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Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Mainly used in polyurethane foam flame retardant and PVC flame retardant plasticization, etc. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate   Widely used in chemical fiber fabrics and cellulose acetate as flame retardant, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate    can improve water resistance, cold resistance, and antistatic property in addition to self-extinguishing. The general dosage is 5-10 parts.

CAS NUMBER: 13674-84-5

SYNONYM:
meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine; 4,4,4,4-(POrphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid); Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin; MFCD00064860; UNII-E9892W6IMC; CHEMBL374342; E9892W6IMC; meso-Tetraphenylporphine-4,4',4'',4'''-tetracarboxylic acid; 4,4',4'',4'''-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid); 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine; MTris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ; SCHEMBL709532; tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine; CCRIS 8701; HSDB 8470; BCP10890; KS-000016YP; BDBM50247530; meso-Tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine; CS-W009568; LS41395; AK306931; DS-11293; SY014907; 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine; 5,10,15,20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin; 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin; 5-10-15-20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin; 609T542; Q27277036; Nickel ionophore II, Selectophore(TM), function tested; MTris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ;Aids006254;Aids-006254;NICKEL IONOPHORE II;RARECHEM; 4,4',4'',4'''-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid), Dye content 75 %; 4-[10,15,20-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-21,23-dihydroporphyrin-5-yl]benzoic acid

Flame retardant Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  widely used in cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, and phenolic resin. Used as a flame retardant plasticizer. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can also be used as a metal extractant, lubricating oil and gasoline additive, and polyimide processing modifier. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  the oral toxicity LD50 of rats was 1410mg/kg. Lithium batteries are commonly used as flame retardants. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is used as a flammability agent due to phosphorus and chlorine in its structure. It also has a plasticizer effect. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate has low temperature resistance.Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is resistant to moisture because it is difficult hydrolysis. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is soluble in benzene and alcohol, while its solubility in water, oil and other hydrocarbons is low. PVC, rigid, flexible polyurethane foam and epoxy resin, polyacrylic fiber, ethyl cellulose resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin .

Benefits and Features of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  :A low cost chlorine and phosphorous based flame retardant. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has the best hydrolysis stability among currently available halogenated organic phosphates. Can not dissolve in water, dissolve in most organic solvent, and have good compatibility with resins. These properties are typical but do not constitute a specification either in part or as a whole. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  specification data is available on request from sales, customer service or customer technical service. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Packaging specifications 250 kg / barrel, 1250k / IBC barrel, ISO Tank, flexible container etc. Flame retardant, a flame retardant, plasticizer and viscosity regulator of various polymer types including d-Myo-inositol-1,4,5-rifosphate polyurethanes, polyester resins and polyacrylates. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is believed to replace Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ), an analog of TCEP. However, little is known about the toxicological effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  compared to TCEP. We used RNA sequencing as an objective and sensitive tool to identify and compare the effects on TCEP and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  at the transcriptome level in the human hepatose carcinoma cell line.

