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Timnodonic acid is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with the molecular formula C20H30O2, consisting of 20 carbon atoms and five cis double bonds, the first of which is positioned at the third carbon from the methyl end, classifying it as an omega-3 fatty acid.
In biological systems, Timnodonic acid plays an essential role as a structural component of cell membranes and as a metabolic precursor for bioactive lipid mediators known as eicosanoids—including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes—which regulate inflammation, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and immune function.
Industrially, Timnodonic acid is typically extracted from fish oil or produced via algal fermentation and refined into concentrated forms used in nutritional supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical products aimed at promoting cardiovascular, neurological, and overall metabolic health.
CAS Number: 10417-94-4
EC Number: 233-944-9
Molecular Formula: C20H30O2
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
Synonyms: EPA, Timnodonic Acid, 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid, All-cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid, (20:5 n-3), EPA Omega-3 Fatty Acid, Eicosapentaenoate, Eicosapentaenoic Acid from Fish Oil, Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, EPA, Timnodonic Acid, Icosapentaenoic Acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-Eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid, 20:5(n‑3), FA20:5, Omega‑3 EPA, Long‑chain omega‑3 fatty acid, Marine omega‑3, Eicosapentaenoate, Eicosapentaenoic ω‑3, EPA ethyl ester, Ethyl eicosapentaenoate, Timnodonic Acid ethyl ester, Icosapent Ethyl, Vascepa, Pure EPA, EPA‑TG (triglyceride), EPA‑PC (phosphatidylcholine), EPA rTG (re‑esterified triglyceride), Ethyl‑EPA, Fish oil EPA, Algal EPA, Microalgal EPA, Yarrowia-derived EPA, EPA supplement, EPA capsule, EPA oil, EPA oxidized-free grade, Pharmaceutical EPA, Pharmaceutical-grade EPA, Food‑grade EPA, Reagent-grade EPA, Research-grade EPA, EPA triglyceride form, EPA ethyl ester form, EPA phospholipid form, EPA oil, EPA concentrate, EPA powder, EPA nutritional, EPA nutraceutical, EPA dietary supplement, EPA cardioprotective agent, EPA anti-inflammatory fatty acid, EPA anti-depressant omega‑3, EPA mental health agent, EPA joint health
Timnodonic acid is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with the chemical formula C₂₀H₃₀O₂, belonging to the class of n-3 fatty acids.
Structurally, Timnodonic acid contains 20 carbon atoms and five cis double bonds, the first of which is located at the third carbon from the methyl end, making it a key representative of omega-3 fatty acids.
Timnodonic acid is found mainly in marine oils, particularly in cold-water fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies, as well as in certain microalgae.
Biologically, Timnodonic acid plays a vital role in modulating inflammation, cardiovascular function, and cell signaling, as it serves as a precursor to eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes that influence vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and immune responses.
Timnodonic acid is also involved in maintaining membrane fluidity and supporting neurological health, often working synergistically with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Industrially, Timnodonic acid is extracted and concentrated from fish oil or algal oil and formulated into dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical preparations aimed at promoting heart, brain, and joint health.
Owing to its strong physiological effects and recognized health benefits, Timnodonic acid is considered an essential component of human nutrition and a valuable bioactive lipid in both clinical and commercial applications.
Timnodonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with five cis double bonds and a 20-carbon backbone.
Timnodonic acid is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid at room temperature, with a faint fishy odor.
Timnodonic acid is most abundantly found in oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines.
Timnodonic acid is synthesized in the body from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), though this conversion is limited.
Timnodonic acid is a precursor to eicosanoids—signaling molecules that regulate inflammation and immunity.
Timnodonic acid competes with arachidonic acid in metabolic pathways to produce less inflammatory compounds.
Timnodonic acid is often stabilized with antioxidants like vitamin E to prevent oxidation.
Timnodonic acid is commercially available in triglyceride, ethyl ester, and phospholipid forms.
Timnodonic acid is frequently combined with DHA for synergistic health benefits.
Timnodonic acid has low toxicity and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food and supplements.
Timnodonic acid is sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, requiring proper storage and handling.
Timnodonic acid is a widely studied compound with a well-established role in human health.
Timnodonic acid is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in marine sources and algae.
Timnodonic acid is chemically classified as C20:5 n-3, containing five double bonds.
Timnodonic acid plays a key role in modulating inflammatory processes in the body.
Timnodonic acid is naturally abundant in fatty fish such as mackerel, salmon, and sardines.
