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DESCRIPTION
Tinuvin 234 is a light stabilizer and UV absorber commonly used in various applications to protect materials from the degrading effects of UV radiation.
Tinuvin 234 belongs to a class of chemical compounds known as benzotriazines, and it is widely employed in the plastics, coatings, and adhesives industries to extend the lifespan and maintain the integrity of products exposed to sunlight.
CAS NUMBER 25973-55-1
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SYNONYMS
UV Absorber 234,Benzotriazole UV stabilizer,UV-234,2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol,4-Methyl-2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol
OVERVIEW OF UV DEGRADATION:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is one of the primary causes of degradation in various materials, particularly polymers, coatings, and textiles.
This radiation can break down chemical bonds in the polymer chain, leading to reduced strength, discoloration, and brittleness.
Over time, this degradation can compromise the performance and appearance of products exposed to sunlight, which is particularly significant for outdoor applications.
Importance of UV Stabilizers:
UV stabilizers are compounds that protect materials from the harmful effects of UV radiation by absorbing or reflecting UV light.
They work by preventing the formation of free radicals or by neutralizing them, thereby preserving the integrity and longevity of the material.
Introduction to TINUVIN 234:
TINUVIN 234, also known as 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-p-cresol, is a high-performance UV stabilizer, primarily used in industrial applications to protect polymers, coatings, and other materials from UV-induced degradation.
TINUVIN 234 is an effective UV absorber and stabilizer, which significantly enhances the durability and appearance of products.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF TINUVIN 234
Molecular Structure:
TINUVIN 234 belongs to the class of benzotriazole derivatives.
Its structure includes a benzotriazole ring system, which is known for its ability to absorb UV light.
Tinuvin 234 has a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the para position of the methyl group (p-cresol), which aids in stabilizing the polymer matrix.
Functional Groups:
The benzotriazole group is responsible for the UV absorption properties, while the hydroxyl group plays a crucial role in its interaction with the polymer matrix, ensuring the stability of the system.
Mechanism of Action:
TINUVIN 234 absorbs harmful UV radiation in the 290-400 nm range and dissipates the absorbed energy as harmless heat, thus preventing the degradation of the polymer or coating.
Synthesis of TINUVIN 234
Synthesis Process:
TINUVIN 234 can be synthesized through a series of chemical reactions involving the condensation of p-cresol with benzotriazole derivatives under controlled conditions. The reaction typically involves the use of catalysts, solvents, and temperatures that optimize yield and purity.
Precursors and Reagents:
The primary reagents include benzotriazole derivatives, p-cresol, and catalysts such as acidic or basic compounds that facilitate the formation of the benzotriazole-p-cresol linkage.
Solvents like toluene or xylene may be used to dissolve reactants.
Industrial Production:
Large-scale production of TINUVIN 234 involves multi-step synthesis, where intermediate compounds are purified and reacted to form the final product.
The quality of the final product is ensured through stringent quality control and purification techniques such as crystallization or column chromatography.
MECHANISM OF UV STABILIZATION
Absorption of UV Radiation:
The benzotriazole ring in TINUVIN 234 absorbs UV radiation, particularly UV-A and UV-B wavelengths, which are the most damaging to materials.
The compound absorbs this energy and undergoes a reversible excited state transition.
Free Radical Scavenging:
TINUVIN 234 prevents the formation of free radicals by dissipating the absorbed energy into harmless thermal energy, thus avoiding the initiation of photodegradation processes.
Comparison to Other UV Stabilizers:
Other UV stabilizers, such as Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS), work by scavenging free radicals produced during photodegradation, while UV absorbers like TINUVIN 234 work by directly absorbing UV radiation.
The combination of both types of stabilizers can provide comprehensive protection for materials.
APPLICATIONS
Plastics:
TINUVIN 234 is widely used in the plastics industry, particularly in products like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP).
These materials are prone to UV degradation, which can cause cracking, yellowing, and embrittlement over time. TINUVIN 234 helps maintain the integrity and appearance of plastic products.
Coatings:
TINUVIN 234 is used in automotive, industrial, and architectural coatings to prevent fading, discoloration, and loss of mechanical properties due to prolonged exposure to sunlight.
It is particularly useful in exterior paints and coatings, which are subjected to harsh UV radiation.