We found that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  had little cytotoxicity compared to other flame retardants. Treatment with lower cytotoxic concentrations of the two compounds revealed that both chemicals had similar effects;Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was found that both compounds affected genes involved in immune responses and steroid hormone biosynthesis, and similarly affected xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Specifically for effects on immune responses, both compounds have been shown to alter the expression of the receptor of the potent and pleiotropic complement component C5a. In addition, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphatewas found that genes encoding effector proteins in the complement cascade were altered in response to TCEP and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , as well as other potent inflammatory regulators, highlighting their potential effects on immune function. Taken together, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has similar effects compared to TCEP, and at low concentrations, the potential health effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  have similar effects compared to TCEP, where Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  will need to be further studied for a full risk assessment of the compound. At concentrations, the potential health effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  are considered to be further studied for a complete risk assessment of the compound. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is a general purpose chlorinated phosphate ester flame retardant used. The superiority is low odor, high heat stability, excellent hydrolysis stability, low viscosity, superior compatibility with resin which shows rigid and flexible polyurethane foams. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is recommended as flame retardant for PU foams, PVC and adhesives.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is primarily used as flame retardant in rigid and flexible polyurethane foams. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is insoluble in water and aliphatic hydrocarbons, relative density 1.27 -1.31, refractive index Due to both molecules containing phosphorus and chlorine elements, 1.4916 (21.5), viscosity 58mm2 / S, 32.8% chlorine content, 9.5% phosphorus content, flame retardant properties For polyvinyl plastic, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  moisture (2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chloride, polystyrene, phenolic resin and rubber, paint flame retardant, usually used together with antimony chloride, used to increase the Flame Retardant Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Effectiveness of Antimony Chloride 3. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Application (2-chloropropyl) phosphate Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is mainly used for soft and hard polyurethane foam, chlorinated resin, polyethylene, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose resin and phenolic plastic and gun type foam insulation material. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Thermal conductivity and especially for hard polyurethane foams Hydraulic stability, especially for ASTM84 (II), Polyurethane foams for compounds and unsaturated resins and phenolic plastics have low viscosity at low temperatures. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Antioxidants are used together to increase flame retardant effectiveness.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can be produced in a batch or continuous process. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with propylene oxide in presses is the cell of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in a closed reactor. The crude product is washed and dried in a closed vessel to remove acidic impurities and residual catalyst. All transfers are made using closed lines. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  The product is then filtered, transferred and packaged using closed pumps via closed lines. Storage is located in closed containers under nitrogen to exclude moisture and oxygen. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is used as flame retardant in rigid and flexible polyurethane foam. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  (tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate) is a flame retardant commonly used in polyurethane foam in consumer products and in home insulation, and in electronics. It is used as an additive to polyurethane foam and is not chemically bound, andTris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate escapes from products into the indoor environment. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  escapes over time from the foam it’s used in, and contaminates indoor air and house dust. Kids and adults alike are exposed to the flame retardant when they breathe.

Kids in particular are known to ingest house dust because of their tendency to put toys and their hands into their mouths.  Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is widely detected in household dust and indoor air as a result of consumer and home uses, and the compound and its breakdown product have been found in breast milk and urine. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate has been found in wastewater treatment plant effluent, surface water, and drinking water, and was the flame retardant found at the highest concentrations in Arctic air. Laboratory tests indicate Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  may impact nervous system development as well as thyroid hormone levels;Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate's similarity to the cancer-causing TCEP and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  also raises concern. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is currently under review by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Washington State Legislature passed a law in 2016 directing state agencies to assess the compound for possible restrictions. Manufacturers should choose safer materials and chemicals, including materials that do not require chemical flame retardants to meet flammability standards.

You can reduce your exposure to Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and other flame retardants used in polyurethane foam by making sure furniture you purchase is labeled as free of flame retardants. Spray-in polyurethane foam insulation may also be a source of exposure, so if you are adding insulation look for alternatives without toxic flame retardants. Make sure any children’s products you or your childcare provider use are not labeled as meeting the California TB 117 flammability standard. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  – (Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate)is an PU foam’s additive used as flame retardant in consumer products, home insulation and electronics. The product is a colorless liquid stable at ambient temperature and not volatile. It’s obtained by a reaction of 1-chloro-2-propanol with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of a catalyst.

Tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid. Its molecular formula is C9H18Cl3O4P. The chemical is used as a low-cost flame inhibitor in the production of bar-shaped and lump-shaped foam. Other applications include use as raw material for the manufacture of polyester foam plastic, binder and other resins.
Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is harmful if swallowed and is irritating to the respiratory system. The liquid chemical does not dissolve in water, but it can dissolve in organic solvents such as ethyl alcohol, acetone and others. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate has good heat conductivity and is a hydrolysis stabilizer with good retarding ability for containing phosphor and chlorine. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is normally used at 10~15 phr depending on applications. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is primarily used as a flame retardant in rigid and flexible polyurethane foam. Specifically, it is used as a flame inhibitor in the production of bar-shaped or lump-shaped foam.Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is a low-cost flammable inhibitor and a good stabilizer. Other applications include use as raw material for the manufacture of polyester foam plastic, binders and other resins.

Tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is available for shipping throughout the continental United States with one (1) week lead time. Please call (401) 360-2800 for details. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is a liquid packed in bulk (Isotank or tanktruck), totes (IBC tanks) and drums. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is a clear colorless liquid that is stable at ambient temperature and is not volatile. Its molecular formula is C9H18Cl3O4P. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is manufactured to a purity of 75 ± 10%. Major impurities are bis(1-chloro-2-propyl)-2-chloropropyl phosphate (20-30%) and bis(2-chloropropyl)-1-chloro-2-propyl phosphate (3-5%). Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is harmful if swallowed, and is irritating to the respiratory system. If ingested, the targeted organs are the liver and bladder. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can be manufactured by either a batch or continuous process. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is the reaction of phosphorous oxytrichloride with propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in a closed reactor. The crude product is washed and dehydrated in a closed vessel to remove acidic impurities and residual catalyst. All transfers are done using closed lines. The product is then filtered, transferred, and packaged using sealed pumps through closed lines.

Storage is in closed vessels under nitrogen to exclude moisture and oxygen. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is used as a flame retardant in rigid and flexible polyurethane foam. Its known use is industrial. Flame retardants corresponds to several substances which are added to combustible materials to prevent fires from starting or to slow the spread of fire and provide additional escape time. Among them, there exist Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and TEP. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate is an PU foam’s additive used as flame retardant in consumer products, home insulation and electronics. The product is a colorless liquid stable at ambient temperature and not volatile. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate’s obtained by a reaction of 1-chloro-2-propanol with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of a catalyst.
Triethyl phosphate is not only used for PU foam. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate can reduce also the viscosity of some polyols and prepolymers. TEP can be produced in 2 various ways : by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with ethanol or by oxidation of triethyl phosphite. Flame retardants shows low acute toxicity following oral, dermal or inhalation exposures. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate’s a slight skin and eye irritant and is not genetically active. Arpadis is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe. Arpadis is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Flame Retardants globally.

Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is an environmentally abundant organophosphate ester (OPE). Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is comprised of four isomers with seven possible structures, eight CAS numbers, and even more common names. A review of 54 studies reporting one or more Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  isomers confirmed that the most abundant and most often reported Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  isomer was tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate, also known as tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCiPP, referred to hereafter as Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 1). Full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the other three isomers numbered here according to their elution order on a non-polar GC column (DB-5): bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 2), bis(2-chloropropyl)(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 3), and tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 4). GC with a flame ionization detector (FID) was used to identify the relative abundances of the isomers in commercially available standards with unknown isomer composition.

IUPAC NAME:
2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate; Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ; Tri(1-chloromethylethyl)phosphate; Tri-(1-chloroisopropyl)phosphate; Trichloropropylphosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ); Tris ( chloroisopropyl ) phosphate; Tris (2-Chlorisopropyl) phosphat; Tris (2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate; TRIS(1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE; Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; TRIS(1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL)PHOSPHATE; tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate; tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl)phosphate; tris(2-chlorisopropyl)-phosfate;;;; Tris(2-chlorisopropyl)-phosphate; Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate;tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate; tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)phosphate; tris(chloro-1-; methylethyl)phosphate;TRIS-(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL)-PHOSPHATE

TRADE NAME:
Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ; Tris-(β-chloropropyl)-phosphate