Timnodonic acid is essential for maintaining cardiovascular and neurological health.
Timnodonic acid is often combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in omega-3 supplements.
Timnodonic acid helps reduce levels of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Timnodonic acid is biosynthesized from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in limited quantities in the human body.
Timnodonic acid is available in both natural fish oil and purified ethyl ester or triglyceride forms.
Timnodonic acid is widely studied for its therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Timnodonic acid is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with the molecular formula C₂₀H₃₀O₂, consisting of 20 carbon atoms and five cis double bonds, the first of which is positioned at the third carbon from the methyl end, classifying it as an omega-3 fatty acid.
Timnodonic acid occurs naturally in significant amounts in the oils of cold-water marine fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel, and anchovies, as well as in certain species of microalgae that serve as the primary producers in the marine food chain.
In biological systems, Timnodonic acid plays an essential role as a structural component of cell membranes and as a metabolic precursor for bioactive lipid mediators known as eicosanoids—including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes—which regulate critical physiological processes such as inflammation, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and immune function.
Through these pathways, Timnodonic acid has been linked to cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory effects, improved lipid metabolism, and potential benefits in neurological and psychiatric health.
Timnodonic acid also contributes to maintaining membrane fluidity and supports signaling mechanisms in the central nervous system, often acting synergistically with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to promote cognitive performance and visual development.
Industrially, Timnodonic acid is typically extracted from fish oil or produced via algal fermentation and subsequently refined into highly concentrated forms used in nutritional supplements, functional foods, infant formulas, and pharmaceutical products designed to manage or prevent conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.
Timnodonic acid's recognized safety, essentiality in human nutrition, and growing body of clinical evidence supporting its health benefits make Timnodonic acid one of the most valuable omega-3 fatty acids in both the healthcare and food industries, bridging nutritional science, clinical medicine, and global consumer health markets.
Market Overview of Timnodonic Acid:
The global omega-3 market, which includes Timnodonic acid as a key component, was estimated at USD 2.62 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 4.45 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of ~7.9 % from 2024 to 2030.
In the more specific EPA + DHA ingredient market, the size was approximately USD 2.38 billion in 2024, with robust growth expected in coming years.
Another forecast puts the combined EPA/DHA ingredient market at USD 3.06 billion in 2023, rising to about USD 6.13 billion by 2033 (CAGR ~7.2 %).
Driving this growth are increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits of Timnodonic acid and omega-3s more broadly — particularly for cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive health — coupled with rising demand for fortified foods, dietary supplements, and functional nutrition products.
The shift toward cleaner, sustainable sources (e.g. algal oil instead of fish oil) is also influencing supply dynamics and product innovation.
Regionally, North America currently dominates in revenue share — owing to high consumer spending power, established supplement markets, and regulatory support — while Asia-Pacific is often projected to show the fastest growth, driven by rising health consciousness, expanding middle classes, and greater nutritional supplement adoption.
In short, Timnodonic acid’s market is embedded within the broader omega-3 and EPA/DHA ingredient industry, which is growing steadily under the influence of health trends, technological improvements, sustainability pressures, and geographical expansion of demand.
Uses of Timnodonic Acid:
Timnodonic acid is widely used across nutrition, medicine, and industry due to its powerful physiological functions and health benefits.
In human nutrition, Timnodonic acid is incorporated into dietary supplements and functional foods to support cardiovascular health, reduce triglyceride levels, and provide anti-inflammatory protection, while prescription formulations such as icosapent ethyl deliver highly purified Timnodonic acid for the clinical management of hypertriglyceridemia and reduction of cardiovascular risk.
Beyond heart health, Timnodonic acid is employed in clinical nutrition to help manage conditions such as cancer-associated cachexia, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory disorders, owing to its ability to generate bioactive lipid mediators that regulate immune and inflammatory responses.
In neurological applications, Timnodonic acid contributes to membrane fluidity and neurotransmitter regulation, making it valuable for supporting mood stability, cognitive health, and neurodevelopment when combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Timnodonic acid is also used in cosmetics and skin care products for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects, enhancing skin elasticity and reducing irritation.
Additionally, Timnodonic acid has a strong role in aquaculture and animal nutrition, where it is added to fish feed, shrimp diets, and pet foods to promote healthy growth, reproductive success, and immune system function.
This wide spectrum of uses underscores Timnodonic acid’s importance as a versatile omega-3 fatty acid that bridges clinical, nutritional, cosmetic, and agricultural applications.
