TIPA

TIPA

CAS No. : 122-20-3
EC No. : 204-528-4

Synonyms:
Triisopropanolamine (TIPA); 1-[Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol; Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Tri-2-propanolamine; Tri-iso-propanolamine; Tris(2-propanol)amine; 1-Amino-2-propanol; Diisopropanolamine; DIPA; MIPA; TIPA; Monoisopropanolamine; MIPA; Monoizopropanolamine; MIPA; 1-amino-2-propanol; Diisopropanolamine; DIPA; Diizopropanolamine; 1,1-Iminobispropan-2-ol; Bis (2-propanolamine); DIPA; di (2-hydroxypropyl) amine; 1,1-iminodi-2-propanol; dipropyl-2,2-dihydroxyamine; Triisopropanolamine; TIPA; Triizopropanolamine; 1,1 ', 1-nitrilotri-2-propanol; 1-(2-Hydroxypropylamino)propan-2-ol; DIPA; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Triisopropanolamine; 122-20-3; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotripropan-2-ol; TIPA; Tri-2-propanolamine; Tri-iso-propanolamine; Tris(2-propanol)amine; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-; TRIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)AMINE; 1-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]propan-2-ol; Tris(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)amine; Caswell No. 891; 2-Propanol, 1,1',1''-nitrilotri-; UNII-W9EN9DLM98; NSC 4010; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol; CCRIS 4884; HSDB 5593; EINECS 204-528-4; 3,3',3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol); EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 004209; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol); BRN 1071570; W9EN9DLM98; AI3-01450; Triisopropanolamine, 98%; DSSTox_CID_1415; DSSTox_RID_76150; DSSTox_GSID_21415; 1,1',1''-Nitrilotris[2-propanol]; CAS-122-20-3; C9H21NO3; tri(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)-amine; trisisopropanolamine; 3,3',3"-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); TIPA; tris(isopropanol)amine; Triisopropanolamine, 95%; EC 204-528-4; tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; SCHEMBL28985; 4-04-00-01680 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 1,1''-Nitrilotri-2-propanol; 1,1,1-Nitrilotris-2-propanol; CHEMBL1877948; DTXSID5021415; Triisopropanolamine 122-20-3; 3,3''-Nitrilotri(2-propanol); NSC4010; 1,1''-Nitrilotris(2-propanol); 2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotri-; 1,1,1-Nitrilotris(propan-2-ol); 2-Propanol,1',1''-nitrilotris-; NSC-4010; 1,1',1''-nitrilotris-2-propanol

TIPA

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is an amine used for a variety of industrial applications including as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate. TIPA is also used to neutralize acidic components of some herbicides.

Physical characteristic: Clear Yellowish       
Chemical formula: 
Molecular weight:  g/mol
Type of packaging: Barrel

It is in the amine group of alcohol.
It is used widely in the sectors of paint and building.

Properties
Chemical formula C9H21NO3
Molar mass 191.271 g·mol−1
Appearance White to off-white solid
Melting point 48–52 °C (118–126 °F; 321–325 K)[1]
Boiling point 305 °C (581 °F; 578 K)

TIPA is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2NH2. It is an amino alcohol. The term isopropanolamine may also refer more generally to the additional homologs diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA).
TIPA is chiral. It can be prepared by the addition of aqueous ammonia to propylene oxide.

Biosynthesis
(R)-TIPA is one of the components incorporated in the biosynthesis of cobalamin. The O-phosphate ester is produced from threonine by the enzyme Threonine-phosphate decarboxylase.

Applications
The isopropanolamines are used as buffers. They are good solubilizers of oil and fat, so they are used to neutralize fatty acids and sulfonic acid-based surfactants. Racemic TIPA is typically used in metalworking fluid, waterborne coatings, personal care products, and in the production of titanium dioxide and polyurethanes.[5] It is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutical drugs.[citation needed]
(R)-TIPA is metabolised to aminoacetone by the enzyme (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase.

Isopropanolamines, due to their properties, have a wide range of applications as emulsifiers, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, neutralizers. In addition, they are used as an intermediate chemical for the production of surfactants and optical brighteners, as well as for the purification of industrial gases. Very effective as a component of coolants and plastics, and moreover as an antistatic agent in the paper industry. They are used as additives for concrete and cement. They are used in the production of corrosion inhibitors, in the paint and varnish industry and coatings.

