TIB KAT 188

Tib Kat 188 is used in paints and coatings.
Tib Kat 188 is used in the preparation of catalysts, reducing agents, and stannous salts.
Tib Kat 188 is used as a reducing agent, and also used in the preparation of stannous salts.

CAS Number: 21651-19-4
EC Number: 244-509-1
Chemical Name: Stannous Oxide (Tin(II) Oxide)
Molecular Formula: SnO
Molecular Weight: 134.71 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Stannous Oxide, Tin(II) Oxide, Tin Monoxide, SnO, TIB KAT 188, Tin(II) oxide Stannous oxide, Tin monoxide, SnO, SKIL, Oxtain, tin(ii), TIN OXIDE, Tin(Ⅱ)oxid, TIB KAT 188, Tin(Ⅱ)oxide, Zinnmonoxid, TIN MONOXIDE

Tib Kat 188, also known as stannous oxide, is a chemical compound. 
Tib Kat 188's chemical formula is SnO.
Tib Kat 188 is a compound with the formula SnO.

Tib Kat 188 is composed of tin and oxygen where tin has the oxidation state of +2.
There are two forms, a stable blue-black form and a metastable red form.
Tib Kat 188 is brownish-black powder or black to blue-black crystalline solid.

Tib Kat 188 is insoluble in water.
Tib Kat 188 is a high-performance inorganic tin catalyst, primarily composed of Stannous Oxide (Tin(II) Oxide).
Tib Kat 188 is widely utilized in various industrial applications due to its excellent catalytic properties, especially in esterification reactions.

Tib Kat 188 is a free-flowing, dry and stable Tin-(II)-oxide which has excellent catalytic properties as an esterification catalyst.
Tib Kat 188 is a neutral and non-corrosive compound.
The quantities of Tib Kat 188 to be added for esterification are generally between 0.01 and 0.10 wt.-%.

Tib Kat 188 shows the highest catalytic activity at reaction temperatures between 180 - 260°C.
Tib Kat 188 is easily removable from esters by chemical reactions or by adsorption.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TIB KAT 188:
Tib Kat 188 is used for illumination with UV light.
Tib Kat 188 is a reducing agent; and is used in preparing other tin(II) salts.
Also, Tib Kat 188 is used to make soft abrasive putty powder.

Tib Kat 188 is used reducing agent; preparation of stannous salts.
Tib Kat 188 is used as reducing agent, soft abrasive, and in preparation of stannous salts.
Tib Kat 188 is used in the manufacture of copper ruby glass, and for illumination with UV light.

Tib Kat 188 acts as an inorganic tin catalyst.
Tib Kat 188 is a stannous oxide grade.
Tib Kat 188 possesses very good catalytic properties.

Tib Kat 188 is used in paints and coatings.
Tib Kat 188 is used in the preparation of catalysts, reducing agents, and stannous salts.
Tib Kat 188 is used as a reducing agent, and also used in the preparation of stannous salts.

Tib Kat 188 is used in the preparation of catalysts, reducing agents, and stannous salts.
Also used in electroplating and glass industries.
Catalyst uses of Tib Kat 188: Catalyst for Polyester producing process / Steel polishing agent / Plastic & Paint / Personal care products.

The dominant use of Tib Kat 188 is as a precursor in manufacturing of other, typically divalent, tin compounds or salts.
Tib Kat 188 may also be employed as a reducing agent and in the creation of ruby glass.
Tib Kat 188 has a minor use as an esterification catalyst.

Cerium(III) oxide in ceramic form, together with Tib Kat 188, is used for illumination with UV light.
Tib Kat 188 serves as an effective catalyst in various chemical processes.
Esterification Reactions: Tib Kat 188 facilitates the synthesis of esters, particularly in the production of oleochemical esters, lubricant esters, and cosmetic esters.

Polyester and Alkyd Resin Synthesis: Tib Kat 188 enhances the production of polyester resins, including polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by providing higher catalytic activity compared to other catalysts.
Coatings and Resins: Tib Kat 188 is used in the production of resins or polymer coating systems, including those employed in food packaging applications.

BENEFITS and ADVANTAGES OF TIB KAT 188:
*High Catalytic Activity: 
Tib Kat 188 ensures efficient reactions with short reaction times.

*Selectivity: 
Tib Kat 188 minimizes secondary reactions, leading to purer end products.

*Non-Corrosive: 
Unlike acidic catalysts, Tib Kat 188 is non-corrosive, making it safer for equipment and handling.

*Easy Removal: 
Post-reaction, Tib Kat 188 can be easily removed through chemical treatment or adsorption.

*Versatility: 
Tib Kat 188 is applicable across various industries, including coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, and industrial organic synthesis.

RELATED COMPOUNDS OF TIB KAT 188:
-Other anions    
*Tin sulfide
*Tin selenide
*Tin telluride

-Other cations    
*Carbon monoxide
*Silicon monoxide
*Germanium(II) oxide
*Lead(II) oxide

-Related tin oxides    
*Tin dioxide

PREPARATION OF TIB KAT 188:
Tib Kat 188 is prepared by heating tin(II) hydroxide.
The latter is obtained as a white precipitate by reacting Sn²⁺ ions with hydroxide ions:
Sn²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq) → Sn(OH)₂ (s)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIB KAT 188:
Tib Kat 188 is a black crystals with a characteristic odour.
Tib Kat 188 is insoluble in water but soluble in acids and alkalis and slightly soluble in ammonium chloride.
Tib Kat 188 is incompatible with acids and/or alkalis.