Timnodonic acid is used in cardiovascular health supplements to reduce triglyceride levels and support heart function.
Timnodonic acid is included in fish oil capsules to help lower blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.
Timnodonic acid is used in combination with DHA to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Timnodonic acid is applied in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.
Timnodonic acid is included in clinical nutrition products for critically ill patients to modulate immune response.
Timnodonic acid is used in the management of depression and cognitive decline due to its role in brain function.
Timnodonic acid is utilized in infant formula formulations to support neurological development.
Timnodonic acid is found in prenatal vitamins to enhance maternal health and fetal growth.
Timnodonic acid is included in pet nutrition supplements to promote coat quality and joint health.
Timnodonic acid is used in dermatological products for its anti-inflammatory effects on skin conditions.
Timnodonic acid is formulated into anti-aging creams and serums to protect against oxidative stress.
Timnodonic acid is included in wound healing products to accelerate tissue repair and reduce inflammation.
Timnodonic acid is used in food fortification, including enriched eggs, dairy, and bakery products.
Timnodonic acid is included in fortified beverages and functional bars to deliver omega-3 benefits.
Timnodonic acid is added to margarine and spreads as a heart-healthy ingredient.
Timnodonic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as an active ingredient in triglyceride-lowering medications.
Timnodonic acid is included in prescription-grade omega-3 drugs approved for hyperlipidemia management.
Timnodonic acid is formulated as an ethyl ester or free fatty acid for enhanced absorption and bioavailability.
Timnodonic acid is applied in clinical trials exploring its effects on inflammation, cancer, and metabolic syndrome.
Timnodonic acid is used in sports nutrition to support muscle recovery and reduce exercise-induced inflammation.
Timnodonic acid is included in formulations targeting dry eye syndrome and macular degeneration.
Timnodonic acid is added to animal feed for aquaculture species to improve growth and immunity.
Timnodonic acid is used in veterinary formulations to manage inflammatory diseases in pets and livestock.
Timnodonic acid is incorporated into nutraceuticals marketed for healthy aging and cognitive performance.
Timnodonic acid is used in cardiovascular supplements to help lower triglyceride levels.
Timnodonic acid is included in omega-3 capsules for heart health maintenance.
Timnodonic acid is applied in formulations aimed at reducing inflammation in joints.
Timnodonic acid is used in brain health supplements to support cognitive function.
Timnodonic acid is added to prenatal vitamins to support fetal development.
Timnodonic acid is used in elderly nutrition products to support memory retention.
Timnodonic acid is included in sports nutrition products to aid recovery and reduce muscle soreness.
Timnodonic acid is used in supplements targeting eye health and macular degeneration.
Timnodonic acid is applied in joint health supplements for reducing stiffness and pain.
Timnodonic acid is included in natural anti-inflammatory remedies.
Timnodonic acid is used in chronic pain management formulations.
Timnodonic acid is used in dietary regimens for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Timnodonic acid is included in supplements to help manage ADHD symptoms.
Timnodonic acid is used in weight loss products to reduce inflammation-induced fat retention.
Timnodonic acid is added to vegan DHA+EPA softgels derived from algae.
Timnodonic acid is used in immune-boosting supplements for its anti-inflammatory action.
Timnodonic acid is used in skin care capsules to support hydration and elasticity.
Timnodonic acid is applied in supplements for managing depression symptoms.
Timnodonic acid is included in mood-enhancing formulations.
Timnodonic acid is used in cognitive support supplements for students.
Timnodonic acid is included in cardiovascular health drinks.
Timnodonic acid is used in brain health beverages.
Timnodonic acid is used in capsule blends with CoQ10 for enhanced heart support.
Timnodonic acid is used in softgel combinations with DHA for comprehensive omega-3 support.
Timnodonic acid is added to chewable omega-3 gummies for children.
Timnodonic acid is used in therapeutic nutrition for cancer patients.
Timnodonic acid is included in inflammatory bowel disease management supplements.
Timnodonic acid is used in lipid-modifying therapy support formulations.
Timnodonic acid is used in anti-aging supplements.
Timnodonic acid is included in combination products for metabolic syndrome support.
Timnodonic acid is used in supplements targeting blood pressure control.
Timnodonic acid is applied in dermatological supplements for acne-prone skin.
Timnodonic acid is used in veterinary nutrition for pets with joint inflammation.
Timnodonic acid is added to dog food for cognitive support in aging pets.
Timnodonic acid is used in cat supplements for cardiovascular and coat health.
