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Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii), also called Tetrasodium pyrophosphate or TSPP is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) has been shown to be useful in the preparation of an EDTA-sodium pyrophosphate extraction buffer for microcystin analysis of soil samples.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is an odorless, white powder or granules.
CAS Number: 7722-88-5
Molecular Formula: Na4O7P2
Molecular Weight: 265.902402
EINECS Number: 231-767-1
Synonyms: pyrophosphatedesodium, pyrophosphatetetrasodique, Sodiumpyrophosphate, anhydrous, etranatriumpyrophosphat;victortspp, Tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate, Diphosphoric acid tetrasodium, Sodium Pyrophosphate(Anhidride)
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used in water softener, buffering agent, thickening agent, dispersing agent, wool de-fatting agent, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.
In addition, it is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is an inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations.
More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) has a role as a food emulsifier, a chelator and a food thickening agent.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) contains a diphosphate(4-).
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is widely used as an emulsifying salt (ES) in process cheese. Common foods containing sodium pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is the active ingredient in Bakewell, the substitute for baking powder's acid component marketed during shortages in World War II.
It is also used in some common baking powders.
Tetrasodium diphosphate (E 450 (iii)) is an inorganic phosphate salt used as a food additive and industrial chelating agent, belonging to the pyrophosphate group.
It is the fully neutralized sodium salt of diphosphoric acid and appears as a white, water-soluble crystalline powder.
It is primarily used to control pH, bind metal ions, and modify texture in processed foods.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) consists of two phosphate units linked together (diphosphate) with four sodium ions balancing the charge, which makes it highly effective at interacting with calcium and magnesium ions.
This binding ability is known as chelation and is important for controlling hardness and stability in formulations.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in both food and technical applications.
In water, it dissociates easily and behaves as a strong sequestrant and buffering agent, helping stabilize mixtures and prevent unwanted reactions caused by metal ions.
It also influences protein structure in food systems by interacting with charged groups.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it functionally important in processed food chemistry.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is best described as a multi-functional phosphate additive used to improve texture, stability, and ion control in food and industrial systems.
It is widely approved for regulated use in food processing under the E-number system.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it a standard functional food ingredient.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is part of the broader polyphosphate family, and its structure allows it to act as a versatile chemical “helper” that controls mineral ions and protein interactions in complex mixtures.
Because it contains multiple negatively charged phosphate groups, it can strongly interact with positively charged metal ions like calcium and magnesium.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it highly effective in stabilizing food and industrial systems.
In aqueous systems, it behaves as a highly soluble electrolyte that increases ionic strength while simultaneously binding free metal ions, which prevents unwanted precipitation or aggregation reactions.
This dual behavior helps maintain clarity, texture, and consistency in processed formulations.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in solution chemistry and formulation stability.
In protein-based foods, it influences protein hydration and unfolding by interacting with charged amino acid groups, which increases water retention and improves texture characteristics such as tenderness and juiciness.
This effect is especially important in processed meat and seafood systems.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in food structure modification.
It also helps prevent oxidative and enzymatic degradation indirectly by reducing metal-catalyzed reactions, since many oxidation processes are accelerated by iron or copper ions.
By binding these ions, it slows down quality deterioration in food products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in preservation chemistry.
In industrial water systems, it contributes to scale prevention by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions that would otherwise form insoluble deposits in pipes and equipment.
This improves efficiency and reduces maintenance requirements in processing plants.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in water treatment and industrial maintenance.
In formulation engineering, its performance depends on pH, concentration, and the presence of other salts, which determine how strongly it binds ions and how stable the overall system remains.
Careful balancing is required to avoid over-chelation or unwanted texture changes.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it a controllable functional ingredient rather than a passive additive.