CAS No. 78-96-6; CAS No. 110-97-4; CAS No. 122-20-3.
Common product names: Monoisopropanolamine, MIPA, Monoizopropanolamine, MIPA, 1-amino-2-propanol, Diisopropanolamine; DIPA; Diizopropanolamine, DIPA, 1,1-Iminobispropan-2-ol; Bis (2-propanolamine), di (2-hydroxypropyl) amine; 1,1-iminodi-2-propanol; dipropyl-2,2-dihydroxyamine, Triisopropanolamine, TIPA, Triizopropanolamine, TIPA, 1,1 ', 1-nitrilotri-2-propanol.

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is a compound of hydroxylamine with an organic amine and hydroxyl used in a mixture, especially to increase the final strength of cement, concrete and mortar.

Areas of use
TIPA is used in the following conditions and applications.

For high-performance concrete production.
• For the production of precast concrete
For concrete admixture formulations where setting is desired.
For the production of ready-mixed concrete with and without a pump.
• To increase the hardening and setting of concrete.
Application details

It is generally compatible to use TIPA in formulations of concrete admixtures with raw materials based on naphthalenesulfonate, melamine sulfonate, lignin sulfonate and polycarboxylate.

TIPA is a chemical compound with the molecular formula used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and chemical intermediate.[2]
TIPA can be prepared by the reaction of isopropanolamine or ammonia with propylene oxide.

A basic chemical used in many applications serving as an emulsifier, stabilizer, chemical intermediate and neutralizer that achieves basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives. Building block in the manufacture of triazine based corrosion inhibitors. It acts as a neutralizers for water-based coatings.

Uses:
Neutralize fatty acids and sulfonic acid-based surfactants
Metalworking fluids
Used in many applications to achieve basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives.
Benefits:
Good solubilizers of oil and fat
Offer heat and color stability
Low formulation costs.
Properties
These values are not intended for use in preparing specifications.

Typical Properties
Chemistry
Tri
Performance Benefits
Acid Gas Removal, Acidic Herbicide Neutralization, Concrete Compressive Strength, Corrosion Inhibitor, Grinding Aid, Intermediate, pH Regulator, Pigment Dispersant, Processing Agent, Reactive Agent

Product
Description
DOW Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is a basic chemical used in many applications serving as emulsifiers, stabilizers, chemical intermediates and neutralizers that achieve basicity, buffering and alkalinity objectives. Major applications include water-based coating applications and agricultural products. Additional applications are antistat agents for polymers, corrosion inhibitor, electrodeposition/electrocoating, lubricants, paper, pigment dispersion, plastics, polyurethane additive, reaction intermediates, rubber curing, surfactants, mineral dispersion, and urethanes.
DOW Triisopropanolamine is available as TIPA 99, TIPA Low Freeze Grade (LFG) & TIPA 101.
· TIPA 99—This commercial grade triisopropanolamine is a tertiary amine.
· TIPA LFG—This triisopropanolamine is a low freeze grade variation of TIPA for easier handling in colder ambient temperatures (freezing point: 5ºC/41ºF). It is a blend of 85% TIPA and 15% deionized water.
· TIPA 101—This triisopropanolamine is the non-prime product from the process. It is a blend of 90% TIPA and highers and 10% deionized water, with a freezing point of 17.2ºC/62.6ºF

Features and Benefits
Coatings
· Cross-linker in special niche water-based coating applications
· In waterborne coatings: good acid neutralization, improves water solubility, blocks organic acids in water, improves package stability, reduces water-sensitivity and discoloration
Herbicides/Algaecides/Fungicides/Pesticides
· Neutralizes acidic herbicides and other acidic components.
· Good water solubility, freeze stability

Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and developmental toxicity of Picloram K and /triisopropanolamine/ TIPA salts in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day of Picloram K or TIPA salt on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Maternal observations included changes in behavior and demeanor, feed consumption, body weight gain, gross pathologic alterations, liver and kidney weights and various reproductive parameters. On day 20 of gestation, fetuses were removed following cesarean section, weighed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal alterations. Maternal toxicity was noted in high dose females administered Picloram TIPA salt. Dams given 1000 mg/kg/day of Picloram TIPA salt had decreased feed consumption and body weight gain during the exposure period. No adverse maternal effects were observed with Picloram K salt and neither Picloram K or Picloram TIPAsalts were embryo/fetotoxic or teratogenic at any dose level. Thus, the developmental no-observed-effect-levels for Picloram K and TIPA salts were 1000 mg/kg/day

