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Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is the simplest thiuram disulfide and the oxidized dimer of dimethyldithiocarbamate.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops and similarly as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is effective against Stem gall of coriander, damping off, smut of millet, neck rot of onion, etc.
CAS: 137-26-8
MF: C6H12N2S4
MW: 240.43
EINECS: 205-286-2
Synonyms
1,1’-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthio-formamid;1,1’-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthioformamide);Aapirol;Accel TMT;Accelerator T;Accelerator Thiuram;acceleratort;acceleratorthiuram;thiram;Tetramethylthiuram disulfide;137-26-8;Thiuram;Rezifilm;TMTD;Pomarsol;Thirame;Arasan;Fernasan;Nobecutan;Thioscabin;Thirasan;Aapirol;Tersan;Tetrathiuram disulfide;Tetramethylthiuram;Falitiram;Formalsol;Hexathir;Kregasan;Mercuram;Normersan;Sadoplon;Spotrete;Tetrasipton;Thillate;Thiramad;Aatiram;Atiram;Fermide;Fernide;Hermal;Pomasol;Puralin;Thiosan;Thiotox;Thiulin;Thiulix;Heryl;Pomarsol forte;Methyl tuads;Accelerator T;Methyl Thiram;Fernasan A;Tetramethylthiouram disulfide;Tetramethylthiuram disulphide;Nocceler TT;Arasan-M;Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide;Thiram B;Arasan-SF;Cyuram DS;Ekagom TB;Hermat TMT;Tetramethylenethiuram disulfide;Accel TMT;Accelerator thiuram;Aceto TETD;Radothiram;Royal TMTD;Tetramethyl-thiram disulfid;Fernacol;Sadoplon 75;Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide;Tetrapom;Thioknock;Thirampa;Thiramum;Anles;Arasan-SF-X;Aules;Thimer;Panoram 75;Tetramethylthiurane disulfide;Arasan 70;Arasan 75;Tersan 75;Thiram 75;Thiram 80;Spotrete-F;TMTDS;Arasan 70-S Red;Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide;Methylthiuram disulfide;N,N-Tetramethylthiuram disulfide;Metiurac;Micropearls;Nomersan;Thianosan;Cunitex;Delsan;Thimar;Teramethylthiuram disulfide;Tersantetramethyldiurane sulfide;Pol-Thiuram;Arasan 42-S;Tetramethylthiurum disulfide;Disulfure de tetramethylthiourame;Tetrathiuram disulphide;Sranan-sf-X;Hy-Vic;SQ 1489;Chipco thiram 75;Bis(dimethyl-thiocarbamoyl)-disulfid;Orac TMTD;Tetramethylthioramdisulfide;Tetramethyldiurane sulphite;Thiotox (fungicide);Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl);Bis((dimethylamino)carbonothioyl) disulfide;Fermide 850;Tetramethyl thiuramdisulfide;Tetramethylthiocarbamoyldisulphide;Thiuramyl;Thylate;Methyl thiuramdisulfide;Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide;Tetramethyl thiurane disulfide;Bis(dimethyl thiocarbamoyl)disulfide;Thirame [INN-French];Thiramum [INN-Latin];Thiuram D;Disolfuro di tetrametiltiourame;Tetramethyl thiurane disulphide;Tetramethylenethiuram disulphide;N,N'-(Dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis(N-methylmethanamine);RCRA waste number U244;Flo Pro T Seed Protectant;Tetramethylthiuram bisulphide
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also used as a sulfur source and secondary accelerator the sulfur vulcanization of rubbers.
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is a rubber chemieal, an accelerator of vulcanization.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide represents the most commonly positive allergen contained in the "thiuram mix".
The most frequent occupational categories are the metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, building industries, and shoemakers.
An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.
A liquid solution of a white crystalline solid.
Primary hazard is to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as a fungicide, bacteriostat and pesticide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also used in the
processing of rubber and in the blending of lubricant oils.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can be found in products
such as seed disinfectants, antiseptic sprays, animal repellents, insecticides, wood
preservatives, some soaps, rodent repellents and as a nut, fruit and mushroom
disinfectant.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this
chemical.
Thiram appears as a liquid solution of a white crystalline solid.
Primary hazard is to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiseptic drug and an antifungal agrochemical.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide contains a dimethyldithiocarbamate.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is functionally related to a dimethyldithiocarbamic acid.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide may be used in dermatology as a scabicide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is mainly used as a fungicide for plants and treatment for seeds, however, this use is being investigated for safety in many markets including Canada.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 156-158 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 129 °C (20 mmHg)
Density: 1.43
Vapor pressure: 8 x 10-6 mmHg at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997)
Refractive index: 1.5500 (estimate)
Fp: 89°C
Storage temp.: under inert gas (argon)
Solubility: 0.0184g/l
Form: solid
pka: 0.87±0.50(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 16.5 mg/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,9371
BRN: 1725821
Exposure limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, IDLH 100 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 5 mg/m3.
InChIKey: KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.730
CAS DataBase Reference: 137-26-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide(137-26-8)
IARC: 3 (Vol. Sup 7, 53) 1991
EPA Substance Registry System: Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (137-26-8)
Pure colorless crystal; no smell; m.p.155~156°C; relative density 1.29; easily soluble in benzene, chloroform (230g/L), acetone (80g/L), carbon disulfide and other organic solvents; slightly soluble in ether and ethanol (<10g/L); insoluble in water (30mg/L); decomposing under acid condition; industrial products are white or light yellow powder, with a m.p. of more than 146℃.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is a colorless to yellow, crystalline solid.
