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Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a hygroscopic colourless solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a major industrial chemical, being used widely as a chemical reagent and also as a low-residue bactericide in such processes as hydrofracking.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) has fewer synthetic chemical applications than quaternary ammonium salts containing longer N-alkyl substituents, which are used extensively as phase-transfer catalysts.
CAS Number: 75-57-0
Molecular Formula: C4H12ClN
Molecular Weight: 109.6
EINECS Number: 200-880-8
Synonyms: TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 75-57-0, Tetramethyl ammonium chloride, Tetramine chloride, USAF AN-8, N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride, Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, 9050-97-9, Ammonium, tetramethyl-, chloride, tetramethylazanium chloride, EINECS 200-880-8, UNII-DCQ9S88703, DTXSID6021749, AI3-19012, HSDB 7987, DCQ9S88703, Amberlite? IRA-900, tetramethylammoniumchloride, CHEBI:7070, DTXCID301749, TMAC 100, AMBERLITE(R) IRA-900, EC 200-880-8, Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1), MFCD00011628, Me4NCl, Tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACL), (Me)4NCl, tetramethylamonium chloride, tetramethylammonium,chloride, AMBERLITE IRA-900, tetra-methylammonium chloride, tetramethyl-ammonium chloride, SCHEMBL35736, Ammonium, tetramethyl, chloride, CHEMBL1209651, Ammonium-, tetramethyl-, chloride, N,N,NTrimethylmethanamium chloride, BCP24457, STR05669, N,N,NTrimethylmethanaminium chloride, Tox21_200660, AKOS015833138, N, N, N-Trimethylmethanamium chloride, CS-W013670, CAS-75-57-0, Methanaminium, N,N,Ntrimethyl, chloride, N, N, N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride, NCGC00258214-01, DA-18304, TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [INCI], DB-050419, NS00077227, T0136, D77756, EN300-219151, Amberlite(R) IRA-900 chloride form, chloride form, J-524887, Q2667590, Amberlite(R) IRA-900 chloride form, chloride form, strongly basic, 20-50 mesh, N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium Chloride, TMAC 100, Tetramine, Tetramine Chloride, Ammonium, tetramethyl-, chloride,Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride,TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDETETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDETETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDETETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE,Methanaminium,N,N,N-trimethyl-,chloride,n,n,n-trimethyl-methanaminiuchloride,tetramethyl-ammoniuchloride,tetraminechloride,USAF AN-8
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a quaternary ammonium salt commonly used as a catalyst due to its thermal stability and also tolerance towards strong aqueous bases or nucleophiles.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is one of the simplest quaternary ammonium salts, with four methyl groups tetrahedrally attached to the central N.
The chemical formula (CH3)4N+Cl− is often abbreviated further as Me4N+Cl−.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is the phase transfer catalyst in organic synthesis phase with its catalytic activity being stronger than triphenylphosphine and triethylamine.
At room temperature, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a white crystalline powder, and is volatile, irritant, and easy to absorb moisture.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is easily soluble in methanol, soluble in water and hot ethanol but insoluble in ether and chloroform.
Being heated to above 230 °C causes its decomposition into Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) and methyl chloride.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is also used for the synthesis of liquid crystal epoxy compound, and Pope and polarographic analysis, as well as electronic industry.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) binds AT-rich DNA polymers while concomitantly abolishing the preferential melting of AT versus GC base pairs.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in 18 megohm water.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula C4H12ClN.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) consists of a central nitrogen atom bonded to four methyl groups and a chloride ion.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is commonly used in various industrial, laboratory, and chemical applications due to its unique properties.
Used as a phase-transfer catalyst in organic synthesis, facilitating the transfer of a reactant from one phase to another, often from an organic phase to an aqueous phase.
Functions as a surfactant in detergents and cleaning products, enhancing the emulsification and solubilization of oils and greases.
Employed in the production of ion-exchange resins and other polymeric materials, where it can help modify the surface properties.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) utilized in analytical methods such as chromatography and spectroscopy, where it can aid in the separation and identification of compounds.
In some research settings, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is used to enhance the solubility of biomolecules or as a reagent in biochemical assays.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact, and proper safety measures, including the use of gloves and goggles, should be taken when handling it.
While it is considered to have low acute toxicity, chronic exposure may pose health risks.
