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THPS 75% antimicrobial activity is believed to involve interaction with microbial cell membranes and proteins, leading to disruption of metabolic function and loss of cell viability.
THPS 75% broad-spectrum action makes it effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
THPS 75% makes it important in biofilm control applications.
CAS Number: 55566-30-8
Molecular Formula: C8H24O12P2S
Molecular Weight: 406.28
EINECS Number: 259-709-0
Synonyms: Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, bis(tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium) sulfate, bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (2:1), phosphonium tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) sulfate, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium sulfate, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulphate, octakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, octakis(hydroxymethyl)diphosphonium sulfate, THPS, THPS 75, Proban NX, Tolcide PS, Pyroset TKO, Retardol S, CAS 55566-30-8, C8H24O12P2S, EC 259-709-0, EINECS 259-709-0, UNII 5I8RSL9E6S, DTXSID0021331, DTXCID001331, RefChem:188741, HSDB 4215, CCRIS 316, NCI-C55050, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 129058, Tetrakis(HydroxyMethyl) PhosphoniuM Sulphate (THPS);Bis[tetrakis(hydroxyMethyl)phosphoniuM;Bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate solution technical, 70-75% in H2O (T);Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (75% aqueous solution);bis(tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium)sulfate(salt);TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM SULFATE;octakis(hydroxymethyl)diphosphonium sulfate;tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulphate(2:1)
THPS 75% is an organophosphorus compound.
THPS 75% is used as a precursor in the flame retardant manufacturing process, a biocide in water systems, and a tanning agent in the leather industry.
THPS 75% is a safe aqueous solution with antimicrobial properties that is significantly less toxic, effective at lower concentrations, and more biodegradable than other traditional biocides.
THPS 75% is a highly effective, eco-friendly biocide and internationally recognized cotton flame-retardant consisting of 75% active tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (CAS: 55566-30-8) and 25% water.
THPS 75% is primarily used for industrial water treatment and oilfield operations.
THPS 75% works as a non-oxidizing biocide, meaning it kills or inhibits microorganisms without relying on strong oxidizing reactions like chlorine or ozone systems do.
Instead, it interferes directly with cellular processes.
THPS 75% makes it useful in systems where oxidizing agents are unsuitable.
THPS 75% is often preferred in industrial systems because it has relatively low corrosion potential compared to oxidizing biocides, making it suitable for metal-rich environments such as cooling towers and oilfield equipment.
This helps extend equipment lifespan while maintaining cleanliness.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in corrosion-sensitive systems.
THPS 75% is widely used to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which are responsible for hydrogen sulfide formation and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
This helps reduce both safety risks and infrastructure damage.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum production chemistry.
THPS 75% is also known for having good environmental degradability compared to many older biocides, as it breaks down into less harmful phosphorus-containing products over time under environmental conditions.
However, concentration and discharge still need to be controlled.
THPS 75% makes it relatively environmentally manageable.
Because it is supplied as a concentrated solution, THPS 75% allows efficient transport, storage, and dosing in industrial systems where continuous microbial control is required.
It is often metered into systems using automated dosing pumps.
THPS 75% makes it important in large-scale process control.
THPS 75% is often selected in industry because it offers a good balance between biocidal strength and operational compatibility, meaning it can be used in systems that contain metals, polymers, and mixed water chemistries without causing severe scaling or rapid corrosion issues.
This makes it easier to integrate into existing infrastructure compared to more aggressive oxidizing disinfectants.
THPS 75% makes it practical in large industrial systems.
Its effectiveness can vary depending on water chemistry factors such as hardness, organic load, and presence of suspended solids, which can partially consume or reduce active biocidal performance.
THPS 75% means dosing must often be adjusted based on real-time system conditions.
This makes it important in adaptive water treatment control.
In biofilm control, THPS 75% is particularly useful because it can penetrate the extracellular polymeric matrix that protects microorganisms, allowing it to reach cells that are otherwise shielded from many conventional biocides.