OTHER NAME:
13674-84-5; 16839-32-0; 16839-32-0; 98112-32-4; 98112-32-4

 In technical Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 1–4 isomers averaged 71 ± 1, 26 ± 0.4, 3 ± 0.5, and 0.1 ± 0.02%, respectively. When these percent masses are incorporated into GC-MS quantification, response factors (RFs) for Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 1 and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 2 are significantly different from Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 3 and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 4, indicating that the multiple RF approach is more accurate than the commonly employed single RF method. Samples from urban streams and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent from Toronto, Canada, had isomeric ratios of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 1/2 that were not significantly different from a technical mixture whereas rain had a significantly different ratio indicating enrichment in the more volatile Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 1 isomer. Reporting Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  isomers can provide insight into sources, transport, and fate of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in the environment.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  Flame Retardant is used in the production of acetate fiber, polyvinyl‐chloride, PU foams, EVA, phenolics materials. Except the flame retarding, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate can also promote the moisture resisting, low-temperature resisting, the capability of antistatic and the softness of the materials. A low-cost chlorine and phosphorous-based flame retardant. Best hydrolysis stability among currently available phosphates flame retardant. Does not dissolve in water, dissolve in most organic solvents, and have good compatibility with resins. Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is a chlorinated organophosphate. Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ). Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".

Until the late 1970s, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was used as a flame retardant in children’s pajamas in compliance with the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953. This use was discontinued after children wearing fabrics treated with a very similar compound, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, were found to have mutagenic byproducts in their urine. Following the 2005 phase-out of PentaBDE in the United States, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  became one of the primary flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam used in a wide variety of consumer products, including automobiles, upholstered furniture, and some baby products. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can also be used in rigid polyurethane foam boards used for building insulation. In 2011 it was reported that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was found in about a third of tested baby products. Some fabrics used in camping equipment are also treated with Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  to meet CPAI-84, a standard established by the Industrial Fabrics Association International to evaluate the flame resistance of fabrics and other materials used in tents.

Current total production of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is not well known. In 1998, 2002, and 2006, production in the United States was estimated to be between 4,500 and 22,700 metric tons, and thus Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is classified as a high production volume chemical. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is an additive flame retardant, meaning that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is not chemically bonded to treated materials. Additive flame retardants are thought to be more likely to be released into the surrounding environment during the lifetime of the product than chemically bonded, or reactive, flame retardants. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  degrades slowly in the environment and is not readily removed by waste water treatment processes. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has been detected in indoor dust, although concentrations vary widely. A study of house dust in the U.S. found that over 96% of samples collected between 2002 and 2007 contained Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  at an average concentration of over 1.8 ppm, while the highest was over 56 ppm. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was also detected in 99% of dust samples collected in 2009 in the Boston area from offices, homes, and vehicles.

The second study found an average concentration similar to that of the previous study but a greater range of concentrations: one sample collected from a vehicle contained over 300 ppm Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in the dust. Similar concentrations have been reported for dust samples collected in Europe and Japan. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has also been measured in indoor air samples. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate's detection in air samples, however, is less frequent and generally at lower concentrations than other organophosphate flame retardants such as TCEP and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , likely due to its lower vapor pressure. Although Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is generally found at the highest concentrations in enclosed environments, such as homes and vehicles, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is widespread in the environment. Diverse environmental samples, ranging from surface water to wildlife tissues, have been found to contain Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate .

The highest levels of contamination are generally near urban impacted areas; however, samples from even relatively remote reference sites have contained Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate . Humans are thought to be exposed to Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and other flame retardants through several routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact with treated materials. Rodent studies show that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is readily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Infants and young children are expected to have the highest exposure to Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and other indoor contaminants for several reasons. Compared to adults, children spend more time indoors and closer to the floor, where they are exposed to higher amounts of dust particles. In addition, they frequently put their hands and other objects into their mouths without washing.