CAS #    122-20-3
EINECS #    204-528-4
GROUPS / USES    Agriculture Intermediates, Chemical Synthesis, Water-Borne Coatings, Crosslinkers, Emulsifiers, Solvents, Stabilizer
SYNONYMS    
TIPA, 1,1,1-Nitrilotripropan-2-Ol

FORMULA    C9H21NO3
CATEGORIES    Adhesives & Sealants, Coatings, Construction Chemicals, Corrosion Inhibitors, Flavor & Fragrance, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Industrial Chemicals, Lubricant & Grease, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Surfactants & Emulsifiers

TIPA is a white solid with slight odor of ammonia. Denser than water .
TIPA is widely used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, surfactants and chemical intermediates. Major applications include: coatings as a cross-linker, acid neutralizer to improve product stability and pesticides as a neutralizer and to improve product stability.
TIPA is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Diisopropanolamine, TIPA, isopropanolamine, & mixed isopropanolamine are used as water-soluble emulsifiers & neutralizers in cosmetic products at concns up to 1%. In animal studies these ingredients were slightly toxic to practically nontoxic to rats & guinea pigs via acute oral admin. TIPA was relatively nontoxic to rats in the two subchronic oral studies. These ingredients were moderate skin irritants for rabbits. All four ingredients, when tested at 100% concns, were severe ocular irritants in rabbits. Products containing small amounts (1%) of diisopropanolamine or TIPA, isopropanolamine were not ocular irritants in rabbits. The TIPA salt was not mutagenic in Aspergillus nidulans. ... Clinical studies on cosmetic products containing no more than 1% diisopropanolamine or 1.1% TIPA were minimal skin irritant & contact sensitizers. It is concluded that diisopropanolamine, TIPA, isopropanolamine, & mixed isopropanolamine are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use & concn.

TIPA's production and use as a crosslinking agent for coatings, emulsifiers and surfactants, and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates TIPA will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase TIPA will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours. Particulate-phase TIPA will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, TIPA is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. The pKa of TIPA is 8.06, indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected based on the Henry's Law constant. TIPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks. However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation in water and soil with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions. One soil metabolism study found a TIPA half-life of approximately 2 days. If released into water, TIPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of <0.57 in carp fish suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment. The most likely route of occupational exposure to TIPA is the dermal route, but inhalation exposure to aerosols is also possible. Because TIPA, or TIPA-derived fatty acid soaps and salts may be used in a wide variety of personal care products, the most likely route of consumer exposure to TIPA in these products would be via the dermal route.

TIPA's production and use as a crosslinking agent for coatings, emulsifiers and surfactants, and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that TIPA is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of TIPA is 8.06(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of TIPA from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). TIPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks(5). However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions(3). One soil metabolism study found a TIPA half-life of approximately 2 days(3,4).

Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes containing carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen.

Behavior in Fire: Toxic fumes containing carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. (USCG, 1999)
Health Hazard
Irritation of eyes and skin. May cause slight corneal injury or burn. Repeated contact may cause skin burn. Heated vapor may cause moderate respiratory irritation. Low to moderately toxic by oral routes. (USCG, 1999)
Reactivity Profile
TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE (TIPA) neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that TIPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF value of <0.57 in carp fish(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). TIPA was found to be not readily biodegradable using the Japanese MIT test where TIPA had only a 3.4% BODT after 4 weeks(6). However, the results of other ready, inherent and simulation tests have indicated that TIPA is readily susceptible to biodegradation with CO2 the dominant degradation product under aerobic conditions(7). In a lake water-sediment batch study, TIPA had a half-life of 14.3 days with 62% mineralization to CO2(7). TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(8).

