Quick Search
TIB KAT 214 is an organotin-based catalyst, typically used to accelerate the urethane (PU) and silicone crosslinking reactions.
It is designed to offer high catalytic activity while balancing pot life and cure time.
The exact composition is proprietary, but it's often based on dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) or similar tin compounds modified for specific reactivity profiles.
CAS 77-58-7
Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate,DBTDL,Tin(IV) dilaurate, dibutyl derivative
Dibutylbis(dodecanoyloxy)stannane,Butylstannoic acid, dibutyl ester with dodecanoic acid
TIB KAT 214 is a high-performance organotin catalyst widely utilized in polyurethane and related polymer industries.
Known for its catalytic efficiency, thermal stability, and balanced toxicity profile compared to traditional catalysts like dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), TIB KAT 214 has become an essential component in many commercial formulations.
This article presents a comprehensive review of TIB KAT 214, covering its chemical identity, physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism, analytical characterization, toxicological impact, and industrial applications.
Furthermore, recent innovations, regulatory considerations, and potential future trends are discussed to provide a holistic understanding of this organotin catalyst.
Introduction
Organotin compounds have long played a vital role in industrial catalysis, particularly in the synthesis of polyurethanes and other polymers.
Among them, the TIB KAT series has gained prominence for its efficacy and lower environmental impact.
TIB KAT 214 is a proprietary catalyst formulation known for its versatility and consistent performance across various applications.
This section introduces the evolution of organotin catalysts, the significance of TIB KAT catalysts, and situates TIB KAT 214 within this context.
Historically, DBTDL was the catalyst of choice due to its unmatched reactivity.
However, environmental and toxicological concerns have driven the development of alternatives.
TIB Chemicals' TIB KAT series emerged to address these issues. TIB KAT 214, in particular, is designed to provide high catalytic activity while reducing toxicological burden.
The following sections delve into the multifaceted aspects of TIB KAT 214, beginning with its chemical identity and structure.
Chemical Identity and Structure
TIB KAT 214 is a tin-based catalyst composed of organotin compounds, typically featuring carboxylate or alkoxide ligands.
Its exact formulation is proprietary, but it is known to be a stabilized organotin compound with enhanced reactivity and hydrolytic stability.
The chemical structure likely includes a tetravalent tin center coordinated with organic groups that modulate reactivity and solubility.
Comparative studies suggest it may incorporate isooctanoate or similar carboxylic acid derivatives, akin to DBTDL analogs.
Synthesis of TIB KAT 214 involves reaction of tin oxides or chlorides with specific organic acids under controlled conditions to yield a uniform and catalytically active product.
This approach ensures reproducibility and consistency in industrial applications.
TIB KAT 214 stands out from other TIB KAT catalysts such as TIB KAT 208 due to its tailored ligand environment, which offers a unique balance of reactivity and environmental safety.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TIB KAT 214 is typically a clear to slightly yellow liquid at room temperature, indicating high purity and stability.
It is miscible with most organic solvents used in polyurethane systems, including polyols and isocyanates.
Boiling Point: Estimated above 250°C (decomposes)
Density: Approximately 1.1 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low to moderate, facilitating easy mixing and dispersion
Solubility: Miscible in alcohols, esters, and polyether polyols
TIB KAT 214 demonstrates excellent thermal stability, maintaining catalytic activity at elevated temperatures typical of polymer curing processes.
It also shows good resistance to hydrolysis, a common drawback in many tin-based catalysts.
Its chemical reactivity is centered on the activation of hydroxyl and isocyanate groups, promoting urethane formation with high efficiency.
Catalytic Mechanism
The catalytic mechanism of TIB KAT 214 is analogous to that of other organotin catalysts.
It involves coordination of the tin center to the carbonyl oxygen of the isocyanate, increasing its electrophilicity.
This facilitates nucleophilic attack by a polyol's hydroxyl group, forming a urethane bond.
Coordination: Tin atom coordinates with isocyanate group
Activation: Increases susceptibility of isocyanate to nucleophilic attack
Reaction: Hydroxyl group from polyol attacks the isocyanate
Product Formation: Urethane bond is formed; tin catalyst is regenerated
Compared to DBTDL, TIB KAT 214 offers similar or slightly reduced reactivity but with significantly improved handling and environmental profile.
The ligand environment modulates the Lewis acidity of the tin center, fine-tuning its catalytic strength.
Analytical Characterization Techniques
Several analytical methods are used to characterize TIB KAT 214 and confirm its composition, purity, and performance characteristics:
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance): Used for confirming organic ligands attached to tin.
FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy): Identifies functional groups, especially tin-oxygen bonds.
GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry): Detects impurities and confirms molecular structure.
TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis): Assesses thermal stability and decomposition profile.
DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry): Measures heat flow to assess curing behavior in formulations.
ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry): Quantifies tin content.
These techniques provide comprehensive insights into the structural and functional attributes of TIB KAT 214.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TIB KAT 214
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
