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CAS NUMBER: 55566-30-8
MOLECULAR FORMULA: [(HOCH2)4P]2(SO4)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 406.28
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is a clear colorless viscous liquid.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula [P(CH2OH)4]Cl.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is four-coordinate, as is typical for phosphonium salts.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has applications as a precursor to fire-retardant materials, as well as a microbiocide in commercial and industrial water systems.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be synthesized with high yield by treating phosphine with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is manufactured in a batch process that involves the chemical reaction of phosphine gas with aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate exists in equilibrium with ris(hydroxmethyl)phosphine and methylene glycol.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is a broad-spectrum bactericide and fungicide that is used in a variety of in-can and process-water applications.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is also effective in controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria and general aerobic bacteria, including microorganisms that contribute to biofilm formation in oil-field recovery, processing, and distribution applications and supporting systems.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is characterized by its low solidity point and fine stability.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be reserved for long time and can easily dissolve in water.
In 1995, the EPA of the United States ratified it with zero toxicity and awarded it with US Green Chemical prize.
Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate is a colorless-to-yellow liquid that is primarily used as a biocide for gas and oil-field applications as well as for water treatment.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate offers a broadspectrum activity and is highly effective against the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) found in various oil & gas operations.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is widely used as a flame retardant in the textile industry and a tanning agent in the leather industry.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is also used in the hydraulic fracturing process, where Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is preferred due to its biodegradability and high-temperature performance.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is inherently biodegradable (not readily biodegradable).
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is not expected to bioaccumulate, and it has a low to moderate potential to adsorb to soil and sediment.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has a high acute toxicity concern to aquatic organisms.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is highly soluble in water.
Volatilisation from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7 x 10-18 Pa m3 /mol.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is also not expected to volatilise from dry soil surfaces based upon Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfates vapor pressure.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound contains functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9).
The hydrolysis of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is pH-dependent: half-lives at 25oC were 131, 7, and 7 days at pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is inherently biodegradable.
In an aquatic aerobic degradation system, radiolabelled Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate was metabolised with 60% of applied radioactivity appearing as CO2 within 7 days.
Thus, Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate does not meet the screening criteria for persistence.
These products offer excellent control of biofilm, MIC, souring, iron sulfide, and schmoo.
These ready to use biocides combine both THPS and biopenetrant to give superior microbial control.
Applications include water-floods, pipelines, drilling muds, completion fluids, well remediation, fracturing, industrial water treatment and more.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has become the most widely used biocide in oilfields, where sulfate-reducing bacteria create major problems.
Another major reason for its use is that Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is suitable for downhole applications (well drilling process).
The treatment of oil wells with THPS has resulted in increased oil production due to the dissolution of iron sulfide after the use of THPS.
However, Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is the biocidal function of THPS, which is encouraging its increasing use in the oil & gas industry.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is also used on a larger scale in the leather industry, as Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate increases the strength properties for chrome in the tanning of hides (a process in which rawhides or skins are converted into leather).
In the Asia Pacific region, China is the fifth-largest importer of leather and leather products in the world.
To satisfy the increasing demand for energy, oil & gas, and petrochemicals, and to encourage regional economic growth, the developing countries in the Asia Pacific region are keen on boosting the productivity of new and established oil & gas reserves within its territories.
Further, the high rate of urbanization is projected to generate huge demand for leather, textile, and oil & gas, leading to the growth of the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) market in the region.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfates are used to produce crease-resistant flame-retardant finishes on cotton textiles and cellulosic fabrics.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate and THPA/P can be cured on the fabric with amine compounds to form durable, cross-linked flame-retardant resin finish es.
Recently, Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has largely replaced THPC in commercial use; THPA/P has never been a major commercial product.
Many co-reactants have been used to form flame-retardant finishes with these compounds.
One of the most popular processes has been the tetrakis(hydroxyethyl) phosphonium hydroxide-ammonIa finish, in which llPS is converted to a free organic base and th en cured on the fabric by reaction with ammonia gas.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate, commonly referred to as Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, is used in oilfield application worldwide as a biocide.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has been reported to have compatibility concerns with oxygen scavengers, in particular bisulfite (i.e. sodium or ammonium) in these applications.
The literature has pointed at concerns that the interaction is so severe that when THPS and bisulfite are allowed to react they will generate molecular oxygen.
Upon literature review no mechanistic theory has been proposed to support this view, however several attempts to support the theory via electrochemical oxidation of the phosphorus from a +3 to +5 and the subsequent reduction of the sulfur have been proposed.
Further support is attempted by calculating the Gibbs free energy; a negative value would indicate a spontaneous reaction.
If this were the case, THPS and/or bisulfite residuals would be at lower levels at the end of the reaction.