Timnodonic acid is used in aquaculture feed to promote fish health and growth.
Timnodonic acid is used in poultry feed to improve egg fatty acid profiles.
Timnodonic acid is added to livestock feed to enhance meat nutritional value.
Timnodonic acid is included in parenteral nutrition for ICU patients.
Timnodonic acid is used in post-surgery recovery supplements.
Timnodonic acid is used in research on brain inflammation and neurodegeneration.
Timnodonic acid is applied in studies investigating cardiovascular disease prevention.
Timnodonic acid is used in eye supplements for diabetic retinopathy support.
Timnodonic acid is used in lifestyle intervention programs as a key dietary lipid.
Timnodonic acid is included in functional snacks to boost healthy fat intake.
Timnodonic acid is used in aging wellness formulations.
Timnodonic acid is applied in anti-fatigue supplements.
Timnodonic acid is used in fertility support products for men and women.
Timnodonic acid is incorporated into omega-3 fortified juices and smoothies.
Timnodonic acid is used in transdermal patches for omega-3 delivery.
Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods:
Timnodonic acid supplements (often combined with DHA) are widely consumed to support cardiovascular health, reduce triglyceride levels, and promote brain and joint health.
Food fortification uses Timnodonic acid in products such as milk, yogurt, infant formula, and nutritional beverages to enhance their omega-3 profile.
Pharmaceutical Applications:
Prescription omega-3 drugs (e.g., icosapent ethyl) provide highly purified Timnodonic acid for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Clinical nutrition incorporates Timnodonic acid to manage cachexia, inflammation, and immune function in patients with cancer, chronic kidney disease, or other severe conditions.
Cardiovascular and Anti-Inflammatory Health:
Timnodonic acid serves as a precursor for anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and resolvins, which help regulate vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and inflammatory responses.
Medical research supports Timnodonic acid's role in reducing risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.
Neurological and Cognitive Support:
Timnodonic acid contributes to membrane fluidity and neurotransmitter function in the brain, with applications in supporting mood stability and mitigating symptoms of depression.
Nutritional therapies often combine Timnodonic acid with DHA for synergistic benefits in neurodevelopment and cognitive aging.
Cosmetics and Skin Care:
Timnodonic acid-enriched oils are used in skin care formulations for their moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, helping improve skin elasticity and reduce redness.
Animal Nutrition and Aquaculture:
Timnodonic acid is incorporated into aquafeeds for farmed fish and shrimp to promote healthy growth, reproduction, and immune function.
Pet nutrition uses Timnodonic acid to support coat health, joint mobility, and overall well-being.
Benefits of Timnodonic Acid:
Timnodonic acid offers numerous health and functional benefits that make it a highly valued omega-3 fatty acid in both clinical and commercial applications.
One of its primary advantages is its role in cardiovascular protection, as Timnodonic acid has been shown to significantly reduce blood triglyceride levels, improve vascular function, and lower the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Timnodonic acid also exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties by serving as a precursor for specialized pro-resolving mediators such as resolvins and protectins, which help regulate immune responses, reduce chronic inflammation, and alleviate symptoms in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
In the nervous system, Timnodonic acid contributes to cognitive and mental health by supporting neuronal membrane fluidity and modulating neurotransmitter activity, with evidence suggesting benefits for mood regulation and the management of depression when used alongside DHA.
In clinical nutrition, Timnodonic acid helps combat cachexia and muscle wasting associated with cancer and chronic illnesses, improving quality of life for patients.
Beyond human health, Timnodonic acid also benefits skin and cosmetic formulations with moisturizing and anti-aging effects, and it enhances animal nutrition and aquaculture by promoting growth, reproductive health, and disease resistance in farmed species.
Collectively, Timnodonic acid’s benefits span cardiovascular wellness, immune balance, cognitive support, and industrial utility, establishing it as one of the most versatile and impactful omega-3 fatty acids available.
Production of Timnodonic Acid:
Timnodonic acid is primarily produced from marine and algal sources, with fish oil being the most traditional and widely used raw material.
Cold-water fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel, and anchovies contain high levels of Timnodonic acid in the form of triglycerides and phospholipids, which are extracted from fish tissues through wet pressing or enzymatic hydrolysis.
The crude fish oil is then refined to remove impurities, followed by molecular distillation or supercritical CO₂ extraction to concentrate the Timnodonic acid fraction and separate it from other fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
To meet pharmaceutical and nutraceutical standards, Timnodonic acid is often further processed into highly purified forms such as ethyl esters or free fatty acids, yielding concentrates exceeding 90% purity for clinical applications like prescription drugs.
