TIB KAT 256 is a chemical compound with the formula (C4H10)2SnO.
TIB KAT 256 helps prevent the degradation of PVC by heat and light, thereby increasing its lifespan.
TIB KAT 256 is hydrolytically stable and can be used in the synthesis of saturated polyester resins for powder coatings and coil coatings, as well in the production of unsaturated polyester resins for gel-coat, sheet molding, and cast molding applications.
CAS Number: 2273-43-0
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2Sn
Molecular Weight: 208.83
EINECS: 218-880-1
Synonyms: TIB KAT 256, MonoTIB KAT 256, 51590-67-1, Stannane, butyloxo-, BUTYLSTANNANONE, Tegokat 256, Eurecat 8200, EINECS 257-300-1, CCRIS 6318, mono butyl tin oxide, SCHEMBL195087, AKOS015918349, FT-0657367, A828673.
TIB KAT 256 might be used also to produce polymeric plasticizers.
TIB KAT 256 has a molecular weight of 248.99 g/mol and a melting point of approximately 45-50°C.
It is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and acetone.
TIB KAT 256 can be synthesized through the reaction of butyltin chloride [(C4H9)2SnCl2] with water or by hydrolysis of butyltin trichloride (C4H9)SnCl3.
The reaction typically takes place under acidic conditions, leading to the formation of TIB KAT 256 and hydrochloric acid.
TIB KAT 256 is widely used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
TIB KAT 256 assists in the polymerization reaction between polyols and isocyanates, promoting the formation and curing of the foam.
TIB KAT 256 serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
TIB KAT 256 helps prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation.
TIB KAT 256 can act as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds.
TIB KAT 256 is involved in various reactions to produce compounds used in industries such as plastics, coatings, and agriculture.
Organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, have come under scrutiny due to their potential environmental and health effects.
They can be toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly to marine life such as shellfish and fish.
Accumulation of organotin compounds in the environment can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
The most important benefit of TIB KAT 256 lies in its use as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Polyurethane foams are versatile materials used in a wide range of applications, including insulation, cushioning, and packaging.
TIB KAT 256 facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, allowing for the formation and curing of the foam.
The key advantage of using TIB KAT 256 as a catalyst in polyurethane foam production is its effectiveness in promoting the desired chemical reactions.
TIB KAT 256 enables the production of foams with specific properties such as density, flexibility, and durability.
The foam can be tailored to meet various requirements, such as thermal insulation, impact absorption, or comfort.
Polyurethane foams are widely used in industries such as construction, automotive, furniture, and bedding due to their excellent insulation properties, cushioning ability, and structural support.
By acting as a catalyst, TIB KAT 256 plays a critical role in the efficient production of polyurethane foams on a large scale.
It is important to note that the use of TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds has been restricted or regulated due to environmental and health concerns associated with their potential toxicity and persistence in the environment.
Alternative catalysts are being explored to replace TIB KAT 256 in polyurethane foam production, focusing on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly options.
Several countries have implemented regulations and restrictions on the use of organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256.
For example, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has banned the use of organotin compounds in antifouling paints for ships.
It is important to handle TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds with care.
Follow appropriate safety measures and dispose of them according to local regulations to minimize their potential impact on the environment and human health.
Ongoing research is focused on developing alternative catalysts and stabilizers that are less harmful to the environment and human health, reducing the reliance on organotin compounds.
TIB KAT 256 is used primarily to catalyze esterification and polycondensation reactions at temperature between 210°C and 240°C (stable up to 250°C).
TIB KAT 256 begins to solubilize in carboxylic acid at 80°C during the reaction and becomes incorporated into the final product without affecting the quality of the product.
TIB KAT 256 can significantly shorten esterification times, offers energy savings due to lower reaction temperatures, with a consequent more efficient use of equipment.
TIB KAT 256 minimizes side reactions such as dehydration and oxidative degradation of polyhydric alcohols, especially secondary alcohols.
TIB KAT 256 can be charged up front with other reactants, and requires no special handling other than avoiding excessive exposure to moisture.
TIB KAT 256 can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds or as a source of tin in various chemical reactions.
Due to these concerns, the use of certain organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, has been restricted or regulated in many countries.
TIB KAT 256 is important to handle and dispose of such compounds responsibly and in accordance with local regulations to minimize their potential impact on the environment and human health.
TIB KAT 256 is an amorphous white solid phase transfer catalysts.
TIB KAT 256 is an organotin compound that contains a tin atom bonded to two butyl groups (C4H10) and an oxygen atom.
TIB KAT 256 has various applications in different industries.
One of its significant uses is as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Another application of TIB KAT 256 is as a stabilizer in the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
TIB KAT 256 is usually encountered as a white solid or a colorless powder.
TIB KAT 256 is a colorless solid that, when pure, is insoluble in organic solvents.
