TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

Consequently, when applied straight, thinned with citrus D-limonene or mineral spirits, or formulated with boiled linseed oil and modified phenolic/alkyd resins into a marine Teak Oil finish, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) penetrates deeply into the dense capillary pores of oily tropical hardwoods (such as Teak Tectona grandis, Iroko, Mahogany, Ipe, and Rosewood) as well as temperate oak, walnut, and maple, curing into a tough, flexible, hydrophobic, alkali-resistant, and non-darkening protective polymer network inside the wood fibers. Furthermore, once fully cured, pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) forms a 100% food-safe, water- and alcohol-impervious finish recognized as GRAS under US FDA 21 CFR 175.300 for food-contact surfaces such as wooden butcher blocks, salad bowls, kitchen countertops, and tinplate food-can lacquers.

Beyond wood care, industrial resin chemists react TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) with para-tert-butylphenol or octylphenol formaldehyde resins, rosin esters, and phthalic/maleic anhydrides to manufacture legendary marine spar varnishes, high-dielectric coil impregnating varnishes, fast-setting offset printing ink vehicles, automotive brake-lining friction binders, and phenolic-paper copper-clad laminates (FR-2 / CEM-1 PCBs). Partnering with Ataman Kimya for Raw, Refined, Heat-Bodied (Polymerized), or Formulated TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) in drums and IBC totes guarantees authentic Vernicia fordii conjugated-triene purity, verified refractive index and Browne gelation kinetics, and reliable international supply chain logistics.

CAS Number: 8001-20-5 (Oils, tung; Tung oil; China wood oil; Triglyceride ester of (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic [alpha-eleostearic] acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; alpha-Eleostearic acid monomer CAS: 506-23-0)
EC Number: 232-272-3 (EINECS 232-272-3; EU REACH Exempt as a naturally occurring vegetable triglyceride oil under Annex V when unmodified, or REACH registered for chemically modified/stand-oil derivatives)
Molecular Formula: C57H92O6 (Representative formula for pure tri-alpha-eleostearin triglyceride; Individual Fatty Acid Monomer alpha-Eleostearic Acid: C18H30O2; Natural UVCB vegetable triglyceride composed of ~80%–82% C18:3 conjugated alpha-eleostearic, ~4%–9% C18:1 oleic, ~4%–8% C18:2 linoleic, ~3% C16:0 palmitic, and ~2% C18:0 stearic acid)
Molecular Weight: ~873.34 g/mol average triglyceride molecular weight (872.58 g/mol exact monoisotopic mass for tri-eleostearin; alpha-Eleostearic Acid monomer: 278.43 g/mol)
INCI Name: ALEURITES FORDII SEED OIL (also listed as VERNICIA FORDII SEED OIL; CosIng functions: Emollient, Skin Conditioning, Film-Forming / Protective Oil)
E Number: Not assigned (Industrial drying oil, wood preservative finish, and resin raw material; cleared by the US FDA under 21 CFR 175.300 as a GRAS resinous and polymeric drying oil for food-contact coatings, wooden cutting boards, and food-can linings once fully cured)
Melting Point: -2.5 to -5.0 °C (+27.5 to +23.0 °F Pour / Solidification Point for fresh liquid alpha-Tung Oil; however, upon prolonged exposure to cold below +2 °C or trace catalytic light/iodine/sulfur, the liquid cis-9,trans-11,trans-13 alpha-eleostearin triglyceride isomerizes into white solid crystalline all-trans-9,11,13 beta-eleostearin ["tung butter"], which melts at +48.0 to +62.0 °C)
Boiling Point: > 300.0 °C (> 572.0 °F; non-volatile triglyceride that undergoes rapid exothermic Diels-Alder thermal polymerization and gelation at 260.0 to 282.0 °C before reaching an atmospheric boiling point); Cleveland Open-Cup Flash Point of 100% Pure Tung Oil: >= 280.0 °C (536.0 °F, ASTM D92; Closed-Cup Flash Point >= 230.0 to 252.0 °C; Autoignition Temperature: ~340.0 to 410.0 °C; Note: Formulated solvent-borne Teak Oil blends have a Closed-Cup Flash Point of 40.0 to 62.0 °C governed by their mineral spirits or D-limonene solvent carrier)
Viscosity: 210.0 to 300.0 mPa·s (cP) dynamic viscosity at 25 °C for 100% Pure Raw / Refined Tung Oil (typically ~250 mPa·s at 25 °C, corresponding to Gardner-Holdt Bubble Viscosity Grade H to J, or kinematic viscosity ~225 to 320 mm2/s [cSt] at 25 °C; Heat-Bodied / Polymerized Stand Tung Oil grades range from 1,000 to 15,000 mPa·s [Gardner U to Z6] at 25 °C; Formulated Penetrating Teak Oil blends typically have a low viscosity of 15 to 45 mPa·s at 25 °C for deep hardwood pore penetration)
Density: 0.936 to 0.942 g/cm3 at 20/20 °C and 0.933 to 0.939 g/cm3 at 25 °C for 100% Pure Tung Oil per ASTM D12 / ISO 5061 (0.938 to 0.940 g/cm3 at 15.5/15.5 °C; Bulk Weight ~7.82 lb/gal at 20 °C; Formulated solvent-borne Teak Oil blends: 0.840 to 0.885 g/cm3 at 20 °C; Refractive Index of Pure Tung Oil n25/D: 1.5165 to 1.5200, n20/D: 1.5180 to 1.5220)

Most Frequently Encountered Synonyms:
TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil)
TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)
Tung Oil
Teak Oil
China Wood Oil
Chinese Wood Oil
Pure Tung Oil
Raw Tung Oil
Polymerized Tung Oil
Heat-Bodied Tung Oil
Stand Tung Oil
Blown Tung Oil
Vernicia fordii Seed Oil
Aleurites fordii Seed Oil
ISO 5061 Tung Oil
Teak Decking Oil (Tung-Oil Based)
Marine Teak Oil Finish
Danish Oil / Hardwood Penetrating Oil (Tung-Oil Based)
Tik Yağı (Turkish)
Tung Yağı / Çin Ağacı Yağı

WHAT IS TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)?

In the global wood coatings, marine maintenance, and chemical raw materials trade, the designation TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) refers to two closely unified industrial realities centered on CAS 8001-20-5:
Botanical & Chemical Identity — Pure Tung Oil (China Wood Oil, CAS 8001-20-5, EC 232-272-3):
True Tung Oil is a 100% natural vegetable drying oil extracted by cold-pressing or expeller-pressing the nut kernels of the deciduous Tung tree (botanical name Vernicia fordii, synonym Aleurites fordii, and the closely related species Vernicia montana, native to southern China and cultivated extensively in China, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, and historically the US Gulf Coast). Notice that the Teak tree itself (Tectona grandis, prized for yacht decks and luxury outdoor furniture) does NOT yield a commercial drying oil from its seeds or wood! Instead, Pure Tung Oil (China Wood Oil) is universally utilized either neat (100% pure or thinned 1:1 with citrus D-limonene or mineral spirits) or as the primary conjugated drying-oil base of commercial "Teak Oil" formulations applied to protect and nourish Teak and other dense hardwoods!

Commercial Formulation Identity — Tung-Oil-Based Teak Oil Finishes:
When furniture manufacturers, yacht builders, and architectural woodworkers purchase commercial "Teak Oil", they are utilizing a low-viscosity, deep-penetrating oil-varnish system in which TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (China Wood Oil, CAS 8001-20-5) serves as the high-waterproofing, alkali- and UV-resistant conjugated drying oil component, typically blended with refined/boiled linseed oil, a long-oil phenolic or urethane-alkyd resin, penetrating hydrocarbon or terpene solvents, UV absorbers, and metallic driers. Whether used as 100% Pure Raw/Polymerized Tung Oil or as a formulated Teak Oil blend, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) cures inside the wood pores by atmospheric oxygen absorption and conjugated-triene polymerization—leaving a breathable, water-beading, non-peeling, non-blistering finish that highlights the natural golden-brown grain of Teak, Mahogany, Iroko, Oak, and Walnut.

HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND STRATEGIC EVOLUTION OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

The use of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (etymologically derived from the Chinese word "tong" for the Vernicia fordii tree) is documented in Chinese classical texts dating back to Confucius around 500 to 400 BC. Throughout the Han, Tang, Song, and Ming Dynasties, Chinese shipwrights and artisans used TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) mixed with lime (forming "chu-nam" caulking putty) to waterproof wooden ocean-going junks, seal silk and paper in traditional oil-paper umbrellas, preserve temple timbers, and formulate imperial black inksticks and lacquerware.
Carried westward along the Maritime Silk Road by Marco Polo and Portuguese/Dutch traders under the name "China Wood Oil", TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) triggered a global revolution in the Western paint and varnish industry in the early 20th century when chemists discovered that cooking TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) with newly invented oil-soluble 100%-phenolic resins (such as para-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resins) produced "Phenolic Spar Varnishes" that dried in one-third the time of linseed-copal varnishes and withstood boiling water, marine salt spray, and caustic soap without turning white ("blushing"). By the 1930s and World War II, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) was classified as a vital strategic defense material used to coat naval vessels, aircraft components, ammunition cartridges, electrical motor windings, and tinplate food rations. Today, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) remains the gold standard for sustainable, bio-based marine teak care, food-safe woodenware finishes, high-speed offset ink vehicles, and phenolic printed circuit board laminates.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, ALPHA-ELEOSTEARIC CONJUGATED TRIENE SYSTEM, AND DRYING MECHANISM

The unmatched drying speed, water impermeability, and chemical resistance of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) are directly governed by its unique conjugated fatty acid structure:

Typical Fatty Acid Profile of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Vernicia fordii, GLC Analysis per ISO 5508):
- alpha-Eleostearic Acid ((9Z,11E,13E)-Octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid, C18:3 conjugated triene): 77.0% to 86.0% w/w (typically 80.0% to 82.5% w/w)
- Linoleic Acid ((9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, C18:2 non-conjugated diene): 4.0% to 8.5% w/w
- Oleic Acid ((9Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid, C18:1 monoene): 4.0% to 9.5% w/w
- Palmitic Acid (Hexadecanoic acid, C16:0 saturated): 2.0% to 4.5% w/w
- Stearic Acid (Octadecanoic acid, C18:0 saturated): 1.5% to 3.5% w/w
- Eicosenoic Acid (C20:1) & Behenic Acid (C22:0): 0.5% to 1.5% w/w

Direct Conjugated 1,4- and 1,6-Free-Radical Oxidative Polymerization (Why Tung Oil Beats Linseed Oil):
In non-conjugated drying oils like Linseed Oil (which contains ~55% alpha-linolenic acid with isolated double bonds at C-9, C-12, and C-15 separated by -CH2- methylene groups), autoxidation must first abstract a bis-allylic hydrogen atom from C-11 or C-14 to form a hydroperoxide (-OOH), which then decomposes slowly to form carbon-oxygen-carbon (C-O-C ether and C-O-O-C peroxy) crosslinks accompanied by extensive chain scission into volatile aldehydes and yellowing chromophores.
By contrast, in TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), the three double bonds of alpha-eleostearic acid at C-9, C-11, and C-13 are directly conjugated (-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-) with no intervening methylene groups! When exposed to atmospheric oxygen (O2), molecular oxygen adds directly across the ends of the conjugated triene system (1,4- or 1,6-addition), generating resonance-stabilized allylic radicals that immediately attack the conjugated triene systems of neighboring triglyceride molecules via direct free-radical vinyl-type addition! This produces a densely crosslinked three-dimensional network dominated by direct carbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bonds:
- Direct C-C bonds cannot be hydrolyzed by water, alkaline cleaners, or marine salt spray!
- Direct C-C addition consumes less total oxygen (~12% weight gain during drying for TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) versus ~18% for linseed oil) and causes far less oxidative chain scission, which is why cured TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) films do not shrink, crack, or darken turn-yellow over time like linseed oil!

Thermal Diels-Alder [4+2] Cycloaddition ("Polymerized / Heat-Bodied Stand Tung Oil"):
When raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is heated under an inert nitrogen blanket at 260 to 280 °C for a controlled residence time (and then rapidly cooled below 160 °C before the Browne gelation point is reached), the trans-11,trans-13 conjugated diene segment of one eleostearate chain undergoes a concerted [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition with the cis-9 alkene of an adjacent eleostearate chain to form six-membered cyclohexene rings linking the triglycerides into oligomers ("Polymerized Tung Oil" or "Stand Wood Oil"). Pre-polymerizing TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) in this way:
- Eliminates the raw oil's tendency to form a frosted/wrinkled Matte crystal film ("gas checking" or beta-eleostearin crystallization) during drying, yielding a crystal-clear, high-gloss, glass-smooth film!
- Reduces drying time by 50% to 70% and increases cured film hardness and water impermeability.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, REFINING, AND THERMAL BODYING PROCESSES

Commercial grades of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) supplied by Ataman Kimya are produced via four specialized processing stages:
- Stage 1 (Nut Dehulling, Thermal Conditioning, and Expeller Pressing):
  Harvested fruits of the Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) are air-dried to < 12% moisture, mechanically dehulled, and decorticated to recover the oil-rich seed kernels (which contain 50% to 60% oil by weight). The kernels are flaked, conditioned at 70 to 85 °C, and pressed in continuous screw expellers (followed by filter-press clarification and vacuum drying) to obtain Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil).
- Stage 2 (Alkali Refining, Winterization, and Bleaching — Pale Refined Tung Oil):
  For low-color architectural coatings, overprint varnishes, and cosmetic/luthier grades, raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is treated with dilute alkali or citric acid to remove trace mucilage/phospholipids and reduce free fatty acid value below 2.0–3.0 mg KOH/g, gently bleached with activated earth under vacuum at 80 °C, and polished through 1-micron filters to achieve a pale Gardner color <= 5 to 7.
- Stage 3 (Inert-Gas Thermal Polymerization — Heat-Bodied / Polymerized Tung Oil):
  To manufacture fast-drying, high-gloss Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Stand Wood Oil), pure raw Tung Oil is heated rapidly in stainless-steel vacuum/nitrogen-blanketed kettles (or continuous tubular coil reactors) to 265–275 °C for 5 to 15 minutes until target Gardner-Holdt viscosity (e.g., Grade Q, U, Z2, or Z4) is reached via Diels-Alder dimerization, then immediately quenched through a heat exchanger or blended into chilled oil/varnish base to arrest gelation.
- Stage 4 (Compounding of Marine & Hardwood Penetrating Teak Oil Finishes):
  To produce ready-to-use Marine & Furniture Teak Oil, formulators blend 25% to 45% w/w Raw/Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (and/or tung-phenolic/alkyd long-oil varnish resin) with 10% to 20% w/w refined linseed oil, 40% to 55% w/w low-odor dearomatized mineral spirits or food-grade D-limonene citrus solvent, hindered-amine/benzotriazole UV stabilizers, and cobalt-free iron/zirconium/manganese or cobalt/zirconium/calcium siccative driers.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

Typical physical constants and analytical specification limits for Ataman Kimya's 100% Pure Raw / Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, ASTM D12 / ISO 5061) include:
- Product Name: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) / Pure China Wood Oil (Vernicia fordii Seed Oil)
- CAS Registry Number: 8001-20-5
- EC / EINECS Number: 232-272-3
- INCI Name: ALEURITES FORDII SEED OIL / VERNICIA FORDII SEED OIL
- Appearance at 25 °C: Clear, transparent, pale yellow to amber-gold viscous liquid, free from sediment or suspended matter
- Odor: Characteristic mild, nutty, earthy wood-oil odor
- Specific Gravity / Relative Density (20/20 °C, ASTM D1963 / ISO 6883): 0.936 to 0.942 g/cm3 (at 15.5/15.5 °C per ASTM D12: 0.938 to 0.940 g/cm3; at 25 °C: 0.933 to 0.939 g/cm3)
- Refractive Index (n25/D, ASTM D1466 / ISO 6320): 1.5165 to 1.5200 (at 20 °C: 1.5180 to 1.5220)
- Iodine Value (Wijs Method, 1 hour, ASTM D1959 / ISO 3961): >= 163 g I2 / 100 g (typically 163 to 175 g I2 / 100 g)
- Saponification Value (ASTM D555 / ISO 3657): 189 to 195 mg KOH/g
- Acid Value / Free Fatty Acids (ASTM D1639 / ISO 660): <= 5.0 to 8.0 mg KOH/g for Standard Raw Grade (<= 3.0 mg KOH/g for Refined Low-Acid Grade; typical 1.5 to 4.2 mg KOH/g)
- Color (Gardner Color Scale, ASTM D1544 / ISO 4630): <= 8 to 12 Gardner (Refined Pale Grade <= 5 to 7 Gardner)
- Unsaponifiable Matter (ASTM D1965 / ISO 3596): <= 0.75% to 1.0% w/w
- Moisture and Volatile Matter (105 °C, ASTM D1960 / ISO 662): <= 0.25% w/w (typical <= 0.10% w/w)
- Dynamic Viscosity at 25 °C: 210 to 300 mPa·s (cP; Gardner-Holdt Grade H to J for Raw/Refined Tung Oil; 1,000 to 12,000 mPa·s for Polymerized Stand Tung Oil)
- Browne Heat Test / Gelation Time at 282.0 °C (540 °F, ASTM D12 / ASTM D1955): <= 12.0 minutes (typically 8.5 to 11.5 minutes to form a firm, non-sticky elastic gel)
- alpha-Eleostearic Acid Content (GLC of FAMEs, ISO 5508): 77.0% to 86.0% w/w (typical 80.0% to 82.0% w/w)
- Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup, ASTM D92): >= 280.0 °C (Closed Cup >= 230.0 °C for 100% pure oil)
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; sparingly soluble in cold ethanol; completely miscible with mineral spirits (white spirit), turpentine, D-limonene (citrus solvent), xylene, toluene, butyl acetate, ketones, and vegetable drying oils

