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CAS NO: 75-65-0
EC NO: 200-889-7
tert-Butyl alcohol, also called tert-butanol or t-butanol, is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as t-BuOH). It is one of the four isomers of butanol.[a] tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor. It is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.
Natural occurrence
tert-Butyl alcohol has been identified in beer and chickpeas.[5] It is also found in cassava,[6] which is used as a fermentation ingredient in certain alcoholic beverages.
Preparation
tert-Butyl alcohol is derived commercially from isobutane as a coproduct of propylene oxide production. It can also be produced by the catalytic hydration of isobutylene, or by a Grignard reaction between acetone and methylmagnesium chloride.
Purification cannot be performed by simple distillation due to formation of an azeotrope with water, although initial drying of the solvent containing large amounts of water is performed by adding benzene to form a tertiary azeotrope and distilling off the water. Smaller amounts of water are removed by drying with calcium oxide (CaO), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), followed by fractional distillation. Anhydrous tert-butyl alcohol is obtained by further refluxing and distilling from magnesium activated with iodine, or alkali metals such as sodium or potassium. Other methods include the use of 4 Å molecular sieves, aluminium tert-butylate, calcium hydride (CaH2), or fractional crystallization under inert atmosphere.
Applications
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate. It is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
Reactions
As a tertiary alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol is more resistant to oxidation than the other isomers of butanol.
tert-Butyl alcohol is deprotonated with a strong base to give the alkoxide. Particular common is potassium tert-butoxide, which is prepared by treating tert-butanol with potassium metal.[8]
K + t-BuOH → t-BuO−K+ + 1/2H2
The tert-butoxide is a strong, non-nucleophilic base in organic chemistry. It readily abstracts acidic protons from substrates, but its steric bulk inhibits the group from participating in nucleophilic substitution, such as in a Williamson ether synthesis or an SN2 reaction.
tert-Butyl alcohol reacts with hydrogen chloride to form tert-butyl chloride.
O-Chlorination of tert-butyl alcohol with hypochlorous acid to give tert-butyl hypochlorite:[9]
(CH3)3COH + HOCl → (CH3)3COCl + H2O
Chemical formula C4H10O
Molar mass 74.123 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless solid
Odor Camphorous
Density 0.775 g/mL
Melting point 25 to 26 °C; 77 to 79 °F; 298 to 299 K
Boiling point 82 to 83 °C; 179 to 181 °F; 355 to 356 K
Solubility in water miscible
log P 0.584
Vapor pressure 4.1 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 16.54
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) 5.742×10−5 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.387
Dipole moment 1.31 D
Industry Uses
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Consumer Uses
Fuels and related products
Laboratory Use
Other Commercial Manufacturing
Consumer Uses
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and fuels.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use as processing aid.
Widespread uses by professional workers
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, fuels, laboratory chemicals and water treatment chemicals. tert-Butyl alcohol
is used in the following areas: scientific research and development. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use as processing aid.
Formulation or re-packing
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, fuels and water treatment chemicals.
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
tert-Butyl alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of the substance.
Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) is a clear, noncorrosive liquid. It is miscible with water as well as most common organic solvents and forms azeotrope. The sterically hindered tertiary butyl group imparts stability compare to primary and secondary alcohols. In result, the solubility and oxidative stability characteristics provide many industrial applications as a reaction and process solvent and chemical intermediate. It is used as a non-reactive solvent for chemical reactions, a non-surfactant compatibilizer for many solvent blends, and a non-corrosive solvent. It is used in free radical polymerizations to dissolve monomers. TBA is a main raw material of tert-butyl functional group in organic synthesis. It is used as a coupling aid for formulating pesticides and fertilizers in aqueous solutions without generating an emulsion. TBA was used as a fuel additive for high octane component to replace tetraethyl lead. TBA is used as a reaction solvent as well as an intermediate for the product of organic peroxides, metal alkoxides. Tert-butyl group is readily cleaved under strongly acidic conditions. TBA is a source to produce alkylated aromatic and nitrogen compounds in mid acidic conditions. Dehydration reaction of TBA yields isobutylene which is the main raw material of MTBE, the mostly used fuel oxygenates.
tert-Butyl alcohol (tBA) is a tertiary alcohol. It undergoes dehydration by reactive distillation in the presence of solid acid catalyst to form isobutylene with high selectivity.[1] Lipase-mediated alcoholysis of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) has been conducted in tBA (as reaction medium) to generate biodiesel.[2] Formation of 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol (TBC), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DTBC) and tert-butyl-p-tolyl ether has been reported when p-cresol undergoes butylation by tBA in the presence of 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on zirconia (TPA/ZrO2) catalyst.[3] The interaction behavior of tBA on the Si (001)-(2×1) surface has been assessed by using the ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) based on pseudopotential approach.
Solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate. It is a chemical intermediate used to produce MTBE and ETBE by reaction with methanol and ethanol, and TBHP by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
Description
Colorless liquid or colorless or white crystals with a camphor-like odor.
Uses
Denaturant for ethanol, mfg flotation agents, flavors, perfumes.
tert-Butyl Alcohol (tBA) is used as a solvent; as a denaturant for ethanol and several other alcohols; in the manufacture of flotation agents, fruit essences, and perfumes; as an octane booster in gasoline; as a dehydrating agent; and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate. tBA's production for industrial uses may result in its direct release to the environment through various waste streams. tBA is also a likely degradation product of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
Together with heat, tert-butyl alcohol is used to generate reactive palladium (0) in this reaction. Generally, tert-butyl alcohol is used as a common solvent. As a tertiary alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol is more stable to oxidation. Its conjugate base, tert-butoxide is a strong base. Since it is bulky, tert-butoxide normally does not participate in nucleophilic substitution, such as in a Williamson ether synthesis or an SN2 reaction.
Our Tert-Butyl alcohol is a highly pure product obtained by hydrating isobutylene. It is used as raw material for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals and as a special solvent or the like.
What is tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA)?
tert-Butyl alcohol is a simple organic compound that contains only carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).The chemical formula for TBA is C4H10O. As its name suggests, this chemical contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups (‐CH3), each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon. TBA also contains an alcohol group (‐OH) that is also attached to the centraltertiary carbon.Organic chemicals often have several different names. Some of the other commonly used names for TBA are tert‐butanol, tert‐butyl alcohol, t‐butanol,2‐methyl‐2‐propanol, 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol, trimethylcarbinol,and trimethyl methanol. Each chemical has a unique
CAS(ChemicalAbstractService)Registry Number. The CAS number for TBA is 75‐65‐0.
This number can be used to obtain specific information about TBA from a wide variety
of sources.
What are the main sources of tert-Butyl alcohol in groundwater?
After all, gasoline most likely.It can be the main source of tert-Butyl alcohol found in groundwater. Gasoline to pollute groundwater must be entered underground. This can happen from a variety of sources: others, gasoline distribution and recent (legacy, storage system versions and pipelines) and consumers (eg refueling spills, automobile accidents, bad consumer disposal practices). An important reason why gasoline is an important source of tert-Butyl alcohol,
Biodegradation of other gasoline components such as ether oxygenates (e.g. methyl- and
ethyl ethyl ether [MTBE and ETBE]) can form tert-Butyl alcohol.
tert-Butyl alcohol is a clear liquid (or a colorless solid, depending on the ambient temperature) with a camphor-like odor. It is very soluble in water and miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether.
It is used as a solvent, as a denaturant for ethanol, as an ingredient in paint removers, as an octane booster for gasoline, as an oxygenate gasoline additive, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical commodities such as MTBE, ETBE, TBHP, other flavors and perfumes.
What Is It?
tert-Butyl alcohol is a clear liquid with a camphor-like odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, t-Butyl Alcohol is used in the formulation of perfumes, colognes, hair sprays, aftershave lotions, nail polish and shaving products.
Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a denaturant and a solvent
Scientific Facts:
tert- or t-Butyl Alcohol, a tertiary alcohol, is used as an alcohol denaturant for a number of cosmetic and noncosmetic uses. A tertiary alcohol means that the carbon that is bound to the hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to three other carbon atoms.
tert-Butyl alcohol (CAS No. 75-65-0) (t-BuOH) is a tertiary aliphatic alcohol
with the chemical formula.
Other names for t-BuOH include tertiary butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol,
tertiary butanol, tert-butanol, t-butanol, 2-methyl-2-propano1, and trimethyl
carbinoI.
tert-Butyl alcohol is available in the form of colorless, hygroscopic crystals with a
camphoraceous odor. The crystals become a clear liquid above 25.5OC. t-BuOH
is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and other organic Chemical.