Fibers and Textiles:
Synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester, which are used in fabrics for outdoor applications, benefit from the UV protection provided by TINUVIN 234.
The stabilizer helps prevent fading, weakening, and degradation of textile materials exposed to sunlight.
Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals:
TINUVIN 234 is used in cosmetic formulations to protect active ingredients from UV degradation. It is also employed in pharmaceutical products that are sensitive to UV light.
PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY
Environmental Performance:
TINUVIN 234 is highly effective in a variety of environmental conditions, including hot, sunny, and humid environments. It enhances the UV resistance of materials without compromising their mechanical properties or optical clarity.
Long-Term Stability:
Studies indicate that TINUVIN 234 can provide long-term protection against UV degradation, with performance extending for years, depending on the concentration used in the material.
Comparative Studies:
In comparison to other stabilizers, TINUVIN 234 demonstrates superior stability and resistance to migration, which means it remains effective even under harsh environmental conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Photodegradation:
While TINUVIN 234 significantly reduces the photodegradation of materials, its own degradation products must be considered.
Some studies indicate that the compound is resistant to breakdown under UV exposure, making it suitable for long-term applications but also necessitating careful disposal practices.
Toxicity and Biodegradability:
Research into the toxicity and biodegradability of TINUVIN 234 shows that it has a relatively low toxicity to aquatic organisms and does not bioaccumulate significantly. However, as with all chemicals, it is important to assess its environmental footprint throughout its life cycle.
Environmental Regulations:
There are ongoing studies to assess the environmental impact of UV stabilizers like TINUVIN 234, and some countries are working on creating guidelines for their use and disposal to minimize potential ecological harm.
HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS
Toxicological Studies:
TINUVIN 234 has been subjected to various toxicological assessments, and the results indicate that it poses minimal risk to human health when used in industrial applications.
However, exposure to large quantities of the compound may require appropriate safety measures, including gloves, goggles, and ventilation.
Regulatory Safety Guidelines:
Regulatory bodies like the U.S. EPA and European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have set guidelines for the safe use of UV stabilizers.
TINUVIN 234 is subject to these regulations to ensure safe handling in industrial processes and consumer products.
Safe Disposal:
The safe disposal of TINUVIN 234 includes guidelines for its containment and disposal in accordance with hazardous waste regulations.
As a non-biodegradable compound, proper waste management is critical to prevent environmental contamination.
REGULATIONS AND MARKET
Regulatory Standards:
TINUVIN 234 is regulated by various authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in cosmetic products, and the European Union’s REACH regulations for its use in industrial and consumer applications.
Market Trends:
The demand for UV stabilizers like TINUVIN 234 is increasing, especially with the growing demand for durable outdoor products, automotive parts, and protective coatings.
The global market for UV stabilizers is expected to continue growing due to increased awareness of environmental degradation and the need for longer-lasting materials.
Cost-Effectiveness:
TINUVIN 234 is a cost-effective solution for enhancing the longevity of products.
Its performance-to-cost ratio makes it a popular choice in many industries, from automotive to textiles.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Emerging Trends in UV Stabilization:
Research into more sustainable and biodegradable UV stabilizers is underway.
Future directions may include the development of compounds that are both effective at stabilizing materials and less harmful to the environment.
Advancements in TINUVIN 234:
Improvements in the chemical structure of TINUVIN 234 could enhance its performance, especially in extreme environments.
Enhanced formulations may also improve its compatibility with different polymers.
Alternative UV Stabilizers:
As industries look for more sustainable alternatives, the development of bio-based UV stabilizers is gaining attention.
These alternatives may provide similar protection with fewer environmental concerns.
Summary of Key Findings:
TINUVIN 234 is a highly effective UV stabilizer that plays a crucial role in protecting materials from UV degradation.
Its ability to extend the life of plastics, coatings, fibers, and other materials makes it an indispensable component in many industries.
Importance in Industry:
TINUVIN 234 provides essential UV protection, ensuring that products retain their mechanical properties, appearance, and performance over time.
Its widespread use across diverse applications demonstrates its effectiveness and reliability.
Research Opportunities:
Ongoing research into improving the environmental friendliness and efficiency of UV stabilizers presents exciting possibilities for the future.
Researchers are focusing on optimizing TINUVIN 234 and other stabilizers to meet the evolving needs of industries and environmental standards.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TINUVIN 234
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
