TRIACETIN DRUM

CAS NUMBER:102-76-1
EC NUMBER:203-051-9

Synonyms:
1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane, 1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol, Glyceryl triacetate; TRİ ASETİN; TRİASETİN; TRI ACETIN; TRIACETIN; tri asetin; triasetin; triacetin; tri acetin;Triacetin; Glyceryl triacetate; 102-76-1; Glycerol triacetate; Glycerin triacetate; Enzactin ;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane, 1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol, Glyceryl triacetate;Triacetin;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane;1,2,3-Propantriyl-triacetat;1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate;1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate;1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate;acetic acid 1,2,3-propane triyl ester;2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate; 2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;captex 500; 1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate; enzactin; fungacetin;glycerin triacetate; glycerol triacetate; glyceryl triacetate;1,2,3-propane triol triacetate; 1,2,3-    propane triyl triacetate propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriol, triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate;(tri-)acetin;triacetin EP grade;triacetin FCC;triacetin food grade;triacetin regular grade;triacetin synthetic;triacetinUSP;triacetine;1,2,3-triacetoxypropane;triacetyl glycerine;triacetyl glycerol;triacetylglycerol;vanay;1,2,3 propanedioltriacetate;1,2,3-propanedioltriethanoate;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;Acetin, tri-;Enzactin;femanumber2007;Fungacetin;Glycerol triacetate tributyrin;tri asetin; triasetin; tri acetin; triacetin; TRIACETIN; TRI ACETIN;Glyceryl triacetate, 1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane, 1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol, Glycerol triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate, INS No. 1518 ;ENZACTIN, GLYCERYL TRIACETATE, TRIACETYL GLYCERINE;1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate; 1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate    ;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane;1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate; Enzactin;Triacetin;Triacetyl glycerol;Triacetyl glycerol;Triacetylglycerol;triacetin;Glycerol triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate;102-76-1;Glycerin triacetate;Enzactin;Triacetine;Triacetylglycerol;Fungacetin;Triacetyl glycerine;Glyped;Vanay;Kesscoflex TRA;Kodaflex triacetin;Acetin, tri-;1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate;1,2,3-triacetoxypropane;Triacetinum;Triacetina;1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate;1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol;1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate;FEMA Number 2007;Triacetine [INN-French];Triacetinum [INN-Latin];Triacetina [INN-Spanish];Triacetyl glycerin;NSC 4796;UNII-XHX3C3X673;FEMA No. 2007;HSDB 585;1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate;propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate;EINECS 203-051-9;1,2,3-triacetyl-glycerol;BRN 1792353;2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate;1,2,3-triacetyl-sn-glycerol;AI3-00661;CHEBI:9661;Glycerol triacetate (Triacetin);C9H14O6;URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N;Acetic, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester;MFCD00008716;SBB060703;1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate;NCGC00091612-04;E1518;DSSTox_CID_6691;DSSTox_RID_78184;DSSTox_GSID_26691;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;triacetylglycerin;Triacetyl glycerol;Triacetin [INN];CAS-102-76-1;2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate;CCRIS 9355;EOIEyOOEao yen;EOIEy xEao yen;Glycerine triacetate;Triacetin, 99%;TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE);Spectrum_000881;Triacetin (USP/INN);ENZACTIN (TN); AC1L1KKQ; AC1Q1LBU; Spectrum2_000939; Spectrum3_001368; Spectrum4_000362;Spectrum5_001376;ACMC-1C1GI;Triacetin, >=99.5%;AC1Q1L9A;SCHEMBL3870;BSPBio_002896;KBioGR_000823;KBioSS_001361;4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);KSC176O0H;MLS002152946;1,3-Propanetriol, triacetate;DivK1c_000740;Glyceryl triacetate, >=99%;SPECTRUM1500585;Triacetin, analytical standard;SPBio_000878;Triacetin, 99%, FCC, FG; XHX3C3X673; CHEMBL1489254; DTXSID3026691; CTK0H6703;HMS502E22; KBio1_000740;KBio2_001361; KBio2_003929;KBio2_006497;KBio3_002116;EBD5636;NSC4796;MolPort-001-787-791;NINDS_000740;Ey x(3/4)<<; HMS1921G05; HMS2092O09; HMS2232I22; Pharmakon1600-01500585;Glycerol triacetate, 99% 500g;Triacetin USP FCC EP Kosher Tech;HY-B0896;NSC-4796;ZINC1530705;  Tox21_111155;Tox21_201745; Tox21_300111;WLN: 1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1;ANW-14741;CCG 39680;LMGL03012615;NSC757364;ZINC01530705;AKOS009028851;Tox21_111155_1;Glyceryl triacetate, >=99.0% (GC);LS-2356,MCULE-6622854116;NSC-757364;RP27112;RTR-033474;IDI1_000740;NCGC00091612-01;NCGC00091612-02;NCGC00091612-03;NCGC00091612-05;NCGC00091612-06;NCGC00091612-07;NCGC00091612-09;NCGC00254207-01;NCGC00259294-01;CJ-05210;CJ-24005; OR025848; OR195125;OR195126;S168;SMR001224538;SBI-0051540.P002;TR-033474;Triacetin (1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate);G0086,ST51046833;EN300-19216,D00384;E 1518;AB00052112_06,SR-05000002079;I14-2610;J-000781;SR-05000002079-1;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate #;Z1258578263;Triacetin, GTA F.G (1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE);Triacetin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Triacetin, pharmaceutical