TIB KAT 256 acts as a catalyst for the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which leads to the formation of polyurethane foam.
TIB KAT 256, facilitates the reaction and enhances the curing process of the foam.
Boiling point: 350 °C
Density: 1,46 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 24.4Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 9.5mg/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
form: powder to crystal
color: White to Almost white
Specific Gravity: 1.46
Water Solubility: 317-3200μg/L at 20℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
LogP: 0.2-1.477 at 20-25℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: HYDROXYTIB KAT 256
FDA 21 CFR: 175.300; 177.2420
CAS DataBase Reference: 2273-43-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: G34WDA7Z2E
EPA Substance Registry System: Stannane, butylhydroxyoxo- (2273-43-0)
TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds can persist in the environment for a considerable period.
They have been found to resist degradation and can remain in soil, sediment, and water for extended periods of time.
This persistence increases the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
Organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, have the ability to bioaccumulate in organisms.
This means that they can build up in the tissues of living organisms over time.
As a result, organisms higher up in the food chain, such as predators, can accumulate higher concentrations of these compounds due to biomagnification.
TIB KAT 256 can have detrimental effects on ecosystems.
TIB KAT 256 has been observed to cause reproductive abnormalities, growth inhibition, and immune system suppression in various aquatic organisms.
These impacts can disrupt the ecological balance and pose risks to the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.
When handling TIB KAT 256 or working in environments where it is used, it is essential to follow proper occupational safety measures.
This includes wearing appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, to prevent direct contact or inhalation of the compound.
Several international conventions and agreements address the use and environmental impact of organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256
However, it is worth noting that organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, have raised concerns regarding their environmental and health effects.
They can be toxic to aquatic organisms and have been implicated in various adverse effects on marine life.
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including TIB KAT 256.
TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds have been used in agricultural applications.
They have been employed as biocides and fungicides to control pests and diseases in crops.
TIB KAT 256 can participate in various chemical reactions due to the reactivity of the tin atom and the organic groups attached to it.
It can undergo transesterification reactions, esterification reactions, and oxidative coupling reactions with appropriate reactants.
TIB KAT 256 has been employed in the field of polymer chemistry.
It has been used as a catalyst for the synthesis of certain polymers, such as polyesters and polyurethanes.
The presence of tin in the polymer backbone can impart specific properties to the resulting material.
In response to the environmental concerns associated with organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, ongoing research focuses on finding suitable substitutes.
Scientists are exploring alternative catalysts, stabilizers, and biocides that offer similar performance but with reduced environmental impacts.
Various analytical methods are available for the detection and quantification of TIB KAT 256 in different matrices.
These methods may include techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS).
TIB KAT 256 should be stored and handled properly to minimize risks.
TIB KAT 256 should be kept in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
Adequate ventilation and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used during handling to ensure safety.
In the event of a spill, leak, or accidental exposure to TIB KAT 256, appropriate emergency procedures should be followed.
This may include evacuating the area, containing the spill, and contacting relevant authorities for guidance on cleanup and disposal.
The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade includes provisions related to the trade and handling of certain TIB KAT 256.
Proper disposal of TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds is crucial to prevent their release into the environment.
TIB KAT 256 can be toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly invertebrates and fish.
TIB KAT 256 and other organotin compounds are known to exhibit toxic properties.
They can have harmful effects on various organisms, including humans.
The specific toxic effects may vary depending on the concentration and duration of exposure.
TIB KAT 256 can interfere with the reproductive systems of these organisms, leading to reproductive abnormalities and impaired development.
In humans, exposure to TIB KAT 256 can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Studies have suggested that organotin compounds may have endocrine-disrupting properties, affecting hormonal balance and reproductive health.
They have been associated with adverse effects on the immune system, liver, and nervous system.
Due to the environmental and health concerns associated with organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, many countries and international organizations have implemented regulations to restrict or phase out their use.
The use of tributyltin (TBT) compounds, including TIB KAT 256, in antifouling paints for ships has been banned or severely restricted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) since 2008.
The European Union (EU) has implemented the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation, which includes provisions for controlling and restricting the use of hazardous substances, including certain organotin compounds.
In response to the regulatory restrictions and environmental concerns, efforts have been made to develop alternative substances and technologies to replace organotin compounds in various applications.
Uses:
TIB KAT 256 is widely used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
It facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, promoting the formation and curing of the foam.
TIB KAT 256 serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
It helps prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation, thereby extending the lifespan of PVC products.
TIB KAT 256 can be used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds.
It is involved in various reactions to produce compounds used in industries such as plastics, coatings, and agriculture.
TIB KAT 256 can be utilized as an additive in the production of various polymers.
TIB KAT 256 can act as a cross-linking agent in certain polymer systems.
It helps create stronger chemical bonds between polymer chains, improving the mechanical properties and stability of the resulting material.