WHY EACH IMPORTANT PROPERTY OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) MATTERS IN PRACTICE

 Extraordinarily High Refractive Index (n25/D = 1.5165 to 1.5200):
Because the three conjugated double bonds of alpha-eleostearic acid have high electronic polarizability, pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) has a refractive index of 1.5165 to 1.5200 at 25 °C—dramatically higher than Linseed Oil (1.478), Soybean Oil (1.472), or Rapeseed Oil (1.470). Measuring n25/D on an Abbe refractometer takes 30 seconds and immediately detects even 5% adulteration with cheaper semi-drying oils, while optically imparting a deep, three-dimensional "wet chatoyance" ("popping the grain") when applied to figured Teak, Walnut, or Curly Maple!

 High Specific Gravity (0.936–0.942 g/cm3 at 20 °C) and Natural Viscosity (~250 mPa·s):
Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is the densest and most viscous of all non-hydroxylated natural seed oils (except castor oil). Because raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) has a natural viscosity of ~250 mPa·s at 25 °C, applying it 100% undiluted to dense, fine-pored Teak or Maple results in slow surface absorption; thinning the first 1 to 2 sealing coats 1:1 (50:50) with D-limonene citrus solvent or low-odor mineral spirits lowers the viscosity to ~15–25 mPa·s so TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) wicks deep into the hardwood vessels before polymerizing.

 Browne Heat Gelation Time at 282 °C (<= 12.0 Minutes, ASTM D1955):
In alkyd, phenolic varnish, and printing ink cooking kettles, the Browne gelation time (typically 9 to 11 minutes at 282 °C) measures the exact reactivity of the conjugated alpha-eleostearic triene system. Knowing the exact gelation time allows resin engineers to cook TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) with phenolic resins or rosin esters at 230 to 260 °C and quench the batch at the desired target viscosity without gelling the reactor!

HOW DOES TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) WORK AT THE MOLECULAR AND PROCESS LEVEL?

 Deep Capillary Impregnation and Internal Anchor Crosslinking in Teak and Hardwoods:
Unlike surface film-forming coatings (such as polyurethane, acrylic, or epoxy varnishes) that sit as a brittle plastic layer on top of wood and inevitably crack, blister, and peel when outdoor Teak swells and shrinks with rain and sun, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (especially when thinned with citrus terpene or mineral spirits in a penetrating Teak Oil formula) wicks 0.5 to 3.0 mm deep into the cellular lumina and tracheids of the wood. Once inside the wood pores, atmospheric oxygen diffuses in and triggers 1,4- and 1,6-free-radical addition across the conjugated alpha-eleostearate chains, turning the liquid oil into a flexible, hydrophobic elastomer locked inside the wood cell walls. Water beads effortlessly on the surface while water vapor can still breathe in and out without blistering!

 Reaction with 100%-Phenolic Resins in Marine Spar Varnishes and Can Lacquers:
When TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is cooked at 220 to 245 °C with an oil-soluble para-tert-butylphenol or para-phenylphenol resole/novolac resin, the conjugated triene system of alpha-eleostearic acid undergoes Diels-Alder and chroman-ring cycloaddition directly with the ortho-quinone methide intermediates of the phenolic resin. This covalent phenolic-tung copolymer forms the legendary marine "spar varnish" and interior food-can gold lacquer—exhibiting unmatched resistance to boiling water, 5% NaOH alkali, dilute acids, and marine UV/salt exposure.

 Prevention of "Gas Checking" (Frosting / Wrinkling) via Thermal Pre-Bodying:
If raw, unbodied TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is applied in an overly thick wet film (> 50 microns) or cured in an oven containing trace combustion gases (NOx, SO2) or UV light, the surface skin isomerizes rapidly to crystalline beta-eleostearin and shrinks over the still-liquid interior, producing a characteristic matte, micro-wrinkled, frosted texture (historically utilized intentionally to create industrial "wrinkle finishes" on scientific instruments and camera bodies!). When a smooth, high-gloss film is desired, pre-heating TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) at 265–275 °C (or cooking it with 10%–25% linseed oil or rosin/phenolic resin) converts a portion of the conjugated trienes into Diels-Alder cyclohexene dimers, completely eliminating frosting/wrinkling and yielding a glass-smooth high-gloss finish.

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) HELP SOLVE?

 Eliminating Peeling, Flaking, and Gray Weathering on Yacht Teak Decks and Outdoor Hardwood Furniture: Replacing film-forming polyurethane or standard linseed oils with penetrating TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) replenishes the natural oleoresins lost from weathered Teak, Iroko, and Ipe, preventing water ingress, splitting, and mildew blackening without leaving a surface film that peels under foot traffic.

 Solving Slow Drying, Water Blushing, and Dark Yellowing of Linseed Oil Finishes: Whereas boiled linseed oil takes days to dry, turns white ("blushes") when wet with water or alcohol, promotes mold growth, and darkens heavily with age, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) dries to a dense C-C crosslinked polymer that resists standing water, hot coffee, wine, household soaps, and yellowing.

 Providing a 100% Food-Safe, Non-Toxic Finish for Wooden Cutting Boards, Countertops, and Children's Toys: Unlike mineral oil (which never dries and washes out with dish soap) or synthetic solvent urethanes, 100% Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) thinned with food-grade D-limonene cures into a permanent, washable, FDA 21 CFR 175.300 food-contact compliant finish.

 Accelerating Dry Time, Water Resistance, and Alkali Durability in Alkyd Resins and Offset Inks: Incorporating 15% to 35% w/w TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) into soybean or linseed long-oil alkyd cooks and lithographic ink vehicles slashes tack-free drying time, boosts through-cure hardness, and prevents alkali saponification on masonry or metal substrates.

 Imparting High Dielectric Insulation and Punchability to Phenolic Printed Circuit Boards (FR-2 / CEM-1): Reacting TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) with phenol-formaldehyde resoles plasticizes the brittle phenolic network internally, enabling paper-phenolic copper-clad laminates (CCLs) to be cold-punched cleanly without cracking while maintaining high electrical insulation resistance in humid environments.

BENEFITS FOR THE MANUFACTURER AND END USER

- 100% Renewable, Bio-Based Conjugated Drying Oil (~80%+ alpha-Eleostearic Acid): Nature's most reactive drying oil, delivering synthetic-resin durability from a sustainable botanical seed source.
- Superior C-C Crosslinked Waterproofing and Alkali Resistance: Direct carbon-carbon free-radical and Diels-Alder crosslinking provides far greater resistance to water, steam, alcohol, fruit acids, and alkaline detergents than non-conjugated drying oils.
- Deep Grain Penetration and High Optical Chatoyance (Refractive Index ~1.518): Penetrates dense tropical and temperate hardwoods and optically enriches wood grain figure without obscuring natural wood texture.
- Easy Spot-Repairability Without Stripping: Unlike polyurethane or lacquer films that must be completely sanded down when scratched, a surface finished with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) can be refreshed in minutes simply by wiping on a maintenance coat.
- US FDA 21 CFR 175.300 Food-Contact Compliance: Completely safe for food-contact woodenware and metal food-can linings once fully oxidized and cured.

APPLICATIONS OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is utilized across a wide spectrum of wood care, marine, coating, resin, ink, electrical, and composite applications:
TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is utilized as the primary deep-penetrating waterproofing finish and UV/weathering protector in Marine Teak Decking Oils, Yacht Brightwork Finishes, Outdoor Teak & Iroko Garden Furniture Oils, Architectural Timber Cladding Sealers, and Exterior Decking Stains.
TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is used for 100% natural, food-safe interior wood finishing in Wooden Butcher Blocks, Kitchen Countertops, Salad Bowls, Charcuterie Boards, Hardwood Parquet Flooring, Fine Antique Furniture Restoration, and Luthier Musical Instruments (guitar necks, violin bodies, and gunstocks).
Also TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is utilized in the preparation of Phenolic Spar Varnishes, Tung-Modified Long-Oil and Medium-Oil Alkyd Resins, and Urethane-Alkyd Wood & Metal Coatings to impart fast drying, boiling-water resistance, and alkali durability.