Monitoring residuals of both THPS and bisulfite could help give further insight into this interaction.
In this paper the reaction of THPS and bisulfite will be explored in more detail to help highlight gaps in current knowledge and to better understand the implication of applying biocide and oxygen scavenger simultaneously.
The interaction will be explored by testing the impact of bisulfite on Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate in microbiological kill studies and the Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate impact on bisulfite in oxygen performance studies.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is mainly used as a biocide, a flame retardant, and the like.
The main advantage is that Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate chemical is rapidly degraded into completely harmless substances after use, and thus is widely used in water treatment, oil field, papermaking, and other industries, greatly reducing the environmental impact of such industries.
Another tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), can also be used for pure cotton, polyester/cotton fabrics.
Application of oil and gas fields.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is very effective for general oil field bacteria, maintains activity downhole, and can recirculate with the production fluid.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate does not foam, biodegrades, does not bioaccumulate, and is very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate is mainly used in water treatment, oil field pipelines, fish farming, etc. as a bactericidal algaecide.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be quickly degraded into completely harmless substances after use.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is also used in fabric flame retardant treatment, leather softening and papermaking industries.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate application industry.
Petroleum sterilization and scale inhibition; leather flame retardant; aquaculture bottom modified quarter salt; paper wood preservatives and other fields.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is a kind of environmental anti-microbial reagent.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate's characterized by its low solidity point and fine stability.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be reserved for long time and can easily dissolve in water.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate's a kind of new environmental pesticide with high efficacy, low toxicity and low rudimental.
In 1995, the EPA of the United States ratified it with zero toxicity and awarded it with US Green Chemical prize.
Mainly used in water treatment systems, oil field operations, and paper-making industry.
The advantage is Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate will soon degrade to a nontoxic substance immediately after use.
Also Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be applied to fabric coating as flame retardant, obviously improving flame retarding property.
Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Sulfate is a clear straw colored liquid that is between 75-77% pure.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is primarily used as a flame retardant additive and can also be used as a fungicide.
Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Sulfate is recommended for use in cotton, leather, and polyester products.
- Manufacturing, apparel General term which includes clothes, shoes, backpacks/purses/luggage, jewelry, pet apparel, etc.; more specific terms (e.g. clothing, footwear, handwear) included as modifiers when known
- Manufacturing, chemical: General term used only when the only information known from the source is 'chemical,' typically related to manufacturing of chemicals, or laboratory chemicals
- Manufacturing, leather: Leather products, and products/chemicals used in the process of tanning and dressing leather
- Manufacturing, leather, apparel, bags: Sub-category of apparel, including backpacks, purses, and luggage
- Manufacturing, paint: Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known
- Manufacturing, paper: Related to the manufcturing of pulp or paper products, or paper products in general
- Manufacturing, textile: Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles
- Mining: Related to the mining industry, mining for coal, metals, etc
- Pesticide: Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests
- Pesticide, active_ingredient: Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with 'pesticide')
- Pesticide, antimicrobial : Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing
- Pesticide, antimicrobial, active_ingredient: Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with 'pesticide')
- Pesticide, bactericide: Type of pesticide that kills bacteria
- Pesticide, biocide, active_ingredient: Active ingredients in a product (often active ingredients in pesticide, if so also tagged with 'pesticide')
- Pesticide, biocide, non_agricultural: Pesticide for non agricultural use
- Pesticide, growth_inhibitor: Growth inhibitor, unknown usage or application
- Pesticide, preservatives: Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
- Pesticide, slimicide: Type of pesticide to prevent the growth of slime
- Preservatives: Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
- Process_regulator: Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
- Resource_extraction, gas: Related to fracking, natural gas, industrial gases
- Resource_extraction, oil: Crude oil, crude petroleum, refined oil products, fuel oils, drilling oils
- Surface_treatment: Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
- Water treatment: Includes water softeners, lime removers, and the products used in the process of the collection, purification, and distribution of water
- Both oil base and water base fracturing fluids are being used in the fracturing industry.
Water base, which includes alcohol-water mixtures and low strength acids, make up the majority of treating fluids.
The common chemicals added to these fluids are polymers for viscosity development, crosslinkers for viscosity enhancement, pH control chemicals, gel breakers for polymer degradation following the treatment, surfactants, clay stabilizers, alcohol, bactericides, fluid loss additives and friction reducer.
USES:
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, which is derived from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, is an intermediate in the preparation of the water-soluble ligand 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA).
This conversion is achieved by treating hexamethylenetetramine with formaldehyde and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can also be used to synthesize the heterocycle, N-boc-3-pyrroline by ring-closing metathesis using Grubbs' catalyst (bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidineruthenium dichloride).
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is treated with Grubbs' catalyst, followed by tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine.