In addition to marine sources, microalgae cultivation has emerged as a sustainable and vegetarian-friendly production route, where algal biomass is fermented or cultivated in photobioreactors and then subjected to solvent extraction and purification steps to isolate Timnodonic acid-rich oils.
Advances in biotechnology, including genetic engineering of oilseed crops and microbial fermentation systems, are also being explored to expand Timnodonic acid production beyond traditional fisheries and reduce dependency on marine ecosystems.
These combined methods ensure a steady, scalable supply of Timnodonic acid for use in supplements, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and aquaculture feeds, while ongoing innovation focuses on improving yields, lowering production costs, and enhancing environmental sustainability.
History of Timnodonic Acid:
The history of Timnodonic acid traces back to the mid-20th century, when researchers first identified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine oils and began linking them to human health.
Early studies in the 1970s on Inuit populations in Greenland revealed remarkably low incidences of cardiovascular disease despite a diet rich in fat, sparking scientific interest in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly Timnodonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as protective dietary components.
By the 1980s, biochemical research had demonstrated that Timnodonic acid could serve as a precursor to specialized eicosanoids—prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes—that differed significantly from those derived from arachidonic acid, thereby reducing platelet aggregation and inflammatory responses.
This discovery marked a turning point in understanding how dietary fatty acids influence inflammation, cardiovascular risk, and immune function.
During the 1990s and 2000s, Timnodonic acid gained increasing recognition in clinical nutrition and preventive medicine, leading to the development of high-purity Timnodonic acid formulations such as icosapent ethyl, which became an FDA-approved drug for hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Parallel to medical advances, the food and supplement industries adopted fish oil concentrates as sources of Timnodonic acid, while sustainability concerns encouraged the development of algal-based Timnodonic acid production as a renewable alternative.
Today, Timnodonic acid’s history reflects a journey from basic biochemical discovery to a cornerstone of nutritional science, preventive healthcare, and pharmaceutical innovation, underscoring its pivotal role in bridging diet, metabolism, and chronic disease prevention.
Handling and Storage of Timnodonic Acid:
Handling:
Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
Prevent inhalation of vapors or mists if Timnodonic acid is in oil form.
Use in well-ventilated areas.
Practice good hygiene; wash hands after handling.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry place away from heat, direct sunlight, and oxidizing agents.
Because Timnodonic acid is prone to oxidation, it should be protected with antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and stored under inert gas (nitrogen/argon) where possible.
Refrigeration or cool storage extends shelf life.
Stability and Reactivity of Timnodonic Acid:
Stability:
Timnodonic acid is stable under recommended storage conditions but readily oxidizes when exposed to air, light, or heat, forming peroxides and aldehydes.
Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, light, and prolonged exposure to air.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizers, strong acids, and bases.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon oxides (CO, CO₂) and irritating smoke or fumes may form upon thermal decomposition or combustion.
First Aid Measures of Timnodonic Acid:
Inhalation:
If mist or vapor is inhaled, move the person to fresh air.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists.
Skin Contact:
Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation occurs, get medical advice.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present.
Continue rinsing and seek medical attention if irritation continues.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
In case of discomfort or accidental ingestion of large amounts, seek medical assistance.
Firefighting Measures of Timnodonic Acid:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray.
Unsuitable Media:
Strong water jets may spread the burning material.
Fire Hazards:
Combustible at high temperatures; burning Timnodonic acid can produce dense smoke and irritating fumes.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Accidental Release Measures of Timnodonic Acid:
Personal Precautions:
Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid inhalation of vapors.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent large spills from entering drains, surface waters, or soil.
Cleanup Methods:
Absorb spill with inert material (sand, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite), collect in containers for disposal.
Wash contaminated area with detergent and water.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Timnodonic Acid:
Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust ventilation if vapors or mists are generated.
Respiratory Protection:
Normally not required; use an approved respirator if exposure to vapors, mists, or aerosols exceeds limits.
Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.
Skin Protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile) and protective clothing.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands, forearms, and face thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using this product.