For High-Speed Offset, Lithographic, Intaglio (Banknote), and Metal-Decorating Printing Ink Vehicles, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is used as a fast-setting, rub-resistant conjugated drying oil and rosin-phenolic varnish modifier.
In Copper-Clad Laminate (CCL) Phenolic Paper Printed Circuit Boards (FR-2 / XXXPC / CEM-1) and Electrical Coil / Transformer Impregnating Insulating Varnishes, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is employed as a reactive internal toughener and hydrophobic dielectric barrier.
Furthermore, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is applied in Automotive Brake Linings, Clutch Facings, and Foundry Core Oils as a high-temperature thermosetting phenolic-oil friction binder.
Additionally, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is utilized in Concrete, Terrazzo, Terracotta, and Natural Stone Penetrating Sealers, Traditional Waterproof Oil-Paper / Canvas Treatments, Linoleum, and Glazing Putties.

WHICH INDUSTRIES USE TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)?

- The Marine Yacht Building, Boat Maintenance, and Outdoor Teak Furniture Manufacturing Industry uses TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) to formulate deep-penetrating Teak Oils and marine spar varnishes.
- The Architectural Wood Coating, Parquet Flooring, Fine Cabinetry, and Luthier Instrument Industry utilizes TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) for natural matte-to-gloss penetrating wood finishes and Danish Oils.
- The Synthetic Resin, Alkyd, Phenolic Varnish, and Industrial Paint Manufacturing Industry relies on TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) to upgrade drying speed, hardness, and water/alkali resistance.
- The Printing Ink and Tinplate Can-Coating Industry employs TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) in quick-set lithographic ink varnishes and FDA-compliant interior food-can lacquers.
- The Electronics, Copper-Clad Laminate (PCB), and Electrical Motor Insulation Industry uses TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) to produce flexible, punchable tung-modified phenolic laminates and coil varnishes.
- The Automotive Friction Material (Brake Lining), Foundry Core Binder, and Masonry Sealer Industry utilizes TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) as a thermally crosslinkable bio-based binder.

USE OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) IN MARINE TEAK DECKING, HARDWOOD FURNITURE AND FOOD-SAFE WOODENWARE

- Application of 100% Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and Citrus-Thinned Penetrating Wood Finishes: When finishing bare wood (such as Teak, Oak, Walnut, Cherry, Maple, or Beech sanded progressively to 220-grit sandpaper), 100% pure raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) has a natural viscosity of ~250 mPa·s, so for the first 1 to 2 penetrating seal coats it is best thinned 1:1 (50% oil : 50% solvent) with food-grade D-limonene (citrus terpene solvent) or odorless mineral spirits. Flood the wood surface liberally along the grain using a natural bristle brush or lint-free cotton pad, allow the oil to soak in for 20 to 30 minutes, and then wipe the surface completely dry of any unabsorbed standing oil using clean cloths (crucial: never leave puddles of unabsorbed Tung Oil on the surface, or they will dry into a frosted/sticky skin!). After drying for 12 to 24 hours in a well-ventilated room, lightly scuff with 400- to 600-grit wet/dry sandpaper (or 0000 steel wool) lubricated with a few drops of oil, wipe clean, and apply 2 to 5 subsequent build coats until the wood pores reach complete saturation and water beads tightly on the surface. Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) cures to a warm, velvety low-sheen matte finish (reaching light-use cure in 5 to 7 days and full crosslink cure in 15 to 30 days), whereas Polymerized (Heat-Bodied) TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) cures in 24 to 48 hours per coat to a rich satin-to-high-gloss finish.
- Commercial Marine & Garden Furniture Teak Oil Blends with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil): Because Teak (Tectona grandis) and Iroko have very dense, silica- and oleoresin-rich heartwood pores, commercial ready-to-brush Teak Oils combine 25% to 40% w/w TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (often co-cooked with a para-tert-butylphenol resin or urethane-alkyd and 10%–15% boiled linseed oil) with 45% to 55% w/w low-aromatic mineral spirits, 0.5% to 1.5% UV absorber/HALS + fungicide (IPBC), and a balanced zirconium/cobalt/calcium or iron-complex drier system. This gives 4- to 8-hour recoatability and deep UV/saltwater protection on boat decks and patio furniture.

USE OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) IN PHENOLIC SPAR VARNISHES, ALKYD RESINS, PRINTING INKS AND PCB LAMINATES

- Phenolic Spar Varnishes and Tung-Modified Alkyd Resins with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil): In classical marine spar varnishes (such as 25- to 40-gallon oil-length varnishes, i.e., 200 to 320 parts oil per 100 parts phenolic resin), TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is heated with oil-reactive para-tert-butylphenol or para-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin at 230 to 245 °C for 30 to 45 minutes until the desired string/pill viscosity is achieved, then let down in mineral spirits/turpentine with metallic driers. In long-oil and medium-oil alkyd synthesis, replacing 15% to 30% of soybean or linseed oil with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (added during the final esterification stage at 210–230 °C to prevent premature gelation) dramatically accelerates tack-free drying and wet-adhesion in industrial primers and wood stains.
- Copper-Clad Laminates (FR-2 PCBs), Electrical Varnishes, and Printing Inks with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil): In the manufacture of cold-punchable FR-2 and CEM-1 phenolic paper printed circuit boards, 20% to 35% w/w TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is reacted with phenol and cresol prior to formaldehyde resole condensation; the long C18 eleostearate chains plasticize the cured phenolic matrix internally while maintaining high solder-bath heat resistance (260 °C) and low dielectric loss.

FORMULATION AND PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

MANDATORY SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION SAFETY WARNING FOR OIL-SOAKED RAGS AND PADS:
Because TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) contains ~80% conjugated alpha-eleostearic acid that reacts exothermically with atmospheric oxygen (releasing heat during free-radical autoxidation), wiping rags, cotton cloths, paper towels, steel wool, or sanding dust soaked with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) WILL SPONTANEOUSLY HEAT UP AND BURST INTO FLAMES if left crumpled in a pile or thrown into a trash bin!
- Mandatory Rag Disposal Protocol: Immediately after wiping wood or cleaning spills, either submerge all oil-soaked rags and pads completely in a sealed metal container filled with water and a squirt of detergent, OR spread each rag out completely flat in a single layer outdoors on a non-combustible concrete surface weighted down with stones until the oil has oxidized into a hard, brittle film before disposal.

Preventing "Gas Checking" (Frosting / Wrinkling) and Beta-Eleostearin Crystallization:
- During Varnish Cooking: Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) must be heated through the 260 to 275 °C bodying zone for at least 5 to 10 minutes (or cooked with phenolic/rosin resin at 235–250 °C) to isomerize and Diels-Alder-cyclize a fraction of the conjugated trienes; under-cooked raw Tung Oil varnishes dry with a frosted, micro-wrinkled ("gas-checked") matte surface.
- During Cold Winter Storage (< +5 °C): If drums of Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) are exposed to freezing temperatures or strong sunlight + trace sulfur/iodine, liquid alpha-eleostearin (mp -3 °C) can slowly isomerize into white solid waxy crystals of all-trans beta-eleostearin (mp +48 to +62 °C). Store drums indoors at +15 to +30 °C in dark closed containers; if white crystals form in winter, warm the drum gently to +55 to +65 °C and agitate until clear.

Optimizing Metallic Siccative Drier Dosages for TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil):
Because TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) crosslinks rapidly at the surface upon exposure to excessive cobalt surface driers (which can cause surface skinning and wrinkling over an uncured wet interior), always use a low level of surface oxidation drier (0.02% to 0.04% w/w Cobalt metal or 0.02% Iron-bispidine complex on oil solids) balanced with a high level of through-drier (0.15% to 0.30% w/w Zirconium metal and 0.10% to 0.20% w/w Calcium metal on oil solids) plus 0.15% to 0.30% w/w Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime (MEKO) or replacement anti-skinning agent.