Several studies show that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can accumulate in human tissues. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate has been detected in semen, fat, and breast milk, and the metabolite bis (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (BDCPP) has been detected in urine. Organophosphate toxicity is classically associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Many organophosphates, especially those designed to act as nerve agents or pesticides, bind with the active site on acetylcholinesterase, preventing it from breaking down acetylcholine. In rodent studies, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was found to have very low capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is considered to have low acute toxicity. Animals that were given very high doses (>1 g/kg/day) exhibited clinical signs of organophosphate poisoning, including muscle weakness, loss of coordination, hyperactivity, and death.

Several studies suggest that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  may be carcinogenic. Rodents that were fed Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  over two years showed increased tumor formation in the liver and brain. Metabolites of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  were also determined to be mutagenic in bacteria using the Ames test. In 2011, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was listed as a carcinogen under California Proposition 65, a law that identifies and regulates chemicals determined by the California Environmental Protection Agency ‘to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. Men living in homes with high concentrations of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in house dust were more likely to have decreased sperm counts and increased serum prolactin levels. Women typically have higher concentrations of the hormone prolactin than men do. Release of prolactin is regulated by the neurotransmitter dopamine. Prolactin is important for regulating lactation, sex drive, and other hormones.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and other similar organophosphate flame retardants have been found to disrupt normal development. Chickens exposed to Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  as embryos developed abnormally: Exposure to 45 ug/g resulted in shorter head-to-bill lengths, decreased body weight, and smaller gallbladders, while 7.64 ug/g lowered free thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood. Similarly, zebrafish raised in water containing Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  died or developed severe malformations. When the Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  exposure began very early during embryogenesis, by the 2 cell stage, the developing embryos were more severely affected. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was found to affect several neurodevelopmental processes in a neuronal cell line. PC12 cells showed decreased cell replication and growth, increased oxidative stress, and altered cellular differentiation. In a developing organism, these effects could change the way the brain cells communicate and function, resulting in permanent changes in nervous system function.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  exposure was found to alter mRNA expression of several genes that regulate thyroid function in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Early life exposure also changed thyroid hormone levels in both zebrafish and chick embryos: triiodothyronine (T3) levels increased in exposed zebrafish while thyroxine (T4) levels decreased in both species. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  may affect brain development and function via the thyroid system. Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development and for proper function in the endocrine system. The developing brain in particular is highly sensitive to thyroid hormone disruptions. Disruptions to the thyroid system of either the mother or the fetus during early brain development are associated with lower IQ scores and increased risk for ADHD or other neurobehavioral disorders. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ; Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is a flame retardant used in both rigid (PUR and PIR) and flexible PU foams. It provides long-term stability thanks to its ability to be connected to both sides of double systems with urethane / isocyanate.

Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) are added to polyurethane foams in a variety of industrial and consumer products to prevent flame ignition. The gradual release of these flame retardants (FRs) from such products leads to contamination of various abiotic and biotic media, including wild birds. Recent studies demonstrated endocrine-disrupting effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , including alteration of circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels. The TH-pathway is essential for normal growth and development in birds. There are limited data on the toxicological effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in avian species and, prior to this work, no study has examined their effects in avian embryos. This M.Sc. thesis investigates the developmental, molecular and biochemical effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos via egg injection studies.,

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  delayed pipping at doses ≥9.24 μg/g, both Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  reduced embryo growth at the highest dose (51.6 μg Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate /g and 45 μg Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate /g), and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  decreased free plasma thyroxine and gallbladder size at 7.64 μg/g and 45 μg/g, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes in mRNA levels of hepatic genes that were responsive to these FRs in a previous in vitro study. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  dysregulated the expression of TH-responsive genes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYPs), whereas Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  only affected CYPs. Less than 1% of the administered Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  or Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was detected in egg contents following 19 days of incubation, indicating extensive metabolism of the parent compounds. DNA microarrays were used to perform a global transcriptional analysis on liver samples from embryos that exhibited adverse effects following Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  injection. 47 differentially expressed genes were identified at the 45 μg/g dose.