secondary standard; traceable to USP, PhEur;1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate; 1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane; 1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol; Glycerol triacetate;;InChI=1/C9H14O6/c1-6(10)13-4-9(15-8(3)12)5-14-7(2)11/h9H,4-5H2,1-3H;acetic acid 1,2,3-propane triyl ester;2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate;2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;captex 500;1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate;enzactin;fungacetin;glycerin triacetate;glycerol triacetate;glyceryl triacetate;1,2,3propane triol triacetate;1,2,3-propane triyl triacetate;propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriol, triacetate;1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate;(tri-)acetin;triacetin EP grade;triacetin FCC;triacetin regular grade;triacetin synthetic;triacetin USP;triacetine;1,2,3-triacetoxypropane;triacetyl glycerine;triacetyl glycerol;triacetylglycerol;vanay;Acetin TP LXS 51035;Glycerinetriacetate;Glyceroltriacetate;Triacetin [INN] [USP] [Wiki],1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate;1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate [ACD/Index Name];1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name];1,2,3-Propantriyl-triacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name];1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane;102-76-1 [RN];1VO1YOV1&1OV1 [WLN];203-051-9 [EINECS];glycerol triacetate;Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate;Triacétate de 1,2,3-propanetriyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name];triacetina [Spanish] [INN];triacétine [French] [INN];triacetinum [Latin] [INN]?;???????? [Russian] [INN]????? ????;?? [Arabic] [INN];??? [Chinese] [INN];[2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethyl] acetate;1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL ACETATE;1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate, 9CI;1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate;1,2,3-triacetylglycerol;1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate;1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate;1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl ethanoate;1792353;2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;2,3-diacetoxypropyl acetate;2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate;2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate;4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein];acetic acid [2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethyl] ester;Acetic, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester;Acetin, tri-;Blekin;BSPBio_002896;carbonic acid [4-[[2-[[(4-ethoxycarbonyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]ethylamino]-oxomethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl] ethyl ester;E 1518;E1518;E-1518;EINECS 203-051-9;Enzacetin;ENZACTIN [Trade name];Enzactin (TN);Estol1581;Euzactin;FEMA2007;Fungacet;Fungacetin;Glycerintriacetate;Glycerol triacetate (Triacetin);Glycerol triacetate tributyrin;Glyceryl triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane;Glyped;IDI1_000740;InChI=1/C9H14O6/c1-6(10)13-4-9(15-8(3)12)5-14-7(2)11/h9H,4-5H2,1-3H;Kesscoflex TRA;Kodaflex triacetin;MFCD00008716 [MDL number];Motisil;NCGC00091612-02;NCGC00091612-03;NCGC00091612-04;Pharmakon1600-01500585;SPECTRUM1500585;Spectrum5_001376;Tri-Acetin;TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE);Triacetin (USP);Triacetin (usp/inn);Triacetin [inn],Triacetin USP FCC EP Kosher Tech;Triacetin, 8CI, BAN, INN, USAN;Triacetin, GTA F.G (1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE);triacetin; triacetina; triacetine;triacetinum;Triacetina;Triaceti[INNSpanish];Triacetine;Triacetine [INN-French];Triacetinum;Triacetinum [INN-Latin];Triacetyl glycerin;Triacetyl glycerine;Triacetyl glycerol;triacetylglycerol;UNII:XHX3C3X673;UNII-XHX3C3X673;VANAY;WLN: 1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1;?????? [Chinese];TRI-) ACETIN; 1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE; 1,2,3-PROPANETRIYL ESTER ACETIC; 1,2,3PROPANETRIOL, TRIACETATE; ACETIC, 1,2,3-PROPANETRIYL ESTER; GLYCERYL TRIACETATE; 1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE; ENZACTIN; FUNGACETIN; GLYCERIN TRIACETATE; GLYCEROL TRIACETATE;Glycerol triacetate; Glycerol, acetylated; 1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate; Acetin, tri-; Enzactin; Fungacetin; Glycerin triacetate; Glyceryl triacetate; Glyped; Kesscoflex TRA; Triacetine; Vanay; Kodaflex triacetin; Triacetyl glycerine; Triacetyl glycerin; Triacetyl glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate; NSC 4796; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;1,2,3-propanedioltriacetate;1,2,3-propanedioltriethanoate;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;Acetin, tri-;Enzactin;femanumber2007;Fungacetin;Glycerol triacetate tributyrin;Glyceryl triacetate;Acetic acid 1,2,3-propane triyl ester;1,3-    diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate;Enzactin;Fungacetin;Glycerin triacetate;Glycerol triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate;1,2,3-propane triol triacetate;1,2,3-propane triyl triacetate;(tri-)acetin;Triacetine;Triacetyl glycerine;Triacetyl glycerol;Vanay;1,2,3-propanedioltriacetate;1,2,3-propanedioltriethanoate;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate;Acetin, tri-; Enzactin ;femanumber2007; Fungacetin; Glycerol triacetate tributyrin; TRIACETIN DRUM; TRIACETIN; TRİACETİN DRUM; TRİACETİN; Triacétine; La Triacétine;trıacetın