Melting point: 80 °C
Boiling point: 93.8 °C
Density: 2.53 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 20 °C
storage temp.: inert atmosphere, room temperature
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: granular
Specific Gravity: 2.534
color: white
Odor: odorless
pH Range: 10.3
Water Solubility: soluble in water; insoluble in ethyl alcohol
Sensitive: hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9240
Exposure limits: NIOSH TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: BUFFERING; CHELATING; ANTICAKING; ORAL CARE
InChI: 1S/4Na.H4O7P2/c;;;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;;;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/q4*+1;/p-4
InChIKey: FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O
LogP: -3.42
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals with the formula Na4P2O7.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) contains the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.
Toxicity is approximately twice that of table salt when ingested orally.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) works mainly by binding calcium and magnesium ions, which prevents these minerals from interfering with food texture, protein stability, and emulsification processes.
This helps maintain consistent texture in processed foods such as meats and dairy products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in food formulation science.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) also acts as a buffering agent that helps maintain stable pH levels in food systems, which is important for controlling taste, microbial stability, and processing behavior.
Stable pH also improves the performance of other additives in the formulation.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in food preservation and processing.
In protein-rich foods, it can cause protein modification by increasing water-binding capacity and altering protein structure, which improves juiciness and texture.
This is especially useful in processed meat and seafood products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in meat technology.
In industrial applications outside food, it is used as a water softener and cleaning agent component, where it prevents scale formation and improves detergent efficiency.
Its ability to bind metal ions enhances cleaning performance.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it relevant in detergent and water treatment chemistry.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is a synthetic inorganic salt represented by the chemical formula Na₄P₂O₇.
In the European food additive system, it is categorized under E 450 (iii) and functions as a buffering agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and moisture-retention agent.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii), also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na4P2O7.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is a white, water-soluble solid.
It is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) toxicity is approximately twice that of table salt when ingested orally.
Also known is the decahydrate Na4P2O7 · 10(H2O).
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is part of a larger class of condensed phosphates that can interconvert in solution depending on pH, temperature, and ionic conditions, meaning its chemical behavior is not completely static in real systems.
In aqueous environments it can gradually equilibrate with other phosphate species.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it a dynamic component in solution chemistry.
In food systems, it influences water distribution and binding by interacting with both free water molecules and charged protein surfaces, which changes the overall hydration state of the product.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) helps control texture, juiciness, and mouthfeel in processed foods.
This makes it important in food physical chemistry.
It also contributes to emulsion stabilization by preventing metal ions from disrupting surfactant layers or protein-based emulsifiers, which improves long-term consistency in complex formulations.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) effect is especially important in processed dairy and meat emulsions.
This makes it useful in multi-phase food systems.
In industrial chemistry, it is often used alongside other phosphates and salts to achieve precise control of buffering capacity and sequestration strength, because its performance depends strongly on concentration balance.
Blending allows fine tuning of cleaning and formulation behavior.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in engineered chemical systems.
Its interaction with metals can also influence catalytic and oxidative processes by reducing the availability of transition metals that would otherwise accelerate degradation reactions.
This helps extend shelf life in food and stability in industrial formulations.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in chemical stabilization strategies.
In formulation practice, it must be carefully controlled because overuse can lead to excessive ion binding, which may negatively affect texture or cause overly firm or rubbery food structures.
This is why strict dosage limits are applied in regulated food systems.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes balance important in formulation design.
Uses:
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating.
It is also be used as an additive in the food industry.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries.
As a water softener; as a metal cleaner; as a dispersing and emulsifying agent.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a ph of 10.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.8 g/100 ml at 25°c.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a coagulant in noncooked instant puddings to provide thicken- ing.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) functions in cheese to reduce the meltability and fat separa- tion.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a dispersant in malted milk and chocolate drink powders.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) prevents crystal formation in tuna.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is also termed sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, and tspp.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a food additive for emulsification, stabilization, and moisture retention because it improves texture and prevents separation in processed foods.
It is commonly used in meat, seafood, dairy, and convenience food products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it an important functional ingredient in food processing.
In processed meat products, it is used to increase water retention and improve texture by modifying protein structures and preventing moisture loss during cooking.