Functional analysis revealed that immune function and lipid and steroid metabolism were major targets of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  toxicity and indicated a state of cholestatic liver/biliary fibrosis. Since the TH-pathway is a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, its disruption early in development is a potential cause of the observed adverse effects. This thesis demonstrates, for the first time, developmental and endocrine-disrupting effects of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in an avian species and attempts to link phenotypic changes to molecular-level disruptions in hopes to improve the understanding of their modes of action. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has the best hydrolysis stability among currently available halogenated organic phosphates. Can not dissolve in water, dissolve in most organic solvents, and has a good compatibility with resins.

The invention discloses a purification method for Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  (trichloropropylphosphate), wherein phosphorus oxychloride and propylene epoxide are taken as raw materials for reaction so as to produce Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , before reaction, water with 0.01 to 0.06 percent of phosphorus oxychloride in mass and Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  with 2 to 12 percent of phosphorus oxychloride in mass are added, and then propylene oxide is dripped into an reactor until the reaction is finished. The method provided by the invention is simple, and effectively overcomes the defects of high chromaticity and odor in Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , and meanwhile, the method can not cause any pollution, and is suitable for application and use. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate is a clear colorless viscous liquid with a relatively low molecular weight, low water solubility, and low lipophilicity (as indicated by log Kow). 

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate [Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ] is a halogenated phosphorus flame retardant used in a variety of sectors, including manufacturing of paints/coatings, furniture and related products, building/construction materials, fabrics/textiles/leather products, and foam seating and bedding products (EPA, 2012). It is used extensively as an additive to flexible polyurethane foams (PUFs). Its end uses include molded automotive seating foam (e.g., seat cushions and headrests), slabstock foam in furniture, automotive fabric lining, and car roofing (ECHA, 2013). It is a high production volume chemical. Clear colorless viscous liquid. Generally a super-cooled liquid at room temperature but may occasionally solidify when held at low temperatures for prolonged periods. Fyrol FR 2 hydrolyzes slowly when refluxed with an aqueous acid. Under alkaline conditions, Fyrol FR 2 exhibits a slow cleavage. Fyrol FR 2 has plasticizing properties and, as such, may soften or deteriorate certain plastics and elastomers (particularly vinyl-based resin, neoprene and natural rubbers). Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland POx. 

A series of studies have been performed to evaluate the environmental fate and bioaccumulation potential of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ). EU concluded that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is expected to be persistent in water, sediment, sewage sludge, and soil. When emitted to the environment, the EU concluded that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  will likely adsorb to particulate matter, based on its low volatility and relatively high adsorption coefficient. The Henry’s law constant suggests that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  will preferentially partition to water, rather than air. When assessing Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate 's potential for persistence or bioaccumulation, the EU determined that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  can potentially be persistent or very persistent and that Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate does not meet the criteria for bioaccumulative or very bioaccumulative compounds. Toxic liquid tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate) (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) was microencapsulated with the melamine-formaldehyde resin in water and added as the fire-retardant into the polyurethane foam to slow down its diffusion out.

The effect of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate and polyvinyl alcohol contents on the particle size was studied and the average size of about 50–250 μm was produced. Increasing the stirring rate and PVA content decreased the diameter of the microcapsule. The cell size of polyurethane foams containing Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  microcapsules was in the range of 100–600 μm. The polyurethane foam containing 9 wt% of the Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  microcapsules was HB grade flame-rated. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , the chemical name is tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, is low cost chlorine and phosphorous based flame retardant. It has the best hydrolysis stability among currently available halogenated organic phosphates. Cannot dissolve in water, dissolve in most organic solvent, and have good compatibility with resins.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  flame retardant soluble in alcohols, benzene, esters and carbon tetrachloride. insoluble in water and aliphatic hydrocarbon. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate has low toxicity, non-corrosive, moisture-proof and anti-static. There are companies adding new capacities and aim at the cost and quality leadership which shall improve profitability. As the same time, companies are focusing on technological innovation, equipment upgrades, and process improvements, to reduce costs and improve quality. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is a transparent liquid flame retardant additive. Together with our partner Jiangsu Yoke Technology Co., Ltd we provide a high quality. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is mainly used in flexible and rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams to enhance the fire retardant properties. Besides its high flame retardant effect, Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  also has plasticizing properties. 