TYPICAL USE LEVELS AND INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

Typical commercial incorporation levels for TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) depend on the finishing method or resin system:
- 100% Pure Penetrating Wood Finish for Butcher Blocks, Salad Bowls, Countertops, and Fine Furniture: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is applied at 50% to 70% w/w diluted in 30% to 50% w/w food-grade D-limonene (citrus solvent) for the first 1 to 2 penetrating seal coats, followed by 80% to 100% w/w Pure Raw or Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) for the final 2 to 4 build coats.
- Commercial Marine & Outdoor Furniture Teak Oil Formulations: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Raw + Polymerized Stand Oil) is incorporated at 20.0% to 45.0% w/w of total formula alongside 10.0% to 20.0% w/w Boiled Linseed Oil / Long-Oil Alkyd or Phenolic Varnish, 40.0% to 55.0% w/w Dearomatized Mineral Spirits, 0.5% to 1.5% w/w UV Absorber / IPBC Fungicide, and 0.5% to 1.2% w/w Co/Zr/Ca Drier Package.
- Marine Phenolic Spar Varnishes (25- to 40-Gallon Oil Length): TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is cooked at 45.0% to 65.0% w/w on non-volatile vehicle solids (200 to 320 parts Tung Oil per 100 parts 100%-phenolic para-tert-butylphenol resin).
- Tung-Modified Long-Oil and Medium-Oil Alkyd Resins: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is incorporated at 12.0% to 30.0% w/w of the total fatty oil charge (replacing a portion of soybean or linseed oil) to boost dry speed, water resistance, and hardness.
- Phenolic Paper Copper-Clad Laminate (FR-2 / CEM-1 PCB) Impregnating Resins: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is reacted at 18.0% to 32.0% w/w on phenolic resole resin solids to impart cold-punching flexibility and low water absorption.
- Offset / Lithographic Quick-Set Printing Ink Vehicles: TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is used at 10.0% to 28.0% w/w in rosin-modified phenolic/maleic ink varnishes.
The four laboratory and pilot frameworks below illustrate preliminary R&D evaluation protocols for qualified technical personnel formulating with TEAK Oil (TUNG OIL).

EXAMPLE 1: FORMULATION AND WEATHERING EVALUATION OF A MARINE-GRADE PENETRATING TEAK OIL FOR YACHT DECKS AND OUTDOOR HARDWOOD FURNITURE

Purpose: To formulate a fast-penetrating, UV-stabilized, non-peeling Marine Teak Oil based on Raw and Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), and evaluate hardwood capillary penetration depth, tack-free drying time, water-beading contact angle, and QUV accelerated weathering on Teak (Tectona grandis) panels.
Initial screening formulation (per 1,000.0 g batch, total non-volatile oil/resin solids = 46.0% w/w, viscosity ~22 mPa·s at 25 °C):
- Pure Raw / Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, Ataman Kimya ASTM D12 Grade, n25/D = 1.5180, specific gravity 0.939 g/cm3, viscosity 240 mPa·s, deep pore-penetrating conjugated oil): 220.0 g (22.0% w/w)
- Heat-Bodied Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Stand Wood Oil, Gardner-Holdt viscosity Z2 ~3,600 mPa·s, non-frosting film-building and gloss-stabilizing conjugated oil): 100.0 g (10.0% w/w)
- Alkali-Refined Boiled Linseed Oil (CAS 8001-26-1, viscosity 45 mPa·s, flexible co-drying oil): 80.0 g (8.0% w/w)
- Tung-Modified Phenolic / Urethane-Alkyd Varnish Resin (75% solids in mineral spirits, surface toughness booster): 80.0 g (delivering 6.0% w/w dry resin)
- Dearomatized Low-Odor Aliphatic Mineral Spirits (Exxsol D40 / White Spirit, flash point 42 °C) or D-Limonene: 496.0 g (49.6% w/w)
- Benzotriazole UV Absorber (Tinuvin 384-2, 95% liquid) + Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer (Tinuvin 292): 8.0 g UV absorber + 4.0 g HALS (1.2% w/w total UV package)
- 3-Iodo-2-propynyl Butylcarbamate (IPBC, 30% solution, anti-mildew / anti-blue-stain fungicide): 4.0 g (0.4% w/w)
- Mixed Metallic Drier Package (Cobalt Octoate 10% Co: 1.2 g + Zirconium Octoate 18% Zr: 3.5 g + Calcium Octoate 10% Ca: 1.8 g, delivering 0.026% Co, 0.137% Zr, and 0.039% Ca on total vehicle solids): 6.5 g (0.65% w/w)
- Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime (MEKO, or ketoxime-free anti-skinning agent): 1.5 g (0.15% w/w)
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Stage 1 (Cold-Blend Compounding under Nitrogen): Charge the 220.0 g Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), 100.0 g Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), 80.0 g Boiled Linseed Oil, 80.0 g urethane-alkyd/phenolic resin, and 450.0 g of the dearomatized mineral spirits into a clean stainless-steel mixing vessel at 20 to 25 °C and stir at 300 rpm for 15 minutes until completely homogeneous.
- Stage 2 (Additive and Drier Incorporation): Pre-dilute the 6.5 g Co/Zr/Ca drier package in the remaining 46.0 g mineral spirits (never dump concentrated cobalt drier directly into neat Tung Oil, which can cause localized surface gel specks!), add slowly to the agitated batch along with the 12.0 g UV absorber/HALS blend, 4.0 g IPBC fungicide, and 1.5 g anti-skinning agent, and mix for 20 minutes. Filter through a 25-micron bag filter into nitrogen-purged metal cans.
- Stage 3 (Application and Marine Performance Testing on Teak Panels): Sand quarter-sawn Burmese/Plantation Teak (Tectona grandis) test boards (150 x 75 x 20 mm) with 180- and 220-grit sandpaper and wipe clean of dust. Apply 3 saturating wet-on-wet coats of the Teak Oil at 20-minute intervals with a natural bristle brush, then wipe off all excess surface oil cleanly with a lint-free cotton cloth (and submerge the cloth in a water-filled metal safety bucket!). Allow to cure for 24 hours at 23 °C / 50% RH and apply 1 thin final buffing coat. Verify: dry-to-touch time <= 4.5 hours, zero surface frosting/wrinkling, cross-section microscopic penetration depth >= 1.2 mm into Teak vessels, static water droplet contact angle >= 98 degrees (tight water beading), zero whitening after 24-hour saltwater and 50% ethanol spot tests (ASTM D1308), and 500 hours QUV-A accelerated weathering with zero peeling, blistering, or gray fiber raising.

EXAMPLE 2: 100% FOOD-SAFE PENETRATING BUTCHER-BLOCK, SALAD-BOWL, AND LUTHIER HARDWOOD FINISH USING PURE TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND CITRUS D-LIMONENE

Purpose: To prepare a zero-synthetic-chemical, zero-heavy-metal-drier, 100% food-contact safe penetrating wood finish ("Half-and-Half Citrus Tung Oil") from Pure Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and Food-Grade D-Limonene, and evaluate cure rate, water/stain resistance, and sensory neutrality on Maple and Walnut cutting boards.
Initial food-safe formulation (per 1,000.0 g batch):
- Pure Refined Pale TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, Ataman Kimya Food-Contact Grade per US FDA 21 CFR 175.300, Gardner color <= 6, acid value <= 2.5 mg KOH/g, n25/D = 1.5182, 0.0% metallic driers): 500.0 g (50.0% w/w for Coats 1–2; 100% neat oil used for Coats 3–5)
- Food/FCC-Grade Cold-Pressed Orange Terpene D-Limonene (CAS 5989-27-5,purity >= 96%, natural bio-solvent thinner): 499.0 g (49.9% w/w)
- Natural Mixed Tocopherols (Vitamin E, E306, natural in-can storage antioxidant): 1.0 g (0.1% w/w)
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Blend the 500.0 g Pure Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), 499.0 g food-grade D-Limonene, and 1.0 g natural tocopherols at 22 °C for 10 minutes to obtain a crystal-clear, sweet-orange-scented penetrating oil with a dynamic viscosity of ~14 mPa·s at 25 °C (18 times less viscous than neat Tung Oil!).
- Prepare hard sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black walnut (Juglans nigra) end-grain cutting boards by sanding to 220 grit, misting lightly with water to raise the grain ("water-popping"), drying, and sanding smooth with 320 grit.
- Apply Coat 1 & Coat 2 generously using the 50:50 Citrus TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) blend, allowing 30 minutes of deep absorption before wiping bone-dry with a lint-free cotton rag; let cure for 24 hours between coats in a warm, airy room.
- Apply Coats 3, 4, and 5 using 100% neat Pure Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), wet-sanding Coat 3 with 600-grit silicon carbide paper lubricated with the oil itself to create a fine wood-oil slurry that fills micro-pores, wiping dry after 30 minutes, and allowing 48 hours between coats.
- Cure for 15 days at 23 °C: verify a rich, velvety satin matte finish that passes 24-hour standing spot tests with boiling water, red wine, lemon juice (citric acid), olive oil, and dish-soap scrubbing with zero water rings, zero raised grain, and 100% US FDA 21 CFR 175.300 food-contact safety.

