TBP

TBP is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO.
TBP is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.
TBP is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.
TBP is an endocrine disrupting compound.

CAS Number: 126-73-8
EC Number: 204-800-2
IUPAC Name: tributyl phosphate
Chemical Formula: C12H27O4P

Other names: 126-73-8, Tri-n-butyl phosphate, Tributylphosphate, Phosphoric acid tributyl ester, Disflamoll TB, Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester, Tributoxyphosphine oxide, Tri-N-butylphosphate, Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO), Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester, NSC 8484, CCRIS 6106, DTXSID3021986, N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE, HSDB 1678, Tributylphsophate, Kronitex TBP, UNII-95UAS8YAF5, EINECS 204-800-2, BRN 1710584, AI3-00399, Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid, NSC-8484, Syn-O-Ad 8412, DTXCID701986, TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE [MI], TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB], NSC8484, EC 204-800-2, Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester, 4-01-00-01531 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE [MART.], TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH], TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE (MART.), TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE (EP MONOGRAPH), TriNbutylphosphate, Trinbutyl phosphate, Butyl phosphate, tri, tributylphosphoric acid, tri-(n-butyl)-phosphate, Phosphate, tributyl ester, TRIBUTYL phosphoric acid, Phosphate tri-N-butyl ester, Tri-N-butyl phosphoric acid, Tributyle (phosphoric acid de), Tributyl phosphate (ACGIH:OSHA), BUTYL PHOSPHATE ((BUO)3PO), PHOSPHORIC ACID, TRI-BUTYL ESTER, butyl phosphoric acid, inchi=1/c12h27o4p/c1-4-7-10-14-17(13,15-11-8-5-2)16-12-9-6-3/h4-12h2,1-3h, stcooqwbfonsky-uhfffaoysa-n, Butyl phosphate, Tributylphosphat, Celluphos 4, tbpa, Tributilfosfato, Tributylfosfaat, Tributyle (phosphate de), Butyl phosphate, tri-, Tributylfosfat, 95UAS8YAF5, CHEBI:35019, Tributylfosfat [Czech], Tributylfosfaat [Dutch], Tributilfosfato [Italian], Tributylphosphat [German], CAS-126-73-8, TNBP, Tributyle (phosphate de) [French], MCS 2495, Tri-n-butyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid tributyl ester, MFCD00009436, Tributyle(phosphate de), tris(1-butyl) phosphate, Tributyl phosphate, 97%, Tributyl phosphate, 99%, bmse000777, Tributyl phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Tributyl Phosphate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, SCHEMBL18570, Tributyl phosphate, >=99%, BIDD:ER0345, CHEMBL1371096, MSK9048, LCA19626, Tox21_201872, Tox21_300107, WLN: 4OPO & O4 & O4, AKOS015995460, FT34586, Tributyl phosphate, analytical standard, NCGC00091588-01, NCGC00091588-02, NCGC00091588-03, NCGC00091588-04, NCGC00254202-01, NCGC00259421-01, NS00010255, P0266, Tributyl phosphate, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), Tributyl phosphate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, Tributyl phosphate, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%, Q613394, F1905-7225, Tributyl phosphate, 10 mug/mL in hexane, analytical standard, Tri-n-butyl phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Tributyl phosphate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

USES OF TBP
TBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.
TBP forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. 
The major uses of TBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.
TBP finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As TBP has no odour, TBP is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
TBP is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.
In oil-based lubricants addition of TBP increases the oil film strength.
TBP is used also in mercerizing liquids, where TBP improves their wetting properties.
TBP can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
TBP is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

TBP is a strong polar solvent used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
In both cellulose based plastics and synthetic resins, TBP is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer.
TBP is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes.
Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of TBP, also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.

