Quick Search
TIB KAT 318 is an organotin catalyst commonly used in polyurethane chemistry.
TIB KAT 318 facilitates the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, particularly enhancing the curing of polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
CAS Number: 77-58-7
Synonyms:
Dibutyltin dilaurate,DBTDL,TBT dilaurate,Bis(dibutyltin) dilaurate,Tin, dibutylbis
Introduction
Organotin catalysts play a vital role in the polymer industry, especially in polyurethane (PU) synthesis.
Polyurethanes are versatile polymers formed by reacting isocyanates with polyols.
The curing and shaping of PU materials depend significantly on catalysts that accelerate these reactions under controlled conditions.
The TIB KAT series represents a class of organotin catalysts specifically designed to optimize the polymerization process.
Among them, TIB KAT 318 is highly regarded due to its balance between catalytic activity and handling safety.
It provides efficient reaction rates, enabling fine control over curing times and product properties, which is essential in diverse PU applications, including flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Chemical Identity of TIB KAT 318
CAS Number: 77-58-7
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: Approximately 582 g/mol
Chemical Structure:
TIB KAT 318 is chemically known as dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL).
It consists of a tin (Sn) atom coordinated with two butyl groups and two laurate (dodecanoate) ligands.
Its structure facilitates lipophilicity and compatibility with organic polymer matrices.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Density: Approx. 1.06 g/cm³ at 25°C
Boiling Point: 320-330°C (decomposes)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, miscible with organic solvents and polyols
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but sensitive to moisture and acids
Synonyms:
Dibutyltin dilaurate
DBTDL
Tin, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TBT dilaurate
Mechanism of Action
The primary function of TIB KAT 318 is to catalyze the reaction between isocyanate groups (-NCO) and active hydrogen-containing compounds like polyols (-OH) or water.
It accelerates both the urethane (carbamate) formation and urea linkage formation, crucial for PU network development.
Catalytic Pathways:
Urethane Formation: TIB KAT 318 coordinates with the hydroxyl groups in polyols, enhancing their nucleophilicity towards isocyanates, thus lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
Isocyanate-Water Reaction: It promotes the formation of unstable carbamic acid intermediates that decarboxylate to form amines, which further react with isocyanates to form urea linkages, essential in foam expansion.
Comparisons:
Compared to tertiary amine catalysts, TIB KAT 318 generally provides less odor and lower volatility, making it preferable in certain applications.
Its catalytic activity is more selective toward urethane formation, leading to better mechanical properties.
Applications in Polyurethane Chemistry
TIB KAT 318 is widely used due to its efficiency and versatility across multiple polyurethane systems:
Flexible Foams: Enhances curing speed and foam stability, improving resilience and softness in furniture and automotive seats.
Rigid Foams: Accelerates the reaction to provide structural rigidity and thermal insulation in building materials.
Elastomers: Facilitates crosslinking reactions for flexible, durable materials used in seals, gaskets, and wheels.
Coatings: Improves cure rates of PU coatings, contributing to hardness, gloss, and chemical resistance.
Adhesives and Sealants: Optimizes cure and bonding performance, ensuring durability and elasticity.
Formulation and Compatibility
Solubility: TIB KAT 318 dissolves readily in polyether and polyester polyols, as well as common organic solvents like xylene or toluene.
Its lipophilic nature ensures even dispersion in hydrophobic systems.
Concentration: Typical catalyst loadings range from 0.01 to 0.1 wt% depending on the formulation and desired cure speed.
Reactivity Control: TIB KAT 318 allows flexible tuning of pot life and cure time by varying concentration and temperature, enabling adaptation to various production methods such as slabstock foam or reaction injection molding (RIM).
Compatibility: It is compatible with other additives such as surfactants, blowing agents, stabilizers, and chain extenders without deactivation.
Performance Characteristics
Pot Life vs. Cure Speed: TIB KAT 318 balances prolonged pot life with rapid curing, which is critical to avoid premature gelation during processing but achieve fast production cycles.
Heat Resistance: The catalyst supports high-temperature curing reactions, allowing production of heat-resistant polyurethane products.
Hydrolytic Stability: Moderate moisture sensitivity; stable enough for typical polyurethane formulations but requires dry storage.
Aging Behavior: TIB KAT 318 retains catalytic activity over storage times of 6-12 months if protected from moisture and air exposure.
Environmental and Regulatory Aspects
Regulatory Status: As an organotin compound, TIB KAT 318 is subject to regulation under chemical safety laws such as REACH (EU) and GHS classifications due to potential environmental persistence.
Restrictions: Use is often limited to industrial applications with proper handling protocols. Some countries restrict organotin use in consumer products.
Disposal: Waste containing TIB KAT 318 must be handled as hazardous, with disposal through authorized chemical waste processes to minimize environmental contamination.
Environmental Impact: Organotin compounds can be bioaccumulative; however, their immobilization within cured polyurethane matrices reduces risk during product life.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TIB KAT 318
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