This improves long-term system cleanliness and reduces regrowth cycles.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in persistent contamination control.
THPS 75% is often used under high-pressure and high-salinity conditions, where many conventional disinfectants lose effectiveness or become unstable.
Its water solubility and stability under these conditions make it especially suitable.
THPS 75% makes it important in extreme industrial environments.
Because it is a concentrated solution, THPS 75% allows logistically efficient transport and storage, reducing handling volume while still delivering high active biocide content when diluted at the point of use.
THPS 75% improves supply chain efficiency and dosing flexibility.
This makes it useful in industrial chemical management.
In modern water treatment strategies, THPS is frequently used in rotation programs with other biocides to prevent microbial resistance development and maintain long-term system effectiveness.
THPS 75% helps avoid reduced sensitivity of microbial populations over time.
THPS 75% makes it important in resistance management strategies.
Melting point: -35 °C
Boiling point: 111 °C
Density: 1.4 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 20 °C
Flash point: 96 °C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry conditions, room temperature
form: liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.42
color: colorless to almost colorless
Water Solubility: ≥10 g/100 mL at 18 °C
BRN: 8521357
Henry's Law Constant: 5.8 × 10^17 mol/(m3Pa) at 25 °C (HSDB, 2015)
InChI: 1S/C4H12O4P.H2O4S/c5-1-9(2-6,3-7)4-8;1-5(2,3)4/h5-8H,1-4H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-1
InChIKey: HFDZMBPIARIWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES: P+(CO)(CO)CO.S([O-])(=O)(=O)O
LogP: -9.8
THPS 75% is a water-based industrial biocide solution containing tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) at about 75% active content.
THPS 75% is an organophosphorus compound designed mainly for microbial control in industrial water systems and oilfield operations.
This makes it a widely used non-oxidizing biocide.
THPS 75% is a phosphonium salt with multiple hydroxymethyl groups, and in the sulfate form it is stabilized as a liquid solution for easy handling and dosing.
The structure allows it to interact with microbial cells and disrupt essential biological functions.
THPS 75% makes it effective as a disinfecting and antimicrobial agent.
In solution form, THPS 75% is typically a clear to slightly yellow liquid that is fully water-miscible, allowing it to be injected directly into water systems without pre-dissolution.
Its high concentration makes it efficient for large-scale industrial use.
THPS 75% makes it practical for continuous dosing systems.
THPS 75% is best described as a concentrated organophosphonium biocide solution used to control bacteria, algae, and biofilm formation in industrial environments.
Its main role is microbial control rather than structural or formulation modification.
This makes it important in industrial hygiene and water treatment.
THPS 75% is widely valued in industry because it provides rapid microbial kill at relatively low dosage levels while maintaining compatibility with many industrial water chemistries, including systems containing hardness ions and dissolved salts.
This allows it to work effectively even in complex real-world water conditions.
THPS 75% makes it a robust biocide for demanding environments.
Its performance is strongly influenced by pH and temperature, where higher temperatures can increase biocidal activity but also accelerate chemical degradation of the active species over time.
This means dosing strategies must be adjusted depending on system conditions.
THPS 75% makes it important in process optimization.
Unlike many oxidizing biocides, THPS does not rely on chlorine-like oxidation reactions, but instead shows direct interaction with microbial cell structures, which reduces the formation of harmful chlorinated byproducts.
This makes it attractive for systems where corrosion or byproduct formation is a concern.
THPS 75% makes it useful in environmentally sensitive industrial applications.
In cooling water systems, THPS can penetrate and disrupt biofilms, which are protective layers formed by microorganisms that make them resistant to many conventional disinfectants.
By breaking down these structures, it improves overall disinfection efficiency.
THPS 75% makes it important in biofouling control.
In oilfield applications, it is often injected into downhole and pipeline systems where anaerobic conditions allow sulfate-reducing bacteria to thrive and produce hydrogen sulfide gas.
Controlling these bacteria helps reduce corrosion and toxic gas formation.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum production safety.