This results in juicier and more stable meat products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it widely used in meat industry formulation.
In dairy and cheese processing, it is used to stabilize protein systems and improve melting and texture behavior, especially in processed cheese products.
It helps maintain smooth consistency and prevents separation.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in dairy technology.
In seafood processing, it is used to improve water-holding capacity and maintain firmness in fish and shellfish products during freezing and thawing.
It reduces drip loss and improves product quality after storage.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in frozen seafood production.
In industrial applications, it is used as a sequestrant in detergents and water treatment systems, where it binds metal ions that would otherwise reduce cleaning efficiency or form scale.
This improves overall system performance and stability.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in cleaning and water chemistry.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a food emulsifier, stabilizer, and sequestrant because it improves texture, moisture retention, and ionic balance in processed foods.
It is widely used in meat, seafood, dairy, and convenience food formulations.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it a key functional additive in food processing.
In processed meat products, it is used to increase water-holding capacity and improve tenderness by modifying protein structures and preventing water loss during cooking or storage.
This results in juicier and more stable meat products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in meat technology.
In dairy applications, it is used to stabilize protein systems and improve melting, emulsification, and texture in processed cheese and similar products.
It prevents separation and maintains smooth consistency.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in dairy product formulation.
In frozen seafood and fish products, it is used to reduce drip loss and maintain firmness during freezing and thawing cycles.
It helps preserve texture and weight after storage.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in seafood preservation.
In industrial systems, it is used as a water softener and cleaning aid in detergents and process water treatment, where it prevents scale formation and improves cleaning efficiency.
It enhances system performance by controlling metal ion content.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in industrial cleaning chemistry.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is used as a functional food additive for emulsification, stabilization, and water retention control, where it improves texture and consistency in processed foods.
It is widely applied in meat, seafood, dairy, and ready-to-eat products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it an important ingredient in food manufacturing.
In processed meat products, it is used to increase water-binding capacity and improve texture by modifying protein structure and preventing moisture loss during heating and storage.
This results in improved juiciness and yield.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it essential in meat processing technology.
In dairy and cheese systems, it is used to stabilize protein networks and improve melting, emulsification, and smoothness in processed cheese products.
It helps prevent separation and ensures uniform texture.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it valuable in dairy formulation science.
In seafood processing, it is used to reduce drip loss and maintain firmness during freezing, thawing, and storage cycles.
This helps preserve quality and weight of fish and shellfish products.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it important in frozen food technology.
In industrial applications, it is used as a water softener, scale inhibitor, and sequestrant in cleaning systems and process water treatment, where it binds calcium and magnesium ions.
This improves detergent efficiency and prevents equipment fouling.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it useful in industrial maintenance chemistry.
Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is not a cholinesterase inhibitor.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and Na2O.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is generally considered a low-to-moderate hazard substance with good safety under regulated use levels, especially in food applications where it is approved in controlled concentrations.
Most risks are related to excessive intake or irritation in concentrated form rather than high toxicity.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it safe when used according to regulations.
Direct contact with concentrated powder or solution may cause mild skin, eye, or respiratory irritation, especially in industrial handling conditions.
Eye exposure may lead to temporary discomfort requiring rinsing with water.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes protective handling recommended in manufacturing environments.
If ingested in very high amounts beyond normal dietary exposure, it may cause digestive discomfort such as nausea or imbalance of mineral levels due to its phosphate content.
However, normal regulated food use levels are considered safe for consumption.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes dose control the key safety factor.
Environmental concerns are generally low under normal use, but excessive phosphate release into water systems can contribute to nutrient loading and eutrophication in aquatic environments.
This is why wastewater control is important in industrial applications.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes environmental management relevant in large-scale use.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) is considered safe in regulated food and industrial applications, with primary hazards related to irritation, high-dose exposure, and environmental phosphate loading.
Proper handling and adherence to usage limits ensure safe application.
Tetrasodium diphosphate E 450 (iii) makes it a well-controlled and widely used additive.