REACTIVITY PROFILE OF TIB KAT 188:
Tib Kat 188 is a reducing agent.
Tib Kat 188 is unstable in air due to slow oxidation to tin(IV) oxide.

At 300°C this oxidation proceeds incandescently.
Tib Kat 188 is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Tib Kat 188 reacts with acids and with strong bases.

PREPARATION and REACTIONS OF TIB KAT 188:
Blue-black SnO can be produced by heating the tin(II) oxide hydrate, SnO·xH₂O (x < 1) precipitated when a tin(II) salt is reacted with an alkali hydroxide such as NaOH.

Metastable, red SnO can be prepared by gentle heating of the precipitate produced by the action of aqueous ammonia on a tin(II) salt.
SnO may be prepared as a pure substance in the laboratory, by controlled heating of tin(II) oxalate (stannous oxalate) in the absence of air or under a CO₂ atmosphere.

This method is also applied to the production of ferrous oxide and manganous oxide.
SnC₂O₄·2H₂O → SnO + CO₂ + CO + 2 H₂O

Tin(II) oxide burns in air with a dim green flame to form SnO₂.
2 SnO + O₂ → 2 SnO₂

When heated in an inert atmosphere initially disproportionation occurs giving Sn metal and Sn₃O₄ which further reacts to give SnO₂ and Sn metal.
4SnO → Sn₃O₄ + Sn
Sn₃O₄ → 2SnO₂ + Sn

Tib Kat 188 is amphoteric, dissolving in strong acid to give tin(II) salts and in strong base to give stannites containing Sn(OH)₃⁻.
Tib Kat 188 can be dissolved in strong acid solutions to give the ionic complexes Sn(OH₂)₃²⁺ and Sn(OH)(OH₂)₂⁺, and in less acid solutions to give Sn₃(OH)₄²⁺.

Note that anhydrous stannites, e.g. K₂Sn₂O₃, K₂SnO₂ are also known.
Tib Kat 188 is a reducing agent and is thought to reduce copper(I) to metallic clusters in the manufacture of so-called "copper ruby glass".

STRUCTURE OF TIB KAT 188:
Black, α-Tib Kat 188 adopts the tetragonal PbO layer structure containing four coordinate square pyramidal tin atoms.
This form is found in nature as the rare mineral romarchite.

The asymmetry is usually simply ascribed to a sterically active lone pair; however, electron density calculations show that the asymmetry is caused by an antibonding interaction of the Sn(5s) and the O(2p) orbitals.

The electronic structure and chemistry of the lone pair determines most of the properties of the material.
Non-stoichiometry has been observed in Tib Kat 188.
The electronic band gap has been measured between 2.5 eV and 3 eV.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TIB KAT 188:
Bluish-black powder; tetragonal crystals; density 6.45 g/cm³; decomposes at 1,080°C; insoluble in water; dissolves in acids to form Sn²⁺ and in base to form stannite ion, Sn(OH)₃⁻.

PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF TIB KAT 188:
Tib Kat 188 should be stored in a cool and dry place, keep the cover of the package tight after using.
The main cause of instability of Tib Kat 188 is oxidation.
In addition, Tib Kat 188 may lead to a lower chrominance of the final ester product.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TIB KAT 188:
Chemical Name: Stannous Oxide (Tin(II) Oxide)
CAS Number: 21651-19-4
EC Number: 244-509-1
Molecular Formula: SnO
Molecular Weight: 134.71 g/mol
Appearance: Free-flowing, dry, and stable white powder
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in acids
Catalytic Activity: Exhibits excellent catalytic properties in esterification reactions
Dosage: Typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight in esterification processes

Chemical Name: Stannous oxide
CAS Number: 21651-19-4
EC Number: 244-499-5
Molecular Formula: SnO
Molecular Weight: 134.709 g/mol
Appearance: black or red powder when anhydrous, white when hydrated
Physical State: powder
Color: black, blue-black

Odor: odorless
Melting Point: 1080 °C
Boiling Point: No data available
Density: 6.45 g/cm³
Solubility: insoluble in water and ethanol; soluble in acid solutions
pH: No data available
Vapor Pressure: No data available

Viscosity: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not applicable for inorganic substances
Magnetic Susceptibility (χ): −19.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Crystal Structure: tetragonal, PbO type
Thermochemistry Std Molar Entropy (S°298): 56 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Thermochemistry Std Enthalpy of Formation (ΔfH°298): −285 kJ·mol⁻¹
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: none
Storage Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions

Other Safety Information: No data available
Hill Formula: SnO
MDL Number: MFCD00011243
UNSPSC Code: 12352303
PubChem Substance ID: 24874004
NACRES: NA.23
Specific Gravity: 6.95
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 4 (no reaction with water under neutral conditions)
Crystal System: square

FIRST AID MEASURES of TIB KAT 188:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TIB KAT 188:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TIB KAT 188:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TIB KAT 188:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of TIB KAT 188:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TIB KAT 188:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available