Characteristic odor.
Commercial pesticide products may be dyed blue.
Colorless to white to cream-colored crystals.
May darken on exposure to air or light.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is a type of sulfur fungicide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide has been found to dissolve completely in chloroform, acetone, and ether.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water-dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is nearly immobile in clay soils or in soils of high organic matter.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is not expected to contaminate groundwater because of its in-soil half life of 15 days, in addition to its tendency to adhere to soil particles.
As a waste, thiram carries an EPA U244 code.
Uses
1. Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide belongs to protective fungicides of broad spectrum, with a residual effect period of up to 7d or so.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is mainly used for dealing with seeds and soil and preventing powdery mildew, smut and rice seedlings damping-off of cereal crops.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can also be used for some fruit trees and vegetable diseases.
For example, dressing seed with 500g of 50% wettable powder can control rice blast, rice leaf spot, barley and wheat smut.
2. As pesticides, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is often referred to as thiram and is mainly used for the treatment of seeds and soil and the prevention and controlling of cereal powdery mildew, smut and vegetable diseases.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide, as the super accelerator of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex, is often referred to as accelerator TMTD and is the representative of thiuram vulcanization accelerator, accounting for 85% of the total amount of similar products.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also the super accelerator of natural rubber, diene synthetic rubber, Ⅱ, R and EPDM, with the highest utilization rate of all.
The vulcanization promoting force of accelerator T is very strong, but, without the presence of zinc oxide, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is not vulcanized at all.
3. Used for the manufacture of cables, wires, tires and other rubber products.
4. Used as the super accelerator of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex.
5. Used as the late effect promoter of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and polyisoprene rubber.
6. Used for the pest control of rice, wheat, tobacco, sugar beet, grapes and other crops, as well as for the seed dressing and soil treatment.
7. Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is suitable for the manufacture of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex, and can also be used as curing agent.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is the second accelerator of thiazole accelerators, which can be used with other accelerators as the continuous vulcanization accelerator.
8. In rubber industry, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can be used as the super-vulcanization accelerator, and aften used with thiazole accelerator.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can also be used in combination with other accelerators as the continuous rubber accelerator.
For slowly decomposing out of free sulfur at more than 100 ℃, it can be used as curing agent too.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide's products have excellent resistance to aging and heat, so it is applicable to natural rubber, synthetic rubber and is mainly used in the manufacture of tires, tubes, shoes, cables and other industrial products.
In agriculture, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can be used as fungicide and insecticide, and it can also be used as lubricant additives.
9. Production methods from dimethylamine, carbon disulfide, ammonia condensation reaction was dimethyl dithiocarbamate, and then by the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide to the finished product.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is a protective fungicide applied to foliage to control Botrytis spp. on grapes, soft fruit, lettuce, vegetables and ornamentals.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide also controls rust on ornamentals, scab and storage diseases on apple and pear and leaf curl and Monilia on stone fruit.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used in seed treatments alone or in combination with added insecticides or fungicides to control damping off diseases such as Pythium spp., and other diseases like Fusarium spp. of maize, cotton, cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as fungicide; bacteriostat; pesticide; rubber vulcanization accelerator; scabicide; seed disinfectant; animal repellent; insecticide; lube-oil additive; wood preservative; in antiseptic sprays; in the blending of lubrieant oils; used against Botrytis, rusts and downy mildews; seed dressing against "damping off' and verticillium wilt; ethanol antagonist and deterrent in mixtures of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl derivatives; antioxidant in polyolefin plastics; peptizing agent in polysulphide elastomers; in soaps and rodent repellents; nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is an ectoparasiticide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used in agriculture to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide has other applications ranging from use as a topical bactericide to animal repellent.
Rubber accelerator; vulcanizer; seed disinfectant; fungicide; bacteriostat in soap; animal repellent.
Agricultural Uses
Fungicide, Rodenticide: Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damage in the field and to prevent crops from deterioration in storage or transport.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also used as a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal diseases.
In addition, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer and as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also used as a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils.
Registered for use in EU countries.
Production method
The preparation of sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate(SDD): the reaction of dimethylamine hydrochloride and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydroxide can generate sodium dimethylamino dithiocarbamate.
The reaction temperature is 50~55℃ and the pH value is 8~9.
The preparation of thiram: the reaction of SDD (or Diram) and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid can produce thiram.
The reaction temperature is controlled at 10 ℃ below and the end pH value is 3 to 4.
Chlorine can also be used instead of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid.
The reaction is performed in the sieve tray tower, from the bottom of which the diluted chlorine is introduced and from the top of which 5% sodium solution is sprayed, which is called chlorine-air oxidation method.
There are also other methods, such as sodium nitrite oxidation or electrolytic oxidation.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation.
Liquid irritates eyes and skin and may cause allergic eczema in sensitive individuals.
Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, all of which may be persistent; paralysis may develop.
TMTD is incompatible with oxidizing materials and strong acids.
Also incompatible with strong alkalis and nitrating agents.
Toxicity
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is moderately toxic by ingestion, but it is highly toxic if inhaled.
Acute exposure in humans may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal complaints.
Chronic or repeated exposure may cause sensitive skin, and Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide may have effects on the thyroid or liver.
Contact allergens
This rubber chemical, accelerator of vulcanization, represents the most commonly positive allergen contained in “thiuram mix.”
The most frequent occupational categories are the metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, the building industry, and shoemakers.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is also widely used as a fungicide, belonging to the dithiocarbamate group of carrots, bulbs, and woods, and as an insecticide.
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is the agricultural name for thiuram.