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of perfume^. It is used as a solvent or an alcohol denaturant and as a perfume carrier in cosmetics.") Product types and the number of product formulations containing tert-Butyl alcohol are reported voluntarily to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Voluntary filing of this information by cosmetic manufacturers, packagers, and distributors conforms to the prescribed format of preset concentration ranges and product types as described in the Code of Federal regulation^.(^' Some cosmetic ingredients are supplied by the manufacturer at less than 100% concentration and, therefore, the value reported by the cosmetic formulator or manufacturer may not necessarily reflect the true concentration of the finished product; the actual concentration in such a case would be a fraction of that reported to FDA. The fact that data are only submitted within the framework of preset concentration ranges also provides the opportunity for overestimation of the actual concentration of an ingredient in a particular product. An entry at the lowest end of a concentration range is considered the same as one entered at the highest end of that range, thus introducing the possibility of a 2-10-fold error in the assumed ingredient concentration. In 1986,tert-Butyl alcohol was reported to be an ingredient in I0 hair and facial skin care preparations at concentrations ranging from 5 0.1 % to between 0.1 and I %.(I7) Cosmetic products containing t-Butyl Alcohol may be applied to, or come in contact with, skin, eyes, hair, nails, mucous membranes, and respiratory epit he1 ium." ') Product formulations containing tert-Butyl alcohol may be applied as many as several times a day and may remain in contact with the skin for variable periods following application. Daily or occasional use may extend over many years . (I ') t-Butyl Alcohol is stable under typical conditions of cosmetic use.
tert-Butyl alcohol is permitted as an indirect food additive.tert-Butyl alcohol may be used in formulating defoaming agents used in the preparation and application of coatings for paper and paperboard; these coatings may be safely used as components of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding foodtert-Butyl alcohol may be safely used in surface lubricants employed in the manufacture of metallic articles that contact food; it may be used in surface lubricants used in the rolling of metallic foil or sheet stock, provided that the total residual lubricant remaining on the metallic article in the form in which it contactsfood does not exceed 0.015 mg/square inch of metallic food-contact surface.
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in industrial synthesis, as a dehydrating agent, as a chemical intermediate and solvent in pharmaceutical manufacture, denaturant for ethanol and antiknock agent.
Molecular formula (CH3)3COH. Appearance Clear liquid.
Molecular weight 74.12. Odor Camphor-like odor.
Specific Gravity 0.780 g/mL @ 20°C. Odor Threshold N/A.
Vapor Density (air=1) 2.55. Solubility Completely soluble in water.
Melting Point 25.7°C. Evaporation rate 1.05 (Butyl acetate = 1).
Boiling Point/Range 82°C. Partition Coefficient N/A . (log POW).
Vapor Pressure (20°C) N/A. pH N/A.
Flash Point: 11°C (52°F) CC. LEL 2.4%.
Autoignition Temp.: 478°C (892°F). UEL 8.0%.
Chemical Properties
tert-butyl alcohol, (CH3)3COH, also known as tert-Butanol, is a white crystalline solid or colorless liquid (above 77 °F) with a camphor-like odor (IPCS, 1987a; NIOSH, 2005). It is soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents (IPCS, 1987a). It is highly flammable and easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Fire and explosion may result from contact with oxidizing agents, strong mineral acids, or strong hydrochloric acid (NIOSH,1992).
tert-Butyl alcohol has been used for a variety of other purposes, including as a dehydrating agent and solvent.tert-Butyl alcoholl is a polar organic solvent that is used in such large scale applications as the manufacture of flavors, perfumes, and paint removers. It is also utilized as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
tert-Butyl alcohol is a metabolite of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
tert-Butyl alcohol also is used to manufacture methyl methacrylate plastics and flotation devices. Cosmetic and food-related uses include the manufacture of flavors, and, because of its camphor-like aroma, it also is used to create artificial musk, fruit essences, and perfume (HSDB, 2007). It is used in coatings on metal and paperboard food containers (Cal/EPA, 1999) and industrial cleaning compounds, and can be used for chemical extraction in pharmaceutical applications (HSDB, 2007).
Physical properties
tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless liquid or crystals with a camphor-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,900 mg/m3 (957 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). In a later study, Nagata and Takeuchi (1990) reported an odor threshold concentration 220 ppbv.
Uses
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent (e.g., for paints, lacquers, and varnishes); as a denaturant for ethanol and several other alcohols; as an octane booster in gasoline; as a dehydrating agent; as a chemical intermediate in the manufacturing of methyl methacrylate; and in the manufacturing of flotation agents, fruit essences, and perfumes.
Uses
tert-Butyl alcohol is used in the production of tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl phenol, andisobutylene; in the preparation of artificial musk; and in denatured alcohols.
Uses
Plastics, lacquers, cellulose esters, fruit essences, perfumes, and chemical intermediates; additive to unleaded gasoline
Production Methods
tert-Butyl alcohol is produced as a by-product from the isobutane oxidation process for manufacturing propylene oxide. t-Butyl alcohol is also produced by the acidcatalyzed hydration of isobutylene, a process no longer used in the United States.
Definition
tert-Butyl alcohol is a tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from a hydride of an isobutane.