The carbon-carbon double bonds undergo ring closure, releasing ethene gas, resulting in N-boc-3-pyrroline.
The hydroxymethyl groups on Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate undergo replacement reactions when Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is treated with α,β-unsaturated nitrile, acid, amide, and epoxides.
For example, base induces condensation between Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate and acrylamide with displacement of the hydroxymethyl groups.
Similar reactions occur when Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is treated with acrylic acid; only one hydroxymethyl group is displaced, however.
-Oil field and petrochemical operations - for use in fluids for drilling and stimulation of oil and gas wells, injection water, water holding tanks, disposal-well water, recirculating-water handling systems, and pipelines.
-Heat-transfer systems and industrial and commercial cooling and wastewater systems - for control of microbial growth in the holding and processing tanks of industrial fresh-water systems and in water for pulp and paper mills, textile mills, and other manufacturing facilities.
-Air-washer systems - for control of bacteria and fungi in air-washer systems that have misteliminating components.
-Paper and paperboard manufacturing - for use as a slimicide in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products and adhesives that do not come into contact with food.
-Coatings, pigments, and filler slurries - for use as a preservative to retard microbial growth in nonfood-contact, water-based coatings, starches, pigments, and filler slurries.
-Emulsion and solution preservation - for the preservation of solutions, emulsions, adhesives, and other aqueous liquid products that do not come into contact with food.
INDUSTRIAL USES:
-Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents.
-Flame retardants Processing aids, specific to petroleum production.
-Mainly used in water treatment systems, oil field operations, and paper-making industry.
-The advantage is Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate will soon degrade to a nontoxic substance immediately after use.
-Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can be applied to fabric coating as flame retardant, obviously improving flame retarding property.
APPLICATION:
This reaction proceeds rapidly, forming insoluble high molecular weight polymers.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is applied to the fabrics in a "pad-dry process."
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is then treated with ammonia and ammonia hydroxide to produce fibers that are flame-retardant.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate can condense with many other types of monomers in addition to urea.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfates include amines, phenols, and polybasic acids and anhydrides.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate has industrial importance in the production of crease-resistant and flame-retardant finishes on cotton textiles and other cellulosic fabrics.
A flame-retardant finish can be prepared from Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate by the Proban Process, in which THPC is treated with urea.
The urea condenses with the hydroxymethyl groups on THPC.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is converted to phosphine oxide as the result of this reaction.
PROPERTIES:
-Quality Level: 100
-grade: technical
-concentration: 70-75% in H2O (T)
-impurities: formaldehyde
-SMILES string: [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO
-InChI: 1S/2C4H12O4P.H2O4S/c2*5-1-9(2-6,3-7)4-8;1-5(2,3)4/h2*5-8H,1-4H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
-InChI key: YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
-Clear colorless viscous liquid.
-Color: Crystalline solid.
-Boiling Point: 232° F at 760 mm Hg.
-Melting Point: -31° F (NTP, 1992).
-Vapor Pressure: 32 mm Hg at 124° F ; 150.5 mm Hg at 163° F (NTP, 1992).
-Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64° F
SPECIFICATIONS:
-Color: Colorless
-UN Number: 2922
-Quantity: 25g
-Formula Weight: 406.28
-Physical Form: Clear Liquid at 20°C
-Chemical Name or Material: Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium Sulfate (ca. 70-80% in Water)
DECOMPOSITION:
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /phosphorous oxides & sulfur oxides/.
Decomposition products depend upon temperature, air supply, and the presence of other materials.
These decomposition products can include and are not
limited to phosphines, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides.
MANUFACTURING:
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is manufactured in a batch process that involves the chemical reaction of phosphine gas with aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate exists in equilibrium with tris (hydroxymethyl)phosphine and methylene glycol.
Under manufacturing and shipping conditions, the equilibrium strongly favors the formation the formation of THPS.
STORAGE:
Store at room temperature.
SYNONYM:
THPS
Bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate solution
UNII-5I8RSL9E6S
TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM SULFATE
5I8RSL9E6S
tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;sulfate
Phosphonium, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-, sulfate (2:1)
bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate
Retardol S
Pyroset TKO
CCRIS 316
HSDB 4215
NCI-C55050
EINECS 259-709-0
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulphate(2:1)
Octakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate
Bis(tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium)sulfate (salt)
tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate
DSSTox_CID_1331
EC 259-709-0
ACMC-1B11Z
DSSTox_RID_76086
DSSTox_GSID_21331
SCHEMBL195676
CHEMBL1549844
IUPAC NAMES:
bis(tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium) sulfate
bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate
bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulphate
PHOSPHONIUM, TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-, SULFATE (2:1) (SALT)
TETRAKIS (HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM SULFATE
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate
tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;sulfate