Identifiers of Timnodonic Acid:
CAS Number: 10417-94-4
EC Number (EINECS): 233-334-2
PubChem CID: 446284
ChemSpider ID: 393933
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:28364
UNII (FDA): 7TDU7FLP0O
KEGG Compound ID: C06429
Beilstein Registry Number: 2221267
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h5-19H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b6-5-,9-8-,12-11-,15-14-,18-17-
InChI Key: YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DPAQBDIFSA-N
SMILES: CCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC(=O)O
Chemical Class: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Functional Groups: Carboxylic acid group (–COOH) + multiple cis double bonds
Common Name: Timnodonic acid
Abbreviation: EPA
IUPAC Name: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid
CAS Number: 10417-94-4
EC/EINECS Number: 233-334-2
PubChem CID: 446284
ChemSpider ID: 393933
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:28364
UNII (FDA): 7TDU7FLP0O
KEGG Compound ID: C06429
Beilstein Registry Number: 2221267
HMDB ID: HMDB0001999
LIPID MAPS ID: LMFA01030005
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h5-19H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b6-5-,9-8-,12-11-,15-14-,18-17-
InChI Key: YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DPAQBDIFSA-N
SMILES (Canonical): CCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC(=O)O
Chemical Class: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Functional Groups: Carboxylic acid group (–COOH) and five cis double bonds
Category: Essential fatty acid, lipid mediator precursor, nutraceutical
Properties of Timnodonic Acid:
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid (in pure form); often found in fish oils or algal oils
Odor: Mild fatty or fish-like odor (depends on source and purity)
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
Chemical Class: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Density: ~0.93 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Melting Point: −54 °C (approx.)
Boiling Point: ~446.5 °C at 760 mmHg (decomposes before actual boiling)
Flash Point: ~230 °C (closed cup)
Refractive Index: n²⁰ᴰ ≈ 1.48–1.49
Viscosity: Low to moderate (mobile liquid at room temperature)
Solubility:
In Water: Practically insoluble
In Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether, and most nonpolar and moderately polar organic solvents
In Oils/Fats: Miscible with other fatty oils and lipids
pKa (carboxyl group): ~4.8
Partition Coefficient (log P): ~6.1 (lipophilic)
Number of Double Bonds: 5 (cis configuration at carbons 5, 8, 11, 14, 17)
Unsaturation: Highly unsaturated (20:5 n-3)
Stability: Sensitive to oxidation; readily forms peroxides and aldehydes when exposed to air, heat, or light
Storage Requirements: Often stabilized with antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E/tocopherols) and stored under nitrogen or argon to prevent degradation
Chemical Name: Timnodonic acid
CAS Number: 10417-94-4
Molecular Formula: C20H30O2
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
Appearance: Pale yellow to colorless oily liquid
Odor: Faint fishy odor
Density: ~0.94 g/cm³
Melting Point: -54°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents (ethanol, chloroform, hexane)
Flash Point: >180°C
Acid Value: Typically >180 mg KOH/g
Iodine Value: ~250–300
Stability: Prone to oxidation; stabilized with antioxidants
Storage: Store in a cool, dark place under nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere
Shelf Life: 12–24 months with proper storage
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid in pure form; may darken on oxidation
Odor: Mild fatty or slightly fish-like odor depending on purity and source
Taste: Oily, characteristic fish oil taste (in natural extracts)
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 302.45 g/mol
Chemical Class: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Functional Groups: Terminal carboxylic acid group (–COOH) and five cis double bonds (unsaturation sites)
Density: 0.927–0.933 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Melting Point: −54 °C (very low, remains liquid at freezer temperatures)
Boiling Point: ~446–448 °C at 760 mmHg (decomposes before boiling)
Flash Point: ~230 °C (closed cup)
Refractive Index: n²⁰ᴰ ≈ 1.483–1.490
Viscosity: ~58–65 mPa·s at 25 °C
Surface Tension: ~28–32 mN/m (at 25 °C, estimated)
Critical Pressure (Pc): ~1.3 MPa (estimated, supercritical CO₂ extraction relevance)
Solubility:
Water: Practically insoluble (<0.1 mg/L at 25 °C)
Ethanol: Soluble
Chloroform / Ether: Soluble
Hexane / Nonpolar solvents: Soluble
Oils/Fats: Miscible with most natural oils and triglycerides
pKa (carboxyl group): 4.75–4.85
LogP (partition coefficient): ~6.1 (highly lipophilic)
Double Bonds: 5 (cis configuration at carbons 5, 8, 11, 14, 17)
Unsaturation Index: High (20:5, n-3 fatty acid)
Oxidation Stability: Poor; highly prone to peroxidation in air/light/heat
Shelf Life: Typically 6–12 months (extended with antioxidants and inert gas packaging)