As a very strong wetting agent, TBP is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives.
As a neutral extractant it is able to extract both acids and metal cations.
TBP is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, lacquers, and natural gums,  as a primary plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics and  vinyl resins, and as an antifoam agent 
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the use of TBP as an extractant in the dissolution process in conventional  nuclear  fuel processing  and in the preparation of purified phosphoric  acid (wet phosphoric acid  method)  

Some 40% to 60% of all TBP consumed (probably in the USA) is used as a base stock in the formulation of fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids (US EPA, 1985).  
In Japan, 140 tonnes was used in 1984 as an antifoaming agent (mainly in paper manufacturing plants), 40 tonnes as a metal extractant, and 50 tonnes for miscellaneous purposesa. 
TBP is also used as a constituent of cotton defoliants, which act by producing leaf scorching .

shortly,
stable
very good solvent
antifoaming agent.
a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.
a complexing agent in the extraction of heavy metals, especially for the extraction of metal ions from solutions of reactor products in nuclear fuel reprocessing.
an aircraft hydraulic fluid.
a heat exchange medium and dielectric.
a pigment-grinding agent.

APPLICATIONS OF TBP
TBP is a very strong, polar solvent.
TBP is used as strong wetting agent in the textile industry and as antifoam agent. 
In addition TBP is applied as neutral extractant in the extraction of acids or metal cations.
TBP was employed as:
solvent in the solvent-detergent method for production of immunoglobulin for inactivation of viruses with lipid envelope on the model of duck hepatitis B virus
ligand in the extraction of lanthanide ions from solid and liquid materials by supercritical CO2
extractant for metal complexes
TBP defoamer is a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, chlorinated rubber and polyvinyl chloride, rare metal extractant, etc., developed, soluble in many organic solvents, insoluble Yushui is widely used in a wide range of industries.

Due to its low surface tension,TBP defoamer is hardly soluble in water and can be used as an industrial defoamer, effectively defoaming the formed foam film in an unstable state.
TBP defoamer is suitable for using in building material, communal facilities, structural engineering, ACE coating, printing ink, adhesive, emulsion polymerization, etc. 
Advantages of TBP defoamer
Fast defoaming ability, lasting foam suppressing effect, small dosage, not any effect to the basic property of foaming system.
Good heat resistance, good chemical stability, non-corrosive, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, no adverse side affect.
Comparable with top quality product on market, while the price is much more affordable. 

TBP application areas are shortly;
Catalysis and Chemicals Processing
Chemical synthesis
Polymers
Manufacturing of plastics
Manufacturing of rubber, latex
Hydraulic oils
Dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners

Defoamer is paints, emulsions, adhesives, petroleum drilling, paper making industry, detergents and ethylene glycol-based antifreezes
Hydrometallurgical extraction and purification of rare earth metals from the ores
Solvent for inks, resins, gums and adhesive
Plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate
Nonflammable constituent for hydraulic fluids
increasing the film stability of oil-based lubricants
Herbicides, pesticides and fungicides
Wetting improvement in mercerizing liquids in textile applications

PRODUCTION OF TBP
TBP is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.
POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl
Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON TBP
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of TBP in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid, as part of a nuclear reprocessing process known as PUREX.
The shipment of 20 tons of TBP to North Korea from China in 2002, coinciding with the resumption of activity at Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, was seen by the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency as cause for concern;
that amount was considered sufficient to extract enough material for perhaps three to five potential nuclear weapons.

Separation of TBP on Newcrom R1 HPLC column
TBP can be analyzed by this reverse phase (RP) HPLC method with simple conditions. The mobile phase contains an acetonitrile (MeCN), water, and phosphoric acid. For Mass-Spec (MS) compatible applications the phosphoric acid needs to be replaced with formic acid. Smaller 3 µm particles columns available for fast UPLC applications. This liquid chromatography method is scalable and can be used for isolation impurities in preparative separation. It also suitable for pharmacokinetics.

Based on product type, the TBP market is segmented into:
Purity:98%
Purity:90%

Based on application, the critical market of TBP is segmented into:
Extractant
Solvent
Defoaming Agent
Others