EXAMPLE 3: HIGH-TEMPERATURE COOKING OF A 30-GALLON MARINE PHENOLIC SPAR VARNISH WITH TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND PARA-TERT-BUTYLPHENOL RESIN

Purpose: To synthesize a classical 30-gallon oil-length Marine Phenolic Spar Varnish (240 parts oil per 100 parts 100%-phenolic resin) by cooking TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and Alkali-Refined Linseed Oil with a reactive para-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin, and verify boiling-water and 5% NaOH alkali resistance.
Initial varnish kettle charge (per 1,000.0 g finished varnish at 55.0% non-volatile solids):
- Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, Ataman Kimya ASTM D12 Grade, Browne gelation time 10.0 min at 282 °C): 318.0 g (80% of total oil charge)
- Alkali-Refined Linseed Oil (Gardner color <= 4, "chill-back" oil): 79.5 g (20% of total oil charge; Total Oil = 397.5 g = 240 parts per 100 parts phenolic resin)
- 100% Oil-Reactive para-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin (Melting point 75–85 °C, methylol-reactive resole/novolac): 165.5 g (Total cooked vehicle solids after condensation water loss ~ 550.0 g)
- Mineral Spirits + 10% Dipentene / Gum Turpentine (solvent let-down blend): 442.0 g
- Cobalt / Zirconium / Calcium Octoate Drier + MEKO Anti-Skinning Package: 8.0 g
Laboratory evaluation procedure:
- Stage 1 (Phenolic-Tung Cooking & Gas-Proofing at 235–240 °C): Charge the 318.0 g of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and 165.5 g crushed para-tert-butylphenol resin into a 2-liter 316L stainless-steel varnish kettle equipped with an inert nitrogen sparge, mechanical agitator, and thermometer. Heat to 150 °C until the phenolic resin dissolves completely, then ramp at 3 °C/min to 238 °C (observing foaming at 180–210 °C as methylol groups condense and Diels-Alder / chroman rings form with the conjugated trienes of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil)). Hold at 238 to 240 °C for 25 to 35 minutes until a drop on a cold glass plate draws a 15 cm firm string and passes the "frost-free gas-check" test.
- Stage 2 (Linseed Oil Chill-Back and Solvent Let-Down): Immediately add the 79.5 g cold Alkali-Refined Linseed Oil to chill the batch temperature down to 205 °C (preventing gelation), hold at 215 °C for 15 minutes to cross-esterify, cool to 145 °C, and slowly blend in the 442.0 g mineral spirits / dipentene solvent blend. At 40 °C, add the 8.0 g drier/anti-skinning package and filter.
- Stage 3 (Varnish Film Evaluation): Confirm Gardner-Holdt viscosity = Grade E to G (~140 mPa·s at 25 °C) and Gardner color <= 10. Draw down a 75-micron wet film on glass, steel, and mahogany panels: confirm tack-free dry time = 2.0 to 2.5 hours, hard dry = 6 hours, 60° gloss >= 92 GU, zero wrinkling/frosting in a bell-jar gas-check oven, zero whitening or blistering after 7 hours immersion in boiling water (100 °C), and zero film softening after 24 hours immersion in 5% aqueous NaOH solution (ASTM D1647).

EXAMPLE 4: BROWNE HEAT TEST (ASTM D1955 / D12) AND REFRACTIVE INDEX AUTHENTICITY VERIFICATION OF PURE TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

Purpose: To perform incoming quality control authentication on a commercial shipment of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5) using the ASTM D1955 (Browne Heat Test at 282.0 °C) and ASTM D1466 Refractive Index protocol to verify 100% pure Vernicia fordii conjugated-triene content and zero adulteration with soybean or linseed oil.
Laboratory analytical procedure:
- Step 1 (Refractive Index at 25.0 °C): Equilibrate the Abbe refractometer prism with a circulating water bath at 25.0 +/- 0.1 °C, calibrate with deionized water (n25/D = 1.3325), and measure 3 drops of the TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) sample. Verify that n25/D falls strictly within 1.5165 to 1.5200 (typical Ataman Kimya lot: 1.5180 to 1.5190; note that adding just 10% soybean oil drops n25/D below 1.5120!).
- Step 2 (ASTM D1955 / Browne Heat Gelation Test at 282.0 °C): Fill an 11-cm thermostated oil bath (containing high-temperature silicone oil or USP cottonseed oil) heated to 293 °C so that when two 16 x 150 mm glass test tubes containing 5.0 mL of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (fitted with perforated corks and glass rods) are immersed, the bath temperature drops to and is maintained at 282.0 +/- 1.0 °C (540.0 °F). Start the stopwatch the instant the bath reaches 282.0 °C. After 7 minutes, lift the glass rod 2.5 cm every 15 seconds until the oil polymerizes into a stiff gel that lifts the entire test tube when the rod is raised: record this exact time as the Gelation Time (verify <= 12.0 minutes, typically 9.0 to 11.0 minutes).
- Step 3 (Gel Quality Inspection): Remove the gelled tube, cool for 15 minutes, extract the cylindrical polymer plug, and slice with a palette knife: verify that authentic pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) forms a firm, dry, pale, crumbly elastic solid that cuts cleanly without sticking to the knife blade (whereas adulterated oil forms a soft, sticky, stringy paste and takes > 13 to 18 minutes to gel).

COMPATIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

- Compatible Resins, Oils, and Solvents:
  - Solvents: 100% miscible with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (mineral spirits, white spirit, naphtha, xylene, toluene), terpene solvents (gum turpentine, dipentene, D-limonene citrus solvent), esters (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate), ketones (MEK, MIBK), and higher alcohols/glycol ethers (butyl glycol).
  - Resins & Oils: Compatible with 100%-phenolic resins (para-tert-butylphenol, para-octylphenol, para-phenylphenol resoles and novolacs), rosin (gum/wood/tall-oil colophony), maleic/fumaric-modified rosin esters, coumarone-indene and hydrocarbon C9/C5 resins, long- and medium-oil alkyds, urethane-alkyds, epoxy esters, linseed oil, soybean oil, dehydrated castor oil (DCO), and bodied fish/safflower oils.
- Chemical and Processing Incompatibilities:
  - Incompatible Solvents: Insoluble in water; sparingly soluble in cold methanol, ethanol, glycerol, and ethylene glycol.
  - Strong Oxidizing Agents & Porous Fibrous Materials (Spontaneous Ignition Hazard!): Incompatible with strong oxidizers (concentrated nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, permanganates, chlorates, hypochlorites). When dispersed with high surface area on porous organic fibers (cotton rags, paper, sawdust, cellulose insulation), rapid exothermic autoxidation with air can cause spontaneous ignition!
  - Trace Iodine, Bromine, Sulfur, and Strong Lewis Acids: Trace amounts (< 0.05%) of elemental iodine, sulfur, selenium, or strong Lewis acids (FeCl3, AlCl3, SnCl4, BF3) rapidly catalyze cis-to-trans isomerization of liquid alpha-eleostearin into solid white beta-eleostearin ("tung butter" solidification) or trigger cationic polymerization.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND LINSEED OIL (RAW & BOILED LINSEED OIL, CAS 8001-26-1)

Linseed Oil (pressed from flax seeds, Linum usitatissimum) contains ~52%–58% alpha-linolenic acid with three non-conjugated (methylene-interrupted) double bonds. Compared to TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (~80% conjugated alpha-eleostearic acid), Linseed Oil dries much more slowly, forms weaker C-O-C ether/peroxide crosslinks that absorb water and turn white ("blush") under wet glasses or rain, is far more prone to mildew/fungal growth, and yellows/darkens heavily over time. TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) cures via direct C-C covalent bonds into a tough, waterproof, alkali-resistant, non-darkening finish—which is why premium Teak Oils and marine spar varnishes rely on TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) as their primary protective oil.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL (DCO, CAS 64147-40-6)

Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) is produced synthetically by catalytically dehydrating castor oil (ricinoleic acid) at 250 °C to generate a mixture of ~30%–35% conjugated (9,11-linoleic) and ~50% non-conjugated (9,12-linoleic) dienoic fatty acids. While DCO is non-yellowing in white baking alkyds, DCO has only two double bonds per chain (only 30% conjugated) compared to three conjugated double bonds (~80% alpha-eleostearic) in TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), so TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) dries much faster and achieves vastly superior boiling-water and alkali resistance.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND DANISH OIL / HARDWAX OIL

"Danish Oil" is a commercial wiping-varnish category typically formulated from a blend of Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (or linseed oil), a urethane-alkyd or phenolic varnish resin (30%–45% total solids), and mineral spirits, designed as a 2- to 3-coat satin interior furniture finish. "Hardwax Oil" adds carnauba/candelilla/paraffin waxes to a tung/linseed/alkyd base for interior parquet floors. Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is the 100% active conjugated-triene drying oil raw material used to manufacture both Danish Oils and Hardwax Oils, as well as Marine Teak Oils.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) AND WHITE MINERAL OIL (PARAFFIN OIL, CAS 8042-47-5) IN BUTCHER BLOCKS

White Mineral Oil (USP liquid petrolatum) is a saturated petroleum hydrocarbon often sold as "butcher block oil". Because mineral oil contains zero double bonds, it NEVER dries or polymerizes—remaining permanently liquid inside the wood, leaching onto food, and washing out after a few hot soapy dishwashing cycles. By contrast, 100% Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) polymerizes into a dry, solid, waterproof, FDA 21 CFR 175.300 food-safe elastomer inside the cutting board that does not wash out with soap and water.