TRIACETIN
Triacetin

Triacetin[1]
Skeletal formula of triacetin
Ball-and-stick model of the triacetin molecule
Names
IUPAC name
1,3-Diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate
Other names
Glycerol triacetate[2]
Identifiers
CAS Number    
102-76-1 check
3D model (JSmol)    
Interactive image
ChEBI    
CHEBI:9661 ☒
ChEMBL    
ChEMBL1489254 ☒
ChemSpider    
13835706 check
ECHA InfoCard    100.002.775 Edit this at Wikidata
E number    E1518 (additional chemicals)
KEGG    
D00384 check
RTECS number    
AK3675000
UNII    
XHX3C3X673 check
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
DTXSID3026691 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula    C9H14O6
Molar mass    218.205 g·mol−1
Appearance    Oily liquid
Density    1.155 g/cm3[3]
Melting point    −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
at 760 mmHg[2]
Boiling point    259 °C (498 °F; 532 K)
at 760 mmHg[2]
Solubility in water    6.1 g/100 mL[2]
Solubility    Miscible in EtOH
Soluble in C6H6, (C2H5)2O, acetone[2]
Vapor pressure    0.051 Pa (11.09 °C)
0.267 Pa (25.12 °C)
2.08 Pa (45.05 °C)[4]
ln(P/Pa)=22.819-4493/T(K)-807000/T(K)²
Refractive index (nD)    1.4301 (20 °C)[2]
1.4294 (24.5 °C)[4]
Viscosity    23 cP (20 °C)[3]
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)    389 J/mol·K[5]
Std molar
entropy (So298)    458.3 J/mol·K[5]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)    −1330.8 kJ/mol[5]
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)    4211.6 kJ/mol[5]
Hazards
S-phrases (outdated)    S24/25
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)    
[3]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
110
Flash point    138 °C (280 °F; 411 K)[3]
Autoignition
temperature    430 °C (806 °F; 703 K)[3]
Explosive limits    7.73%[3]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)    1100 mg/kg (mice, oral)[3]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin, glycerin triacetate or 1,2,3-triacetylglycerol. It is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.[6] It is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure (STP) with a high boiling point and a low melting point. It has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.[7] It is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.