Because it is supplied as a high-strength aqueous solution, THPS 75% enables efficient logistics and dosing control, allowing continuous or shock dosing strategies depending on microbial load and system design.
This flexibility is important in large industrial installations.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in operational water treatment management.
THPS 75% is particularly valued in industrial chemistry because it shows high efficacy against both planktonic microorganisms and sessile biofilm-associated cells, which are typically much harder to eliminate in water systems.
This dual action helps prevent rapid recolonization after treatment.
THPS 75% makes it effective for long-term microbial control.
Its activity is often described as non-oxidative but still strongly biocidal, meaning it does not rely on harsh oxidative degradation but instead disrupts essential cellular functions through chemical interaction with biological structures.
THPS 75% reduces dependence on chlorine-based chemistry.
THPS 75% makes it useful in corrosion-sensitive systems.
In cooling systems, THPS 75% can reduce biofouling-related heat transfer losses by keeping internal surfaces cleaner, which directly improves energy efficiency in heat exchangers and condensers.
Even thin biofilms can significantly reduce thermal performance.
THPS 75% makes it important in energy optimization.
In oilfield systems, THPS 75% is effective because it can penetrate anaerobic environments where sulfate-reducing bacteria thrive and generate hydrogen sulfide, a toxic and corrosive gas.
Controlling these bacteria helps reduce both safety hazards and infrastructure degradation.
THPS 75% makes it critical in upstream petroleum operations.
The sulfate form used in THPS 75% contributes to high water solubility and formulation stability, allowing easy dilution and uniform distribution in large industrial systems without phase separation or precipitation issues.
This improves dosing reliability in continuous treatment systems.
THPS 75% makes it important in practical application engineering.
Because it is highly water-compatible, THPS 75% is typically applied using automated dosing systems that adjust concentration based on microbial load, system volume, and flow rate conditions.
This ensures consistent performance and reduces chemical waste.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in automated water treatment control.
Uses:
THPS 75% is used as a biocide in industrial water treatment systems, where it controls bacterial, fungal, and algal growth in cooling towers and process water loops.
It helps prevent fouling and microbial contamination.
THPS 75% makes it essential in water system maintenance.
In oil and gas production, it is used to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and prevent hydrogen sulfide formation and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
This improves safety and protects infrastructure.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum operations.
In paper and pulp processing, it is used to reduce microbial growth in process water systems and prevent slime formation on equipment and materials.
This improves production efficiency and product quality.
THPS 75% makes it important in pulp and paper industry hygiene.
In industrial cooling systems, it is used to maintain microbial balance and prevent biofilm buildup on heat exchange surfaces, improving heat transfer efficiency.
This reduces energy loss and maintenance requirements.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in thermal system performance.
In some disinfectant formulations, THPS 75% is used as a component in antimicrobial treatments for industrial surfaces and systems requiring long-lasting microbial control.
It is typically used in controlled industrial environments rather than consumer products.
THPS 75% makes it important in industrial sanitation systems.
THPS 75% is used as a biocide in industrial cooling water systems, where it prevents bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and fouling of heat exchange equipment.
This improves energy efficiency and system reliability.
THPS 75% makes it essential in HVAC and industrial cooling operations.
In oil and gas production, it is used to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and prevent microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) as well as hydrogen sulfide generation.
This enhances pipeline integrity and operational safety.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum industry protection.
In paper and pulp manufacturing, it is used to reduce slime formation and microbial contamination in process water loops, improving paper quality and reducing equipment downtime.
THPS 75% helps maintain consistent production efficiency.
This makes it important in pulp processing systems.
In industrial water treatment plants, it is used for general microbial control in recirculating water systems where biofilm formation can reduce performance and increase maintenance costs.
THPS 75% helps maintain system cleanliness over long operating cycles.
This makes it valuable in industrial utilities management.
In sanitation of industrial surfaces and equipment, it is used as a non-oxidizing disinfectant for controlled environments where chlorine-based agents are not suitable.
THPS 75% provides flexibility in hygiene management strategies.