QUALITY GRADES, QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

Ataman Kimya supplies TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) across four tailored industrial and wood-finishing grades:
100% Pure Raw / Cold-Pressed TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (ASTM D12 / ISO 5061 Standard Grade):
Unadulterated 100% Vernicia fordii seed oil with Specific Gravity 0.936–0.942 g/cm3 (20 °C), Refractive Index n25/D = 1.5165–1.5200, Iodine Value >= 163 g I2/100 g, Acid Value <= 5.0–8.0 mg KOH/g, Gardner Color <= 9–12, and Browne Gelation Time <= 12.0 minutes at 282 °C. Ideal for phenolic/alkyd resin cooking, natural matte wood finishing, concrete sealing, and PCB laminates.
Refined Pale Low-Acid TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Food-Contact & Fine Wood Finishing Grade):
Alkali-refined, winterized, and earth-bleached pure Tung Oil with Gardner Color <= 5 to 7, Acid Value <= 2.5 to 3.0 mg KOH/g, moisture <= 0.10% w/w, and zero metallic driers. Ideal for FDA 21 CFR 175.300 food-contact cutting boards, luthier musical instruments, light-colored oak/maple furniture, and pale overprint varnishes.

Heat-Bodied / Polymerized Stand TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Non-Frosting High-Gloss Grade):
Thermally pre-polymerized under nitrogen at 265–275 °C to controlled Gardner-Holdt viscosities (e.g., Grade Q, U, Z2, or Z4; 500 to 10,000 mPa·s at 25 °C). Dries twice as fast as raw Tung Oil to a crystal-clear, wrinkle-free, high-gloss waterproof film for marine brightwork, gunstocks, and quick-set offset printing inks.
Formulated Marine & Hardwood Penetrating Teak Oil Finish:
Ready-to-apply low-viscosity penetrating blend of Raw and Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), boiled linseed oil, modified phenolic/alkyd resin, UV stabilizers, fungicide, and driers in low-odor mineral spirits or D-limonene for yacht decks and outdoor Teak furniture.

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

- Commercial Packaging Formats from Ataman Kimya:
  - 190 kg net tight-head (closed-top) steel drums (internally clean cold-rolled steel or epoxy-phenolic lined, purged with nitrogen to minimize headspace oxygen, 4 drums per pallet = 760 kg net).
  - 25 kg and 50 kg high-density polyethylene (HDPE) jerrycans or metal pails for woodworking, marine, and specialty ink formulators.
  - 950 kg net Intermediate Bulk Containers (HDPE IBC totes in galvanized steel cages) and 20,000 kg bulk ISO tank containers.
- Storage Conditions and Shelf Life:
  - Store TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) in tightly sealed, full containers (minimizing air headspace, or blanketed with dry nitrogen) in a cool, dark, well-ventilated indoor warehouse at +15 °C to +30 °C, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, strong oxidizers, and sulfur/halogen vapors.
  - Prevent Air Skinning in Partially Used Containers: Because TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) polymerizes upon contact with oxygen in the air headspace, partially emptied drums or cans will form a rubbery surface skin over weeks if left exposed to air; purge partially used containers with nitrogen or transfer into smaller air-free containers.
  - Prevent Cold Beta-Isomer Solidification (< +5 °C): Do not store below +5 °C; if white waxy crystals of beta-eleostearin form during cold winter transport, warm the closed drum gently in a +50 to +60 °C warm room until completely clear and liquid before drawing off.
  - Shelf Life: Minimum 24 to 36 months (2 to 3 years) in unopened, nitrogen-blanketed drums stored at 15 to 28 °C.
- Transport Classification (ADR / RID / ADN / IMDG / IATA-DGR):
  - 100% Pure Raw / Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, Flash Point >= 230 °C): Not regulated as dangerous goods for transport (Non-Hazardous Cargo under ADR, RID, IMDG Code, and IATA).
  - Note: Formulated solvent-borne Teak Oil blends containing mineral spirits or D-limonene (Flash Point 40–60 °C) are transported under UN 1263 (PAINT / PAINT RELATED MATERIAL, Class 3, PG III).

FIRST AID MEASURES AND SAFETY INFORMATION FOR TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

- Spontaneous Combustion Hazard of Oil-Soaked Rags (CRITICAL FIRE SAFETY RULE):
  - While liquid 100% Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) in a drum or bottle has a very high flash point (>= 230 °C closed cup / 280 °C open cup) and is non-flammable in bulk, rags, cotton pads, paper towels, wood shavings, or sawdust wetted with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) undergo rapid exothermic oxidation when exposed to air. If crumpled or piled together where heat cannot dissipate, the temperature inside the rag pile will rise above ~340 °C and cause SPONTANEOUS IGNITION within 1 to 6 hours! Always submerge used rags in a water-filled metal container or hang them flat in a single layer outdoors to cure hard before disposal.
- Toxicological, Allergen, and Food-Contact Profile:
  - Raw Liquid Oil Ingestion vs. Cured Film Food Safety: Raw liquid Tung nuts and raw unpolymerized Tung Oil contain trace diterpene esters (such as alpha-eleostearin and trace phorbol-type esters from the Euphorbiaceae seed kernel) that cause gastrointestinal purgative irritation (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) if the raw liquid oil is swallowed in significant quantities—so raw liquid TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is strictly for industrial/surface application and NOT an edible cooking/salad oil! However, once applied to wood or metal and fully oxidized/cured into a solid crosslinked film (15 to 30 days for raw oil, or oven-baked in can coatings), all reactive species are completely destroyed/immobilized, and the cured film is 100% non-toxic and approved by the US FDA under 21 CFR 175.300 for direct food contact.
  - Skin Contact & Botanical Sensitivity: Prolonged or repeated skin contact with liquid TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) may cause mild skin dryness or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. (Note: botanically, the Tung tree Vernicia fordii belongs to the spurge family Euphorbiaceae—the same family as castor bean and rubber trees—rather than culinary tree nuts of the Juglandaceae or Fagaceae families, though individuals with severe botanical/seed sensitivities should wear nitrile gloves and patch-test.)
  - Inhalation: Pure 100% TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is non-volatile (0% VOC), though low-molecular-weight aldehydes/ketones evolved during oxidative film drying (or solvent vapors from D-limonene / mineral spirits in thinned Teak Oils) require good room ventilation during indoor wood finishing.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) & First Aid:
  - Wear nitrile rubber gloves (EN 374) and safety glasses (EN 166) when handling, and ensure good cross-ventilation during wood application or local exhaust during high-temperature varnish cooking.
  - Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of lukewarm running water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  - Skin Contact: Wipe off excess oil and wash skin thoroughly with mild soap and water (or waterless hand cleaner; never wash skin with harsh paint thinners).
  - Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting! Rinse mouth with water and consult a physician or poison control center if swallowed.

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PURCHASING TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)?

Clarify Whether Your Application Requires 100% Pure Tung Oil (CAS 8001-20-5) or a Formulated Ready-to-Use Teak Oil Blend: Resin, alkyd, varnish, ink, PCB laminate, and food-safe cutting-board manufacturers require 100% Pure Raw, Refined, or Heat-Bodied TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5, 0% solvent), whereas marine chandleries and DIY furniture lines may require a solvent-thinned, drier-catalyzed Teak Oil finish.
Verify Authenticity via Refractive Index (n25/D = 1.5165–1.5200) and Browne Heat Gelation Time (<= 12.0 min at 282 °C): Because pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is a premium specialty oil, low-grade market offerings are sometimes diluted with cheaper soybean, linseed, or sunflower oil. Always insist on a batch Certificate of Analysis verifying ASTM D12 compliance: Specific Gravity 0.936–0.942 g/cm3, n25/D >= 1.5165, Iodine Value >= 163 g I2/100 g, and 282 °C Gelation Time <= 12.0 minutes.