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is classified by the EPA as a high hazard for developmental and reproductive toxicity based on a study of pregnant rats fed TCCP. After Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  exposure, reduced uterine weights, prolonged estrous cycle and a greater number of runts in litters was observed. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is used in rigid polyurethane foam and furniture foam, textiles, leather, electronics and building construction laminates as an additive flame retardant. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has been found in furniture and baby products such as nursing pillows, portable mattresses, car seats, seat positioners and changing table pads. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has been frequently detected in residential dust in North America. Two metabolites have been detected in human urine via biomonitoring in the U.S. A study in Sweden detected Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in breast milk. A 2008 study detected Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in hand wash samples of factory workers in Finland. TCCP is readily absorbed and distributed throughout the body in rats. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has been classified by the EPA as a high hazard for persistence based on biodegradation studies estimating Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  to have a half-life of more than 60 days. A study detected Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in air, water and snow samples gathered in the North Atlantic and Artic.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  has also been detected in sea, surface, and drinking water, sewage effluent and indoor air from factories, offices and classrooms. A 2004 study detected Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in the indoor air of cars in Sweden. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  was detected in fruits such as pears and peaches in a 1995 study. A kind of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  fire retardant preparation method, comprise that phosphorus oxychloride is under lewis acid catalyst catalysis, obtain the Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  crude product with propylene oxide reaction, through alkali cleaning, washing, distillation, afterTris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate is to add phosphorus oxychloride in reaction vessel, drip first the NaOH aqueous solution, add again catalyzer, drip propylene oxide reaction. Drip first a small amount of NaOH aqueous solution after adding phosphorus oxychloride in the reaction vessel, add again catalyzer, drip propylene oxide, after obtaining the Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  crude product, again alkali cleaning, washing, distillation, the Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  finished product look that obtains at last number by originally do not drip that aqueous sodium hydroxide solution produces more than No. 60, be reduced to present below No. 30, minimum can being down to No. 10.

The Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  finished product look that the inventive method obtains number by originally do not drip that aqueous sodium hydroxide solution produces more than No. 60, be reduced to present below No. 30, minimum can being down to No. 10.The method is easy to operate, and is simple and easy to do, is beneficial to operation in the production, makes the product of production that obvious change arranged in appearance, and do not affect yield and the acid number of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate , on the not impact of quality of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate . Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (hereafter referred to as Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate ) is a reaction product containing a mixture of stereoisomers. The individual isomers are not marketed separately. The main isomer (50-85% w/w) is the tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) form. The CAS number 13674-84-5 is used for this structure and also for the commercial substance. A typical purity (total of the four key isomers) is >97.9% (w/w). The impurity profile is specific to each manufacturer.

Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is used in the European Union (EU) as a flame retardant additive for polyurethane at typical loadings of ~ 8-10% w/w. The main use of the treated polyurethane is in rigid foams for construction applications. A smaller but still significant amount is used in flexible foams for furniture. A number of other minor confidential uses have been identified (<2.5% of the supply volume). 36,000 tonnes of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  were produced at three sites in Germany and one in the UK in 2000.
There was both import of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  to the EU from a non-EU producer and also some export in 2000, with an overall net import of ~ 2,000 tonnes. EU consumption remained stable between 1999 and 2003 – the supply tonnage used in the risk assessment represents the upper limit of sales over this period. There is some import of treated goods (furniture, canned foams and finished goods containing Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  in rebonded foam). Over 40,000 tonnes of Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  were consumed in the EU in 2000. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate  is one of the main substances to have replaced tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP, CAS number 115-96-8) in Europe. TCEP has also been assessed in the ESR process.

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