According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), TIPA, which has a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase TIPA is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase TIPA may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

TIPA, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L(1). In a biodegradation test, TIPA reached 0%, 46%, and >46% of its theoretical BOD in 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively, using surface water or sewage treatment inoculum(2). TIPA, present at 30 mg/L, reached 3.4% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3). In inherent biodegradability BOD tests (system pre-acclimated to test compound), TIPA had 51%, 75% and >75% degradation after a 5-day, 10-day and 20-day incubation periods respectively(2). In a soil batch system using an initial TIPA concentration of 3.3 ppm, TIPA had a half-life of 2 days with 66-72% mineralization to CO2(2) and complete mineralization at 20 days(4). In a lake water-sediment batch system using an initial TIPA concentration of 2.3 ppm, TIPA had a half-life of 14.3 days with 62% mineralization to CO2(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of TIPA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). TIPA is expected to be stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(2). TIPA absorbs light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

During a 6 week period using carp fish (Cyprinus carpio), BCF values of <0.06 and <0.57 were measured for TIPA at respective concentrations of 2.5 and 0.25 mg/L(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of TIPA can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that TIPA is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of TIPA is 8.06(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for TIPA is estimated as 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that TIPA is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). TIPA's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). TIPA acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of TIPA is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 64,304 workers (8,631 of these are female) are potentially exposed to TIPA in the US(1). The most likely route of occupational exposure to TIPA is the dermal route, but inhalation exposure to aerosols is also possible(2). Because TIPA, or TIPA-derived fatty acid soaps and salts may be used in a wide variety of personal care products, the most likely route of consumer exposure to TIPA in these products would be via the dermal route(2).

TIPA – Set Accelerating And Strength Enhancer Raw Material for High-Range Water Reducing / Superplasticizer Concrete-Cement Admixtures

Product Definition
Triisopropanolamine is a hydroxylamine compound with organic amine and Hydroxyl used in admixture especially for increasing final strengths of cement, concrete and mortar.

Use
Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is used in the following conditions and applications.

• For high performance concrete production.
• For precast and precast concrete production.
• For concrete admixture formulations where early strength is desired.
• For Ready-mixed concrete production with and without pump.
• For increasing the final and early strength of concrete.
• Improves the grinding efficiency resulting energy savings.

Application Details
It is generaly compatible to use TIPA in concrete admixture recipes with Naphthalene Sulfonate, Melamine Sulfonate, Lignin Sulfonate and Polycarboxylate based raw materials.

General description
Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), a tertiary alkanolamine, is majorly used as a grinding chemical that reduces agglomeration in the ball milling process and changes the particle distribution of the finished cement.

Application
TIPA can act as an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to improve the mechanical properties of the mortar and the concrete. It can also be used to increase the compressive strength of the cement-fly ash system by accelerating the hydration of both the compounds.
The amine Triisopropanolamine is used in industrial applications as a stabilizer, intermediate and as an emulsifier.

What Is It?
TIPA and Diisopropanolamine are white solids, whereas Isopropanolamine and Mixed Isopropanolamines occur as clear, colorless liquids. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of permanent waves and other hair products, and bath, skin, fragrance and indoor tanning products.

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
TIPA, Diisopropanolamine, Isopropanolamine and Mixed Isopropanolamines are used to control the pH of cosmetics and personal care products, and these ingredients help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. TIPA also prevents the corrosion (rust) of metallic materials used in packaging cosmetics and personal care products.

Scientific Facts: 
Diisopropanolamine and Isopropanolamine have a tendency to darken in color with prolonged exposure to air or iron. TIPA reduces the tendency of a metal used in packaging to be attacked by the contents of the package.

Triisopropanolamine is used as a cross-linker in special niche water-based coating applications. The cement and concrete industries use TIPA as a grinding aid, and it is used in concrete admixtures. TIPA is used as a neutralizing agent in agricultural products and water borne coatings.

APPLICATIONS
Cement & Concrete improves the grinding efficiency resulting in energy savings; prevents from agglomeration or clumping; as water reducing agent.
Rubber curing Chain terminator in isoprene polymerization.
Polyurethane Used as Cross-linker to improve PU foam quality.
Metal working to improve corrosion protection, antioxidant.

PACKAGE
Net weight 200kg/ iron drum ;1000kg IBC drum;20 tons flexibag

STORAGE
Shelf time of TIPA is one year, and after then it could still be available once has passed a chemical test.

SAFETY & TOXICITY
Generally present no toxicity, alkalescency but do not irritate skin.
Higher flashing point, it should be prevented the material from spilling into the eyes while handling.