Triacetin was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.[8]

Uses
It is an artificial chemical compound,[9] commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518. It is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.[10]

The plasticizing capabilities of triacetin have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).[11] In the study, triacetin was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex. This complex was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice. The gel slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.

Additionally, preliminary research also suggests that triacetin can be used to directly treat glioblastoma[12]. The study found that triacetin is a viable mediator for acetate supplementation, a therapy that inhibits glioblastoma cell growth.

Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.[13]

It has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions. It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from triacetin.[14]

Synthesis
The synthesis of triacetin from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.

3 (CH
3CO)
2O + 2 C
3H
5(OH)
3 → 2 C
3H
5(OCOCH
3)
3 + 3 H
2O
This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of triacetin.[15] It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of triacetin.[16]

Safety
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved it as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) food additive and included it in the database according to the opinion from the Select Committee On GRAS Substances (SCOGS).

"Triacetin and two types of acetooleins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed. Three types of acetostearins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels up to 5 g per kg per day. This contrasts with an estimated human consumption of a fraction of a milligram per kg per day. It is recognized that at an even higher feeding level (10 g per kg per day) male rats developed testicular atrophy and female rats, uterine discoloration. However, such a level which would amount to 50 g or more for an infant and 600 g for an adult per day, is vastly higher than would be possible in the consumption of foods to which acetostearins are added for functional purposes."
Triacetin is included in the SCOGS database since 1975.[17]

Triacetin was not toxic to animals in studies of exposure through repeated inhalation over a relatively short period.[18]

Application
Triacetin can be used as:
• An additive in the preparation of flax fiber-polylactic acid (PLA) composites due to its compatibility with the polymer and ability to increase the elongation of the plastic.[1]
• A reactant in the transesterification reaction with methanol using various catalysts.[2][3]
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin, glycerin triacetate or 1,2,3-triacetylglycerol. It is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.[6] It is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure (STP) with a high boiling point and a low melting point. It has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.[7] It is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
Triacetin was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.[8]
Uses
It is an artificial chemical compound,[9] commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518. It is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.[10]
The plasticizing capabilities of triacetin have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).[11] In the study, triacetin was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex. This complex was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice. The gel slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.
Additionally, preliminary research also suggests that triacetin can be used to directly treat glioblastoma[12]. The study found that triacetin is a viable mediator for acetate supplementation, a therapy that inhibits glioblastoma cell growth.
Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.[13]
It has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions. It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from triacetin.[14]
Synthesis
The synthesis of triacetin from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.
This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of triacetin.[15] It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of triacetin.[16]
Safety
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved it as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) food additive and included it in the database according to the opinion from the Select Committee On GRAS Substances (SCOGS).
"Triacetin and two types of acetooleins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed. Three types of acetostearins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels up to 5 g per kg per day. This contrasts with an estimated human consumption of a fraction of a milligram per kg per day. It is recognized that at an even higher feeding level (10 g per kg per day) male rats developed testicular atrophy and female rats, uterine discoloration. However, such a level which would amount to 50 g or more for an infant and 600 g for an adult per day, is vastly higher than would be possible in the consumption of foods to which acetostearins are added for functional purposes."
Triacetin is included in the SCOGS database since 1975.[17]
Triacetin was not toxic to animals in studies of exposure through repeated inhalation over a relatively short period.[18]
 

The triglyceride 1, 2, 3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate. It is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride. It is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid with a high boiling point.
Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products. Its high solvency power and low volatility make triacetin a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances. One of its main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum. The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed triacetin as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food. It is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging.
Triacetin is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug. It derives from an acetic acid.
 