Therefore, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) should be handled in a well-ventilated area, and exposure should be minimized.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can have environmental implications, particularly regarding aquatic life, and should be disposed of according to local regulations.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) facilitates the movement of ions or molecules between immiscible phases, such as organic and aqueous solutions.
It helps in enhancing reaction rates and yields in organic reactions where reactants are present in different phases.
In the synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can help transfer anionic species from the aqueous phase to the organic phase.
Due to its amphiphilic nature, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can reduce surface tension, aiding in the cleaning process.
It allows for the emulsification of oils and dirt in water-based solutions.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is sometimes used in formulations for shampoos and conditioners, where it acts as a conditioning agent.
In biochemical applications, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can enhance the solubility of proteins and nucleic acids in aqueous solutions, which is useful in various laboratory procedures.
In cell biology, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be used to permeabilize cell membranes, allowing for the introduction of drugs or other substances into cells.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be used in the preparation of ion-exchange materials.
Its quaternary ammonium structure allows it to function effectively in ion-exchange applications, particularly for removing contaminants from water.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be added to polymers to modify properties such as adhesion, solubility, and dispersion.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) may be employed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile phase modifier or in stationary phase development.
It can also be utilized in spectroscopic techniques to improve signal intensity or resolution.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is classified as having low acute toxicity, but ingestion or prolonged exposure can lead to irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Continuous exposure in industrial settings should be minimized, as long-term effects are not well-documented but may pose risks to health.
Like many quaternary ammonium compounds, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be toxic to aquatic organisms.
Therefore, it should be handled and disposed of properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Research on the biodegradability of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is ongoing, and while some studies suggest it can break down in the environment, its persistence may vary depending on conditions.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is subject to chemical regulations in various countries.
Manufacturers and users must comply with regulations regarding handling, labeling, and waste disposal to ensure safety.
Melting point: >300 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 165.26°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1,17 g/cm3
refractive index: 1.5320 (estimate)
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Hygroscopic Crystalline Powder
color: White to ivory
Specific Gravity: 1.169
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 6 - 8
PH: 6-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: >60 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
BRN: 2496575
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is a kind of organic base, and has a broad range of application in the field of both industry and scientific research.
In our own country, it is mainly used as the catalyst in the synthesis of organic silicon products, such as synthetic silicone oil, silicone rubber, and silicone resin.
Although it has a low usage amount, but it can significantly affect both the yield and quality of the product.
In abroad, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is mainly used for polyester-based polymers, textiles, plastics, food, leather, wood processing, electroplating, and some kinds of microorganisms.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) has entered the advanced technology areas.
For example, in the field of manufacturing industry of electronic circuit and microscopic sheets production, it can be used as the cleaning agent of integrated circuit board as well as the anisotropic corrosive agents of the Si-SiO2 interface in semiconductor microfabrication technique.
With the development of science and technology, the requirements of this type of chemicals are also increasing, posing higher requirements for both the quality and the quantity of the tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
The basic principle of using electrolytic method for preparation of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is that the aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium chloride in the anode compartment of the electrolytic bath, under the action of the electric force, has its chloride ions migrate to the direction of anode until discharge of anode occurs to generate chlorine.
Meanwhile, because of the selective permeability of the ion-exchange membrane, chloride can’t penetrate through the ion-exchange membrane through diffusion.
Instead, only Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) ions can selectively penetrate into the cathode compartment through, and be enriched over there.
The water molecule in the electrolyzer cathode chamber is decomposed into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
The latter one exactly binds to the tetramethylammonium ions migrated from the anode chamber to generate Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC).
With the increase of electricity, tetramethylammonium hydroxide concentration continues to improve, finally achieving the desired final concentration of crude.
The hydrogen generated during electrolysis is vented with the resulting chlorine absorbed by alkaline solution to generate sodium hypochlorite which is major raw materials for producing bleach.
Therefore, this method of producing tetramethylammonium hydroxide is simple with high purity and causing no environmental pollution.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is efficiently produced by the reaction of trimethylamine and methyl chloride.
N(CH3)3 + CH3Cl → N(CH3)4+Cl−
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is produced by the alkylation of ammonium chloride with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst.
Except under extraordinary conditions, it is typically employed as a source of the inert counter cation Me4N+.