Choose Between Raw/Refined Grade and Polymerized (Stand Oil) Grade Based on Gloss and Dry Speed: Select Raw or Pale Refined TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (~250 mPa·s) for maximum wood-pore penetration, natural matte finishes, and in-house phenolic/alkyd kettle cooking; select Heat-Bodied Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (1,000–10,000 mPa·s) when you need fast drying, high gloss, and zero surface frosting without cooking in your own plant.
For Pale Wood Finishes, Luthier Instruments, and White/Clear Coatings, Specify Gardner Color <= 5 to 8 and Acid Value <= 3.0 to 5.0 mg KOH/g.
Finally, ensure that drums or IBCs of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) are shipped full and nitrogen-purged to prevent surface skinning and peroxide buildup during transit.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) SUPPLY FROM ATAMAN KİMYA

Ataman Kimya supplies authentic, 100% pure ASTM D12 / ISO 5061 compliant TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Pure China Wood Oil / Vernicia fordii Seed Oil, CAS 8001-20-5, EC 232-272-3, refractive index n25/D = 1.5165–1.5200, specific gravity 0.936–0.942 g/cm3, iodine value >= 163, Browne gelation time <= 12 minutes, alpha-eleostearic acid ~80%–82%) directly from warehouse stock in Türkiye in 190 kg steel drums, 950 kg IBC totes, and 25 kg jerrycans.
Every shipment of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) from Ataman Kimya is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (CoA) verifying refractive index, specific gravity, Gardner color, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, moisture, and 282 °C heat-gelation time, together with EU REACH / CLP and Turkish KKDIK compliant Safety Data Sheets.

For marine Teak Oil, Danish Oil, Hardwax Oil, and wood-stain formulators, Ataman Kimya offers a complete portfolio alongside TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil)—including Raw & Boiled Linseed Oil, Refined Soybean Oil, Dehydrated Castor Oil, Food-Grade D-Limonene (Citrus Terpene), Gum Turpentine, Dearomatized Mineral Spirits, para-tert-Butylphenol Resins, Rosin Esters, Carnauba/Candelilla Waxes, Cobalt/Zirconium/Calcium/Iron Driers, MEKO Anti-Skinning Agents, and UV Absorbers.
For alkyd resin, phenolic spar varnish, offset printing ink, and PCB laminate manufacturers, Ataman Kimya provides bulk drum and IBC deliveries of both Standard Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and Refined / Polymerized grades with reliable just-in-time logistics across Türkiye, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
Ataman Kimya's technical team supports R&D chemists and wood-coating manufacturers with laboratory evaluation samples of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and formulation guidance.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL)

 Is "Teak Oil" extracted from the Teak tree, or how are Teak Oil and Tung Oil related?
No commercial oil is pressed from the Teak tree (Tectona grandis)! In the chemical and wood-coatings industry, Pure Tung Oil (China Wood Oil, CAS 8001-20-5, EC 232-272-3) is cold-pressed from the seed nuts of the Tung tree (Vernicia fordii / Aleurites fordii). Because Pure Tung Oil is the world's most water-resistant, deep-penetrating natural drying oil, it is used both neat and as the primary conjugated drying-oil component (alongside linseed oil, varnish resin, and mineral spirits/D-limonene) in commercial "Teak Oil" formulations designed to protect and maintain Teak yacht decks and outdoor hardwood furniture.

 Why does TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) dry faster and resist water and alkali so much better than Linseed Oil?
Approximately 80% to 82% of the fatty acids in TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) consist of alpha-eleostearic acid, which contains three conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds (-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH- at C9, C11, C13). Upon exposure to oxygen in air, these conjugated trienes crosslink via direct 1,4- and 1,6-free-radical addition to form hydrolytically indestructible carbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bonds. By contrast, Linseed Oil contains non-conjugated double bonds (C9, C12, C15) that crosslink primarily through weaker carbon-oxygen (C-O-C / C-O-O-C) bonds that swell in water, saponify in alkali, and yellow in the dark.

 What is the difference between 100% Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) and Polymerized (Heat-Bodied) TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil)?
100% Pure Raw TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) has a lower viscosity (~250 mPa·s at 25 °C), penetrates deeply into bare wood (especially when thinned 1:1 with D-limonene or mineral spirits), cures over 5 to 15 days per coat, and dries to a natural, low-luster velvety matte finish. Polymerized (Heat-Bodied / Stand) TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) has been thermally pre-polymerized under nitrogen at ~265–275 °C via Diels-Alder cycloaddition; it is thicker (1,000 to 10,000 mPa·s), dries in 12 to 24 hours per coat, never frosts or wrinkles ("gas-checks"), and produces a hard, high-gloss waterproof finish.

 Is TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) food-safe for wooden cutting boards, butcher blocks, and salad bowls?
Yes—provided you use 100% Pure Raw or Heat-Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (thinned only with food-grade D-limonene citrus solvent, with zero toxic heavy-metal driers or petroleum distillates) and allow it to cure completely (15 to 30 days) before food contact! Once cured, pure Tung Oil is recognized by the US FDA under 21 CFR 175.300 as a GRAS food-contact coating.

 How do laboratories test whether a shipment of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is 100% pure and unadulterated?
Two rapid ASTM D12 tests confirm authenticity immediately: (1) Refractive Index at 25 °C (n25/D) must be between 1.5165 and 1.5200 (the highest of any seed oil due to its conjugated triene structure; adulteration with soybean or linseed oil immediately drops n25/D below 1.5150); and (2) the ASTM D1955 Browne Heat Test at 282.0 °C (540 °F), where 5 mL of pure Tung Oil must polymerize into a firm, dry, crumbly non-sticky solid gel within <= 12.0 minutes (typically 9 to 11 minutes).

 Why do rags soaked with TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) pose a spontaneous combustion fire risk, and how must they be handled?
Because the conjugated double bonds of TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) react exothermically with oxygen in air, a high surface area of oil spread over cotton rags, paper towels, or sanding dust generates heat faster than a crumpled pile of rags can dissipate it—causing the rag pile to self-heat above 340 °C and burst into flames! Always submerge oil-soaked rags immediately in a sealed metal can filled with water, or spread them out flat in a single layer outdoors on concrete until cured hard before disposal.

 Why did my drum of Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) turn into a white buttery solid in winter, and is it ruined?
No, it is not ruined! When Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is cooled below +2 to +5 °C (or exposed to light), the liquid cis-9,trans-11,trans-13 alpha-eleostearin triglyceride isomerizes into white solid crystalline all-trans-9,11,13 beta-eleostearin ("tung butter", melting point +48 to +62 °C). Simply warming the sealed drum in a hot-air room at +55 to +65 °C for several hours melts the crystals back into clear liquid oil with all drying properties intact.

 Why should excess TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) always be wiped off the wood surface 20 to 30 minutes after each coat?
TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is designed to cure inside the wood pores, not as a thick puddle on top. If unabsorbed raw Tung Oil is left pooled on the surface, the top skin oxidizes faster than the liquid underneath, creating a cloudy, frosted, or sticky micro-wrinkled film. Flooding the surface, waiting 20–30 minutes for absorption, and wiping the surface bone-dry with a lint-free cloth guarantees a glass-smooth, non-sticky finish.

 How is TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) used in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and electrical varnishes?
In paper-phenolic Copper-Clad Laminates (FR-2 and CEM-1 PCBs) and electrical motor coil varnishes, 20% to 30% w/w TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) is chemically reacted onto the phenolic resin backbone. The long C18 conjugated chains act as an internal covalent plasticizer and hydrophobic barrier, allowing circuit boards to be cold-punched cleanly without cracking while maintaining high electrical insulation resistance in humid air.

 Is 100% Pure TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) classified as dangerous goods for road, sea, or air transport?
No. 100% Pure Raw or Polymerized TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (CAS 8001-20-5) has a very high flash point (>= 230 °C closed cup / 280 °C open cup), is non-volatile, and is NOT regulated as dangerous goods under ADR, RID, IMDG, or IATA transport regulations.

TEAK OIL (TUNG OIL) – TECHNICAL SUMMARY

TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) (Pure Tung Oil, China Wood Oil, Vernicia fordii / Aleurites fordii Seed Oil, CAS 8001-20-5, EC 232-272-3, INCI: ALEURITES FORDII SEED OIL) is the global benchmark conjugated-triene natural drying oil (~80%–82% alpha-eleostearic acid) and deep-penetrating hardwood waterproofing binder. Characterized by its high refractive index (n25/D = 1.5165 to 1.5200), high specific gravity (0.936 to 0.942 g/cm3 at 20 °C), Wijs iodine value >= 163 g I2/100 g, rapid 282 °C Browne heat gelation time (<= 12.0 minutes), and direct carbon-carbon (C-C) free-radical and Diels-Alder crosslinking mechanism, TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil) delivers unmatched boiling-water impermeability, alkali durability, non-yellowing grain enhancement, and US FDA 21 CFR 175.300 cured food-contact safety across Marine Teak Decking Oils, Outdoor Hardwood Furniture Finishes, Food-Safe Butcher-Block & Luthier Oils, Phenolic Spar Varnishes, Tung-Modified Alkyd Resins, Quick-Set Offset Printing Inks, and Copper-Clad Laminate (FR-2 PCB) Electrical Resins. For technical data sheets, ASTM D12 Certificate of Analysis verification, sample requests, or bulk drum and IBC quotations for TEAK Oil (TUNG Oil), contact Ataman Kimya:

Ataman Chemicals
Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
Email: info@atamankimya.com