This makes it useful in industrial cleaning applications.
THPS 75% is used as a primary non-oxidizing biocide in industrial cooling water systems, where it prevents bacterial growth, slime formation, and biofilm accumulation on heat exchange surfaces.
This improves heat transfer efficiency and reduces maintenance requirements.
THPS 75% makes it essential in industrial cooling management.
In oil and gas production, it is used to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), prevent hydrogen sulfide generation, and reduce microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in pipelines and reservoirs.
This improves operational safety and infrastructure longevity.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum engineering.
In pulp and paper processing, it is used to control microbial contamination in process water circuits and prevent slime deposits that can affect product quality and machine performance.
This helps maintain consistent production output.
THPS 75% makes it important in paper manufacturing systems.
In industrial water treatment plants, it is used for continuous microbial control in recirculating systems where biofilm formation can reduce flow efficiency and increase energy consumption.
It helps maintain long-term system stability.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in utility water management.
In industrial sanitation systems, it is used as a non-oxidizing disinfectant alternative for environments where chlorine or oxidizing agents are undesirable due to corrosion or byproduct formation concerns.
This provides flexibility in hygiene strategies.
THPS 75% makes it useful in specialized cleaning applications.
THPS 75% is used as a primary non-oxidizing biocide in industrial cooling water systems, where it prevents microbial growth, biofouling, and slime formation on heat exchange surfaces.
This improves energy efficiency and reduces maintenance downtime.
THPS 75% makes it essential in industrial cooling operations.
In oil and gas production, THPS 75% is used to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), prevent hydrogen sulfide formation, and reduce microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in pipelines and reservoirs.
This enhances safety and protects infrastructure integrity.
THPS 75% makes it critical in petroleum production systems.
In pulp and paper industries, it is used to reduce microbial contamination and slime deposits in process water circuits, helping maintain product quality and machine performance.
This improves production efficiency and reduces operational disruptions.
THPS 75% makes it important in paper manufacturing.
In industrial water treatment plants, THPS 75% is used for continuous microbial control in recirculating water systems where biofilm buildup can reduce flow efficiency and increase energy consumption.
This helps maintain stable long-term operation.
THPS 75% makes it valuable in utility water management.
In industrial sanitation applications, it is used as a non-oxidizing disinfectant alternative in systems where chlorine-based biocides are unsuitable due to corrosion risk or byproduct formation concerns.
This provides flexibility in treatment strategies.
THPS 75% makes it useful in specialized industrial cleaning.
Safety Profile:
THPS 75% is considered a moderate hazard industrial chemical with toxicity concerns related to concentration, exposure route, and prolonged handling, requiring strict safety procedures.
Its hazards are mainly occupational rather than consumer-related.
THPS 75% makes industrial safety management essential.
Direct contact with the concentrated solution may cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure may result in more severe irritation or chemical injury depending on exposure time.
Protective gloves, goggles, and protective clothing are recommended.
THPS 75% makes personal protective equipment necessary.
Inhalation of aerosols or mists may cause respiratory tract irritation, including coughing, throat discomfort, or breathing difficulty in sensitive individuals, especially in poorly ventilated environments.
Adequate ventilation reduces exposure risk significantly.
THPS 75% makes engineering controls important.
Although THPS 75% is relatively less corrosive than oxidizing biocides, it is still a reactive biocidal compound that can be harmful if ingested or improperly handled in concentrated form.
Accidental exposure requires immediate medical attention.
THPS 75% makes safe handling procedures important.
Environmental release must be controlled because high concentrations can be toxic to aquatic organisms even though THPS is considered more biodegradable than many traditional biocides.
Wastewater treatment and controlled discharge are necessary.
THPS 75% makes environmental protection important.
THPS 75% is a widely used but carefully regulated industrial biocide that requires proper handling, dosing control, ventilation, and environmental management to ensure safe use.
Its effectiveness in microbial control must be balanced with responsible chemical management.
THPS 75% makes it a key but controlled industrial disinfectant.