General Description
Colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor. Floats and mixes with water. Produces irritating vapor. Freezing point is 78°F.
Solvent in Sol-Gel precursor applications.tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent and an ethanol denaturant. It is an active ingredient paint remover. It acts as an intermediate in the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether and ethyl tertiary butyl ether by reaction with methanol and ethanol. It is also used in the preparation of tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, isobutylene and methyl methacrylate. It serves as a fuel additive as well as a gasoline octane booster.
Description
High-quality intermediate for the usage in applications like organic peroxides, antioxidants or pharmaceuticals. Our tert-Butyl alcohol is offered in different qualities (pure and azeotrope) which are constantly available and therefore are granting reliable supply.
What is tert-Butyl alcohol (CAS: 75-65-0)?
tert-Butyl alcohol or 2-methylpropan-2-ol or methylpropan-2-ol (CAS: 75-65-0) is a tertiary alcohol used as a solvent in general industry, particularly in paint removers, in fuels to increase the octane number and as an intermediate in the synthesis of many perfumes.
tert-Butyl alcohol is one of the isomers of butanol. At temperatures above 25°C, it is a clear liquid soluble in water and ethanol.
tert-Butyl alcohol can be obtained by hydration of isobutene in an acid medium. This process is reversible and isobutene can be recovered from tert-Butyl alcohol. Isobutene is treated at 0°C with a solution of sulphuric acid, between 50% and 80% concentration in water to create tert-butyl hydrogen sulphate. The resulting esters are hydrolysed to recover tert-Butyl alcohol.
The steric hindrance of the tert-butyl group makestert-Butyl alcoholl much less nucleophilic than other butanol isomers. Indeed, it is not oxidisable to a ketone because the central carbon is quaternary.
Uses:
It is used in paint remover
As denaturant in ethanol.
As an oxygenate gasoline additive
Antifreezing agents or de-icing products
General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
tert-Butyl alcohol is a tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from a hydride of an isobutane. Tert-butyl alcohol is a colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor. Floats and mixes with water. Produces irritating vapor. Freezing point is 78°F.
tert-Butyl Alcohol, Reagent, also known as 2-methyl-2-propanol, is a tertiary alcohol that is miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol. It is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant and paint remover ingredient. The Reagent grade denotes that this chemical is the highest quality commercially available and that the American Chemical Society has not officially set any specifications for this material. Spectrum Chemical manufactured Reagent grade products meet the toughest regulatory standards for quality and purity.
tert-Butyl alcohol, or 2-methyl-2-propanol (colorless liquid or white solid, depending on the ambient temperature), is the simplest tertiary alcohol. It is one of the four isomers of butanol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a clear liquid with a camphor-like odor. It is very soluble in water and miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether. It is unique among the isomers of butanol because it tends to be a solid at room temperature, with a melting point slightly above 25 °C.
tert-Butyl alcohol is a crystalline solid below 25°C and a colorless, volatile liquid with a camphorlike odor above 25°C. The odor threshold is 47 ppm.
USES
*General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
*Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products
*Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
*Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is
*Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
*Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats
*Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
*Roofing materials or roofing activities
*Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
*Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
*Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
*Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
*Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
*Catalyst, more information not known
*Chemical, laboratory Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory
*Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod
*General disinfectants/sanitizing agnets, disinfectants related to drugs (modified by 'drug'), and disinfectants used in drinking water, or animal feed (modified by 'drinking_water' and 'feed')
*Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
*Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc)
*Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known
*Conductive materials or agents (able to conduct something, typically heat or electricity)
*General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction); i.e.
*Fire prevention materials, or additives/coatings to prevent flammability in paints, textiles, plastic
*Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
*Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers)
*General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings
*Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
*Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specific modifiers included when known
*General fuels, fuel additives, motor/automotive fuels
*Heat transferring agents, unknown usage or application
*Leather products, and products/chemicals used in the process of tanning and dressing leather
*Related to the manufcturing of pulp or paper products, or paper products in general
*Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles (e.g.
*Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
IUPAC NO:
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl-propan-2-ol
2-methyl-propan-2-ol
2-Methylpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol tert-butyl alcohol
2-Propanol, 2-methyl-
2-Propanol, 2-methyl- (9CI)
t-butanol
t-Butanol
t-Butyl alcohol
TBA
TERT-BUTANOL
tert-Butanol
TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL
tert-Butyl alcohol
tert-butyl alcohol
Tert. Butanol
Tert.-Butanol
Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA)
tertiary butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and tert-Butanol
Other names:
t-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butanol
t-Butanol
t-BuOH
Trimethyl carbinol[1]
2-Methyl-2-propanol
2M2P
tert-Butyl alcohol
