% to 3% rosin content
Size available
Bulk rail car
Bulk tank truck
Totes (IBC)
Drums

Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA)
Chemical manufacturing
Esters, amides, amines, soaps
CASE
Alkyd resins, plasticizers
Textiles
Spinning lubricants
Oilfield
Emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors for drilling muds
Lubricants & metalworking
Group IV base oils, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers

Abstract
Tall Oil Fatty Acids consist primarily of oleic and linoleic acids and are obtained by the distillation of crude tall oil. Crude tall oil, a by‐product of the kraft pulping process, is a mixture of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponifiables. These components are separated from one another by a series of distillations. Several grades of Tall Oil Fatty Acid are available depending on rosin, unsaponifiable content, color, and color stability. Typical compositions of Tall Oil Fatty Acid products are shown.

Tall Oil Fatty Acids have a variety of applications. The largest uses of Tall Oil Fatty Acid traditionally have been in coatings, primarily alkyd resins where grades of higher rosin content predominate. Since the 1970s their use as chemical intermediates in applications, which includes manufacture of dimer acids and epoxidized Tall Oil Fatty Acid esters, has exceeded their use in coatings. The more highly refined, low rosin grades are required for their application as intermediates. Other areas of significant use are in soaps, detergents, and ore flotation. Worldwide crude tall oil fractionating capacity and domestic production and prices of Tall Oil Fatty Acid are given. Tall Oil Fatty Acid pricing is strongly dependent on soya fatty acid prices since these materials are often used in the same application.

Tall oil fatty acid refers to mixtures of several related carboxylic acids, primarily abietic acid, found in tree resins. Nearly all Tall oil fatty acids have the same basic skeleton: three fused rings having the empirical formula C19H29COOH. Tall oil fatty acids are tacky, yellowish gums that are water-insoluble. They are used to produce soaps for diverse applications, but their use is being displaced increasingly by synthetic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or petroleum-derived naphthenic acids.