ChEBI
Triacetin is found in fruits. Triacetin is a flavouring agent, adjuvant; formulation aid, humectant, solvent and vehicle. Triacetin is present in papaya (Carica papaya.
Introduction
Triacetin is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid. It has been used for over 75 years for a wide range of uses, including cosmetic biocide (most often as a fungicide), plasticizer, solvent in cosmetic formulas, food additive (as a flavoring agent and adjuvant), and as a binder for combustible material in solid-rocket propellants. It is also known as glyceryl triacetate, glycerol triacetate, glycerin triacetate, glycerine triacetate, triacetyl glycerine, acetin-tri, 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane, 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate, 1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate, and acetic-1,2,3-prepanetriyl ester [1]. Common trade names include Enzactin, Fungacetin, Glyped, Kesscoflex TRA, and Vanay. It is a colorless, oily liquid that, although is most often synthesized, can be found naturally in cod-liver oil, butter, and other fats [2]. Reflecting its chemical nature and its widespread use as a Food and Drug Administration generally recognized as safe (FDA, GRAS) food additive, there is no U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System (U.S. EPA, IRIS) record on triacetin, and no threshold limit values have been established to protect occupationally exposed workers to the compound. The only limitation on triacetin is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements set by the FDA [3].
The potential environmental effects of triacetin are of particular interest because it is a high production volume chemical. Japan, the leading producer of triacetin, was estimated to produce 5,000 tons per year (t/yr), compared to the global production of about 10,000 to 50,000 t/yr [4]. One Japanese production site that produced 2,000 t/yr was estimated to release about 1,440 kilograms per year (kg/yr) through wastewater [4]. In the United States, Shackelford and Keith [5] detected triacetin in samples collected from the Tennessee River, but no concentration levels were reported.
Triacetin is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid[1] that occurs naturally in papaya.[2] It is mainly used as a synthetic flavoring agent in ice-creams, nonalcoholic beverages and baked goods.[3]
Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products. Its high solvency power and low volatility make triacetin a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances. One of its main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum. The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed triacetin as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food. It is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging. EastmanTM Triacetin, Kosher, Food Grade, meets all Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) specifications and is manufactured under good manufacturing practices (GMP). All kosher products produced by Eastman are manufactured under rabbinical supervision in full accordance with Jewish dietary law.
Product description
Triacetin is a clear, colourless acetate ester used for example in the manufacture of cigarette filters. Triacetin is also used for plasticising NBR and cellulose derivatives. Storage stability Under suitable conditions, Triacetin can be stored for one year. Triacetin can be stored in a stainless steel tank (V4A; material no. 1.4571 [AISI 316Ti]). Solubility Triacetin is readily soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons and most organic solvents. It is insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, and vegetable and animal oils. Solubility in water is low. Packaging Road tankers 230 kg drums General properties The major features of Triacetin are : • excellent suitability for the solidification of acetyl cellulose fibres for the manufacture of cigarette filters • very good dissolving power for a number of organic substances • good plasticising effect for various plastics such as celluloseacetates or celluloseacetobutyrates • good plasticising effect for cellulose-based paints • good compatibility with natural and synthetic rubber • good light resistance Applications Triacetin is used for the solidification of acetyl cellulose fibres in the manufacture of cigarette filters. The water content must be kept constant to achieve constant solidification. Triacetin is also used as a support for flavourings and essences in the food industry and as a plasticiser for chewing gum. In technical applications, Triacetin is used for example as a core sand binder in the metal foundry sector. Another application is inks and printing inks. Triacetin is used as a highlyeffective plasticiser for cellulose-based plastics.
 

About this substance 
This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 10 000 - 100 000 tonnes per year.
This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, perfumes and fragrances, air care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, inks and toners and polymers. Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Article service life
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
This substance can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
This substance is intended to be released from scented: clothes, eraser, toys, paper products and CDs.
Widespread uses by professional workers
This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes and cosmetics and personal care products.
This substance is used in the following areas: health services and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, coating products, inks and toners, pharmaceuticals, washing & cleaning products and polymers.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Uses at industrial sites
This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, coating products, cosmetics and personal care products, inks and toners, perfumes and fragrances, polymers and air care products.
This substance is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and building & construction work.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and furniture.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as processing aid and manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, for thermoplastic manufacture, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and in the production of articles.
What is it?
Triacetin (C9H14O6), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, and has been used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent. It is a liquid, and has been approved by the FDA as a food additive. Triacetin is a water-soluble short-chain triglyceride that may also have a role as a parenteral nutrient according to animal studies.[1][2] It is also used in the perfume and cosmetic industries.
Triacetin is listed on the FDA Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) List. According to the FDA, triacetin has been found to be non-toxic in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed.[2] Additionally, in a toxicology report from 2002, triacetin and a group of related triglycerides did not represent a hazard to human health based on the anticipated daily intake of 7.8 mg/day/adult, and other available data. One case of skin toxicity (allergic contact eczema) due to industrial use in cigarette filter production has been reported.[1][3]
There is no evidence in the available information on triacetin that demonstrates or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current or that might reasonably be expected in the future.