TIB KAT 256 has been employed in coatings and paints.
It can enhance the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and improve its durability and resistance to environmental factors.
TIB KAT 256 is sometimes incorporated into adhesive formulations to improve their bonding strength and performance.
It can aid in the curing process and enhance the adhesive properties.
TIB KAT 256 has been used in the textile industry as a chemical additive or finishing agent.
It may provide certain functional properties to textiles, such as antimicrobial or water-repellent properties.
TIB KAT 256 has exhibited antifungal properties and has been studied for its potential use in antifungal formulations.
It may help inhibit the growth of fungi and prevent fungal infections in various applications, such as agricultural crops or wood protection.
TIB KAT 256 can be employed in the rubber industry as a processing aid or cross-linking agent.
TIB KAT 256 has been utilized in textile printing processes as a catalyst or stabilizer for specific dyes and pigments.
It may assist in achieving desired color fixation and improve the wash-fastness of printed designs on textiles.
TIB KAT 256 is sometimes used as a reagent in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemicals, or fine chemicals.
Its unique properties and reactivity make it useful in specific chemical transformations.
In the past, certain organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, were used as fuel additives in gasoline to improve its octane rating and reduce engine knocking.
However, the use of organotin compounds in gasoline has been phased out due to environmental and health concerns.
TIB KAT 256 continues to be used in research and development laboratories for various applications.
It may be utilized as a starting material or catalyst in the synthesis of novel compounds or in the development of new processes.
TIB KAT 256 can participate in various chemical reactions as a catalyst or reactant.
TIB KAT 256 can serve as a source of tin in certain chemical reactions.
It can be used as a precursor to introduce tin atoms into various materials or compounds.
In the past, organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 256, were used as biocides and fungicides in agricultural applications.
TIB KAT 256 the use of such compounds in agriculture has been phased out or restricted due to environmental concerns and potential impacts on non-target organisms.
TIB KAT 256 is sometimes used in research and development settings as a reagent or catalyst in various chemical reactions and polymerizations.
TIB KAT 256 is used as a reagent and a catalyst.
In organic synthesis, among its many applications, it is particularly useful in directing regioselective O-alkylation, acylation, and sulfonation reactions for diols and polyol.
TIB KAT 256 has been used in the regioselective tosylation (a specific type of sulfonation) of certain polyols to selectively tosylate primary alcohols and exocyclic alcohols over more sterically-hindered alcohols.
TIB KAT 256 also finds use as a transesterification catalyst.
TIB KAT 256, when used as a stabilizer or additive in polymer production, can enhance the performance and durability of the resulting materials.
It can improve the resistance to heat, UV radiation, and degradation, leading to longer-lasting products with enhanced properties.
TIB KAT 256 has been utilized in various industries, including construction, automotive, textiles, and coatings.
Its versatility allows for its use in a wide range of applications, contributing to the development of diverse products with desired characteristics.
As a catalyst, TIB KAT 256 enables faster and more efficient chemical reactions, reducing processing times and energy consumption in certain manufacturing processes.
TIB KAT 256 can lead to improved productivity and cost savings for industries that utilize.
While the use of organotin compounds as biocides, including TIB KAT 256, has been phased out or restricted, their historical use as biocides in applications such as antifouling paints helped prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls.
This contributed to improved vessel performance and fuel efficiency.
TIB KAT 256, as a reagent or catalyst, continues to be utilized in research and development laboratories for various scientific investigations and studies.
Its unique properties and reactivity make it valuable for exploring new chemical transformations and developing innovative materials and processes.
TIB KAT 256, such as dibutyltin dilaurate are widely used curing catalysts for the production of silicones and polyurethanes.
Butyltin hydroxide oxide hydrate can be used: As a starting material for the preparation of 1,3,2-oxathiastannolane derivatives.
TIB KAT 256 used to prepare polyethylene oxide (PEO) ionomer i.e, PEO600/sulphoisophthalate Na ionomer.
TIB KAT 256 used to prepare sulfonated copolyester (SPE) polymers.
Safety Profile:
TIB KAT 256 is toxic to aquatic organisms, particularly invertebrates and fish.
It can interfere with their reproductive systems, leading to reproductive abnormalities and impaired development.
Exposure to TIB KAT 256 can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
Studies have suggested that TIB KAT 256s may have endocrine-disrupting properties, meaning they can interfere with hormonal balance.
They have been associated with adverse effects on the immune system, liver, and nervous system in humans.
TIB KAT 256, can persist in the environment for extended periods.
They resist degradation and can accumulate in soil, sediment, and water.
This persistence increases the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
Due to the environmental and health concerns associated with TIB KAT 256, many countries and international organizations have implemented regulations to restrict or phase out their use.
For example, the use of tributyltin (TBT) compounds, including TIB KAT 256, in antifouling paints for ships has been banned or severely restricted.