Similarly, it serves as a lipophilic precipitating agent.
In low concentrations, it is used in polymerase chain reactions to increase yields and specificity.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) has been shown to enhance yields 5–10 fold at 60mM by stabilizing the AT base pairs.
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Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is helpful in creating materials that are sensitive to humidity.
These materials include polymers and electronic devices.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is able to absorb moisture, which is why it is useful in this context.
Absorbing moisture keeps materials stable, strong, and effective for a long time.
Furthermore, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) plays a crucial role in the field of analytical chemistry.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) dissolves easily and leaves little behind, so it’s great for cleaning or testing in different ways.
From chromatography to spectrophotometry, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) aids in accurate and reliable analysis, providing researchers with valuable insights and data.
Uses Of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC):
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be used as polarographic analysis reagents which is widely used in the electronics industry.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is the phase transfer catalyst in organic synthesis with its catalytic activity being stronger than triphenylphosphine and triethylamine.
At room temperature, it is a white crystalline powder, and is volatile, irritant, and easy to absorb moisture.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is easily soluble in methanol, soluble in water and hot ethanol but insoluble in ether and chloroform.
Being heated to above 230 °C causes its decomposition into trimethylamine and methyl chloride. Median lethal dose (mice, intraperitoneal) is around 25mg/kg.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is also used for the synthesis of liquid crystal epoxy compound, and Pope and polarographic analysis, as well as electronic industry.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) along with N-hydroxyphthalimide and xanthone may be used as an efficient chloride catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons to form the corresponding oxygenated compounds.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) may also be used as a phase transfer catalyst for the synthesis of aryl fluorides via selective chloride/fluoride exchange reaction of activated aryl chlorides with potassium fluoride in solid-liquid phase.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) may be used in ion-exchange procedures to show the increase of pH in understanding the chemical behaviour of catalyst [CTA]Si-MCM-41 using Knoevenagel condensation model.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is used in the following products: polymers.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is used in the following products: non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products and polymers.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is widely used as a phase-transfer catalyst, facilitating the transfer of reactants between immiscible phases (e.g., organic and aqueous phases) during chemical reactions.
This enhances reaction rates and yields in various organic syntheses, such as alkylation and acylation reactions.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) serves as a surfactant in detergents and cleaning formulations.
It helps emulsify oils and greases, improving cleaning efficiency.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is utilized in shampoos, conditioners, and lotions to improve texture and enhance the solubilization of active ingredients.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is used in the preparation of ion-exchange resins, which are critical in water purification processes and in various industrial applications for separating ions from solutions.
In biochemical research, Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can enhance the solubility of proteins and nucleic acids, facilitating various laboratory procedures, including chromatography and electrophoresis.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be employed in methods that require the permeabilization of cell membranes, allowing for the introduction of drugs or other molecules into cells.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be used as a mobile phase modifier in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to improve separation efficiency and retention times of analytes.
It may also assist in sample preparation or ionization processes in mass spectrometry applications.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be incorporated into polymers to enhance properties such as adhesion, dispersibility, and compatibility with other substances.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can help stabilize colloidal systems by reducing surface tension and preventing aggregation.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is often used in academic and industrial research settings for various applications, including material science, chemical engineering, and biochemistry, due to its effectiveness as a reagent and catalyst.
Safety Profile Of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC):
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, NH3, and Cl-.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can cause respiratory irritation if inhaled.
Symptoms may include coughing, difficulty breathing, or throat irritation.
Prolonged exposure can lead to skin irritation or dermatitis.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is advisable to avoid direct contact with the skin.
Contact with eyes can cause irritation, redness, and discomfort.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) may lead to serious eye damage with prolonged exposure.
There is limited data on the chronic effects of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC).
However, repeated or prolonged exposure may cause sensitization or irritation, affecting the skin, eyes, or respiratory system.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is classified as having low acute toxicity, but caution should be exercised due to potential health effects from exposure.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) can be toxic to aquatic organisms. Care should be taken to prevent environmental contamination, particularly in water bodies, where it may harm fish and other aquatic life.
There is ongoing research regarding the biodegradability of Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC).
While some studies suggest it may break down in the environment, its persistence can vary based on specific conditions.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMAC) is subject to environmental regulations in various jurisdictions.
Disposal should adhere to local environmental regulations to minimize impact.
